Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
CHAPTER
1
EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM
===========================================================
Introduction
From the simplest social structure-the family to the
most complex-the community of nations, it is essential that
certain norms and conduct are to be established and observed
in order to ensure that the cordial and harmonious
relationship among its members are preserved and maintained.
Primitive Evolution of the Philippine Policing System
The police under the local setting primitively evolved
from the practice of the different tribes to select ablebodied young men to protect the people from the assault of
the rival tribe, and to maintain peace and order within the
village.
The Spanish Era
By the coming of the Spaniards, who ruled the country,
using sword after the cross for more than three centuries,
the countrys police system started.
Police were then
called Cuardillo, later the general function of law
enforcement were assumed by the Cuerpo de Carabineros de
Seguridad Republica, in which the native Filipinos were
appointed up to the rank of Sergeant under the command of a
Spanish Officer. In 1852, Guardia Civil took over the peace
keeping duties in the island under a Royal Decree.
CHAPTER
2
POLICE SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT
===========================================================
Introduction
The
police are most involved in the complicated interrelationship within a social structure.
Due this, the
effectiveness of the organization is essentially dependent
on the manner the same is managed, administered and
controlled and most especially on the trust that the
citizens-clientele of policing business bestow upon it.
Definition of Police Management
In modern police administrative terminology, police
management is defines as the process of directing and
controlling people and things so that organizational
objectives can be accomplished.
Definition of Police Supervision
It is a part of the police management process, and it
is refers to the act of overseeing subordinates and line
officers.
Basic Police Supervisory Responsibilities
1.
Planner
Personnel Officer
Trainer
Controller
Motivating Employees
Leadership Responsibilities
Definition of Organization
An organization is a structure through people work as
group, and it presupposes an orderly arrangement between
individuals and groups.
Three Categories of Supervisors Job
1.
Leading
2.
Directing
3.
Controlling
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Coordinating
That is the all important duty of interrelating the
Budgeting
and
Division of Work
Unity of Command
Span of Control
Delegation of Work
Personnel Development
The
practices
of
delegation
contribute
to
the
development of subordinates to perform the supervisors job
in his absence or when he is unable to act.
6.
Exception Principle
10
The Autocratic
The
He
to
The Democratic
11
Direct Command
when
emergent
Request
12
CHAPTER
3
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6975
===========================================================
What is Republic Act No. 6975
It is an act establishing the Philippine National
Police under a reorganized Department of Interior and Local
Government, and for other purposes.
The Department of the Interior and Local Government
To carry out the policies and purpose of this Act, the
Department of Local Government is hereby reorganized into
the Department of Interior and Local Government, hereinafter
referred to as the Department, in accordance with the
provisions of this Act.
Powers and Functions of the DILG
In furtherance of the objectives of this Act, the
Department shall continue to exercise the powers and
functions of the Department of Local Government in addition
to the powers and functions as herein provided.
Organization of the DILG
The Department shall consist of the Department Proper,
the existing bureaus and offices of Department of Local
Government, the National Police Commission, the Philippine
Public Safety College, and the following bureaus:
the
Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Fire Protection,
and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.
13
Presiding
Officer
of
the
c)
Delegate authority to exercise any substantive or
administrative function to the members of the National
Police Commission or other officers of rank within the
Department.
Regional Offices of the DILG
The Department shall establish, operate and maintain a
regional office in each of the administrative regions of the
country to implement the policies and programs of the
Department.
Each regional office shall be headed by a
regional director to be assisted by two (2) assistant
regional directors:
one (1) for jail management and
penology and another one (1) for fire protection in addition
to the present regional directors of the Department of Local
Government.
Removal from Office
The members of the Commission may be removed from
office for cause. All vacancies in the Commission, except
through expiration of term shall be filled up for the
unexpired term only: Provided, That any person who shall be
appointed in this case shall be eligible for regular
appointment for another full term.
14
15
d)
Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search
and seizure in accordance with the Constitution and
pertinent laws;
e)
Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond
what is prescribed by law, informing the person so detained
of all his rights under the Constitution;
f)
Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and
explosives in accordance with law;
g)
Supervise and control the training and operations
of security agencies and issue licenses to operate security
agencies, and to security guards and private detectives, for
the practice of their professions, and
h)
Perform such other duties and exercise all other
functions as may be provided by law.
In addition, the PNP shall absorb the office of the
National Action Committee on Anti-Hijacking (NACAH) of the
Department of National Defense, all the functions of the
present Philippine Air Force Security Command (PAFSECOM), as
well as the police functions of the Coast Guard. In order
to perform its powers and functions efficiently and
effectively, the PNP shall be provided with adequate land,
sea, and air capabilities and all necessary material means
or resources.
