Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Neonatal
jaundice
Unconj
ugated
bilirubi
n
Conjugated
bilirubin
Physiol
ogical
jaundic
e of
Neonat
es
Pathol
ogic
Hemo
lytic
Nonhemoly
tic
Intrin
sic
cause
s
Extrinsi
c
causes
Hepa
tic
Posthepat
ic
Membrane conditions
Spherocytosis
Hereditary elliptocytosis
Systemic conditions
Sepsis
Arteriovenous malformation
Enzyme conditions
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
deficiency (also called G6PD deficiency)
Rh disease[1]
Cephalohematoma
Polycythemia
Sepsis
Hypothyroidism
Gilbert's syndrome
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
High GI obstruction
Conjugated (Direct)[edit]
Liver causes[edit]
Infections
Sepsis
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
TORCH infections
Metabolic
Galactosemia
Cystic fibrosis
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
Rotor syndrome
Drugs
Idiopathic
Post-liver[edit]
Alagille syndrome
Choledochal cyst
Non-organic causes[edit]
Breastfeeding failure jaundice[edit]
"Breastfeeding failure jaundice" or "lack of breastfeeding
jaundice," is caused by insufficient breast milk intake,
[4]
resulting in inadequate quantities of bowel movements to
remove bilirubin from the body. This can usually be
ameliorated by frequent breastfeeding sessions of sufficient
duration to stimulate adequate milk production.
Unconjugated[edit]
Hemolytic[edit]
Intrinsic causes of hemolysis[edit]
Mother's
Rh
factor
Father's
Rh
factor
Rh
positive
Baby's Rh
factor
Precautions
Rh
positive
Rh positive
None
Rh
negative
Rh
negative
Rh negative
None
Rh
positive
Rh
negative
Could be
Rh positive
or Rh
negative
None
Rh
negative
Rh
positive
Could be
Rh positive
or Rh
negative
Rh immune
globulin
injections
Causes[edit]
Antibodies are produced when the body is exposed to
an antigen foreign to the make-up of the body. If a mother is
exposed to a foreign antigen and produces IgG (as opposed
to IgM which does not cross the placenta), the IgG will target
the antigen, if present in the fetus, and may affect it in
utero and persist after delivery. The three most common
models in which a woman becomes sensitized toward (i.e.,
produces IgG antibodies against) a particular antigen are:
Miscarriage
Abortion
Ectopic pregnancy when a fertilized eggs
implants somewhere outside the uterus, usually in a
fallopian tube
Molar pregnancy a noncancerous (benign) tumor
that develops in the uterus
Amniocentesis a prenatal test in which a sample
of the fluid that surrounds and protects a baby in the
uterus (amniotic fluid) is removed for testing or treatment
Certain chemicals
Diabetic ketoacidosis
KERNICTERUS
The symptoms depend on the stage of kernicterus.
Early stage:
Extreme jaundice
Absent startle reflex
Poor feeding or sucking
Extreme sleepiness (lethargy) and low muscle tone
(hypotonia)
Mid stage:
High-pitched cry
Arched back with neck hyperextended backwards
(high muscle tone/hypertonia)
Bulging fontanel (soft spot)
Seizures
Late stage:
High-frequency hearing loss
Intellectual disability
Muscle rigidity
Speech difficulties
Seizures
Movement disorder
Exams and Tests
A blood test will show a high bilirubin level (greater than 2025 mg/dL).
Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different
laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your
specific test results.