Organization of the PNP
The PNP shall be headed by a Chief who shall be
assisted by two (2) deputy chiefs, one (1) for operations
and one (1) for administration, both of whom shall be
appointed by the President upon recommendation of the
Commission from among the most senior and qualified officers
in the service:
Provided, however, That in no case shall
any officer who has retired or is retirable within six (6)
months from his compulsory retirement age be appointed as
Chief of the PNP.
The PNP shall be composed of a national office,
regional offices, provincial offices, district offices and
16
17
18
19
1)
Crime
Laboratory.
There shall be established a central Crime
Laboratory to be headed by a Director with the rank of chief
20
2)
Logistics Units.
Headed by a Director with the
rank of chief superintendent, the Logistics Unit shall be
responsible
for
the
procurement,
distribution,
and
management of all the logistical requirements of the PNP
including firearms and ammunition.
3)
Communications Unit.
Headed by a Director with
the rank of chief superintendent, the Communications Unit
shall be responsible for establishing an effective police
communications network.
4)
Computer Center.
Headed by a Director with the
rank of chief superintendent, the Computer Center shall be
responsible for the design, implementation and maintenance
of a database system for the PNP.
5)
Finance Center.
Headed by a Director with the
rank of chief superintendent, the Finance Center shall be
responsible for providing finance services to the PNP.
6)
Civil Security Unit.
Headed by a Director with
the rank of chief superintendent, the Civil Security Unit
shall
provide
administrative
services
and
general
supervision over the organization, business operation and
activities of all organized private detectives, watchmen,
security guard agencies and company guards.
The unit shall likewise supervise the licensing and
registration of firearms and explosives.
The approval of applications for licenses to operate
private security agencies, as well as the issuance of
licenses to security guards and the licensing of firearms
and explosives, shall be decentralized to the PNP regional
offices.
21
b)
Operational Support Units. 1)
Maritime Police
Units.
Headed by a Director with the rank of chief
superintendent, the Maritime Police Unit shall perform all
police functions over Philippine territorial waters and
rivers.
2)
Police Intelligence Unit.
Headed by a Director
with
the
rank
of
chief
superintendent,
the
Police
Intelligence Unit shall serve as the intelligence and
counter-intelligence operating unit of the PNP.
3)
Police Security Unit. Headed by a Director with
the rank of chief superintendent, the Police Security Unit
shall provide security for government officials, visiting
dignitaries and private individuals authorized to be given
protection.
4)
Criminal Investigation Unit. Headed by a Director
with the rank of chief superintendent, the Criminal
Investigation
Unit
shall
undertake
the
monitoring,
investigation and prosecution of all crimes involving
economic sabotage, and other crimes of such magnitude and
extent as to indicate their commission by highly placed or
professional criminal syndicates and organizations.
5)
Special Action Force. Headed by a Director with
the rank of chief superintendent, the Special Action Force
shall function as a mobile strike force or reaction unit to
augment regional, provincial, municipal and city police
forces for civil disturbance control, counter-insurgency,
hostage-taking
rescue
operations,
and
other
special
operations.
6)
Narcotics Unit.
Headed by a Director with the
rank of chief superintendent, the Narcotics Unit shall
enforce all laws relative to the protection of the citizenry
against dangerous and other prohibited drugs and substances.
7)
Aviation Security Unit. Headed by a Director with
the rank of chief superintendent, the Aviation Security
Unit, in coordination with airport authorities shall secure
all the countrys airport against offensive and terroristic
acts that threaten civil aviation, exercise operational
control and supervisions over all agencies involved in
airport security operation, and enforce all laws and
22
23
24
25
26
27
CHAPTER
4
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8551
===========================================================
What is Republic Act No. 8551
It
is
an
act
providing
for
the
reform
and
reorganization of the Philippine National Police, and for
other purposes.
Relationship of the DILG with the DND
The Department of the Interior and Local Government
shall be relieved of the primary responsibility on matters
involving the suppression of insurgency and other serious
threats to national security.
The Philippine National
Police shall, through information gathering and performance
of its ordinary police functions, support the Armed Forces
of the Philippines on matters involving suppression of
insurgency, except in cases where the president shall call
on the PNP to support the AFP in combat operations.
Creation and Composition of NAPOLCOM
A National Police Commission, hereinafter referred to
as the Commission, is hereby created for the purpose of
effectively discharging the functions prescribed in the
Constitution and provided in this Act. The Commission shall
be
composed
of
a
Chairperson,
four
(4)
regular
Commissioners, and the Chief PNP as ex-officio member.
Three of the regular commissioners, shall come from the
civilian sector who are neither active nor former members of
the police or military one (1) of whom shall be designated
as Vice-Chairperson by the President.
28
29
and
investigate
police
anomalies
matters
chief
and
involving
30
31
Staff
Services
of
the
The
Crime
Prevention
and
Coordination
Service,
32
33
shall
be
appointed
regional
directors
b)
34
35
in the following
weight;
and d)
36
of
37
of
Chief
of
City
and
Municipal
Police
38
Maximum Tenure
Chief
Deputy Chief
Regional Directors
six
Provincial/City Directors
(6) years
Except for the Chief, PNP, no PNP member who has less
than one (1) year of service before reaching the compulsory
retirement age shall be promoted to a higher rank or
appointed to any other positions.
Attrition by Relief
A PNP uniformed personnel who has been relieved for
just cause and has not been given an assignment within two
(2) years after such relief shall be retired or separated.
Attrition by Demotion in Position or Rank
Any PNP personnel, civilian or uniformed who is
relieved and assigned to a position lower than that
established for his or her grade in the PNP staffing pattern
and who shall not be assigned to a position commensurate to
his or her grade within eighteen (18) months after such
demotion in position shall be retired or separated.
Attrition by Non-Promotion
39
incapacity
to
perform
d)
failure to pass the required entrance examinations
twice and/or finish the required career courses except for
justifiable reasons.
Rationalization of Promotion System
Within six (6) months after the effectivity of this
Act, the Commission shall establish a system of promotion
for uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP which
shall be based on merits and on the availability of vacant
positions in the PNP staffing pattern. Such system shall be
gender fair and shall ensure that women members of the PNP
shall enjoy equal opportunity for promotion as that of men.
40
41
42
has
no
pending
administrative
or
d)
he or she have at least three (3) more years in
the service before reaching the compulsory retirement age
and at least a year before his or her maximum tenure in
position.
Rationalization of Retirement and Separation Benefits
The
Commission
shall
formulate
a
rationalized
retirement and separation benefits schedule and program
within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act for
approval by Congress. Provided, that the approved schedule
and program shall have retroactive effect in favor of PNP
members and officers retired or separated from the time
specified in the law, unless the retirement or separation
is for cause and the decision denies the grant of benefits.
43
b)
investigate complaints
support of an open investigation;
and
gather
evidence
in
c)
conduct summary hearings on PNP members facing
administrative charges;
d)
submit a periodic report on the assessment,
analysis, and the evaluation of the character and behavior
of the PNP personnel and units to the Chief PNP and the
Commission;
e)
file appropriate criminal cases against PNP
members before the court as evidence warrants and assist in
the prosecution of the cases;
d)
provide assistance to the Office of the Ombudsman,
in cases involving the personnel of the PNP;
The IAS shall also conduct, motu
investigation of the following cases;
a)
firearm;
propio,
automatic
b)
incidents where death, serious physical injury, or
any violation of human rights occurred in the conduct of a
police operation;
c)
incidents where evidence was compromised, tampered
with, obliterated, or lost while in the custody of police
personnel;
d)
incidents where a suspect in the custody of the
police was seriously injured; and
e)
incidents
where
the
engagement have been violated.
established
rules
of
Finally,
the
IAS
shall
provide
documents
or
recommendations as regards to the promotion of the members
of the PNP or the assignment of PNP personnel to any key
position.
Organization of IAS
44
45
46
limits,
suspension
or
forfeiture
of
salary
or
any
combination thereof, for a period not exceeding fifteen (15)
days;
2) Mayors of cities and municipalities, where the
offense is punishable by withholding of privileges,
restriction to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of
salary, or any combination thereof, for a period of not less
than sixteen (16) days but not exceeding thirty (30) days;
3) Peoples Law Enforcement Board, as created under
Section 43 hereof, where the offense is punishable by
withholding of privileges, restriction to specified limits,
suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any combination
thereof, for a period exceeding thirty (30) days or by
dismissal;
The commission shall provide in its implementing rules
and regulations a scale of penalties to be imposed upon any
member of the PNP under this section.
Internal Discipline
On dealing with minor offenses involving internal
discipline found to have been committed by any regular
member of their respective commands, the duly designated
supervisors and equivalent officers of the PNP shall, after
due notice and summary hearing, exercise disciplinary powers
as follows:
1) Chief of Police or equivalent supervisors may
summarily impose the administrative punishment of admonition
or reprimand; restriction to specified limits, withholding
of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; or any of
the combination of the foregoing. Provided, that, in all
cases, the total period shall not exceed fifteen (15) days;
2) Provincial directors or equivalent supervisors may
summarily impose administrative punishment of admonition or
reprimand; restriction to specified limits: withholding of
privileges, forfeiture of salary or suspension; or any of
the combination of the foregoing. Provided, that, in all
cases, the total period shall not exceed thirty (30) days;
47
3) Police
regional
directors
or
equivalent
supervisors shall have the power to impose upon any member
the disciplinary punishment of dismissal from the service.
He may also impose the administrative punishment of
admonition of reprimand; restrictive custody; withholding of
privileges; suspension or forfeiture of salary; demotion; or
any combination of the foregoing. Provided, that, in all
cases, the total period shall not exceed sixty (60) days;
4) The Chief of the PNP shall have the power to
impose upon any member the disciplinary punishment of
dismissal from the service; suspension or forfeiture of
salary; or any combination thereof for a period not
exceeding one hundred eighty (180) days. Provided, further,
that the chief of the PNP shall have the authority to place
police personnel under restrictive custody during the
pendency of a grave administrative case filed against him or
even after the filing of a criminal complaint, grave in
nature, against such police personnel.
Exclusive Jurisdiction
A complaint or a charge filed against a PNP member
shall be heard and decided exclusively by the disciplining
authority who has acquired original jurisdiction over the
case and notwithstanding the existence of concurrent
jurisdiction as regards the offense. Provided, that offenses
which carry higher penalties shall be referred to the
appropriate authority which has jurisdiction over the
offense.
For purpose of this Act, a minor offense shall refer
to any act or commission not involving moral turpitude, but
affecting the internal discipline of the PNP, and shall
include, but not limited to:
1)
2)
Insubordination;
3)
4)
48
5)
49
50
refer
to
the
utilization
of
units
or
51
52
b)
Abuse of authority;
c)
53
54
c)
when the respondent is in a position to tamper the
evidence.
d)
when the respondents is in a position to unduly
influence the witnesses.
Any superior who fails to act on any request for
suspension without valid grounds shall be held liable for
serious neglect of duty.
55
REVIEW QUESTIONS
POLICE ORGANIZATION & ADMINISTRATION
==================================================================
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each of the following
questions
1.
It is known as the Philippine National Police Reform and
Reorganization Act of 1988.
A.
C.
RA 8515
RA 8155
B
D.
RA 8551
RA 8115
2.
One of the roles of PNP shall through __________ and
performance of its ordinary functions support the AFP on matters
involving suppression of insurgency.
A.
C.
information gathering B.
internal security
D.
intelligence gathering
counter-insurgency
3.
The NAPOLCOM is composed of a Chairperson, four (4) regular
Commissioners, and the Chief, PNP is __________.
A.
Executive Officer
B.
C.
Regular Commissioner
4.
The NAPOLCOM shall
__________ over the PNP.
A.
C.
exercise
operational control
employ and deploy
B.
D.
Ex-Officio
Chairperson
D.
Ex-Officio Member
administrative
control
and
administrative supervision
operational supervision
5.
No person shall be appointed regular Commissioners of the
NAPOLCOM, EXCEPT.
A.
C.
6.
The term of office of the four (4) regular Commissioners
upon appointment by the President is for a term of __________
years without reappointment or extension.
A.
C.
B.
D.
56
7.
In case of absence due to temporary incapacity of
Chairperson, NAPOLCOM, who will serve as the Chairperson?
A.
C.
DILG Secretary
Regular Commissioner
B.
D.
the
Executive Officer
Ex-Officio Member
8.
Any superior officer who fails to act on the request made by
the PLEB for the suspension of subordinate police personnel can
be held liable for what particular administrative cases.
A.
C.
9.
neglect of duty
in-action
B.
D.
conduct unbecoming
serious neglect of duty
B.
D.
10. The three (3) other members of the PLEB shall be chosen by
the local __________ from among the respected members of the
community known for their probity and integrity.
A.
C.
Sanguniang Panglunsod B.
Peace & Order Council D.
Sanguniang Pambayan
Local Executives
ABC Captain
man
B.
D.
Councilor
woman
12. The term of office of the PLEB shall be for a period of how
many years.
A.
C.
B.
D.
Chief of Police
IAS
B.
D.
Provincial Director
PLEB
employment
employ
B.
D.
deploy
deployment
of
57
operational control
all of the above
b.
d.
operational supervision
non of the above
Womens Desk
Complain Desk
B.
D.
Childrens Desk
Desk Officer
15%
10%
B.
D.
20%
5%
30 days
90 days
B.
D.
60 days
120 days
NAB
NAPOLCOM
B.
D.
RAB
DILG
NAB
NAPOLCOM
B.
D.
RAB
DILG
B.
D.
58
22. For how many days can a member of the PNP who will undergo
on absence without official leave be dismissed immediately in the
police service.
A.
C.
15 days
30 days or more
B.
D.
30 days
16 days of more
NAPOLCOM
PLEB
B.
D.
Chief, PNP
Regional Director
major offenses
neglect of duty
B.
D.
minor offenses
serious offenses
complaint
citizens complaint
B.
D.
information
minor offenses
26. The complaint against any members of the IAS can be brought
to the NAPOLCOM and to the __________.
A.
C.
Inspector General
Ombudsman
B.
D.
Chief, PNP
Sandiganbayan
27. How many days can a decisions rendered by the Provincial IAS
be forwarded to the Regional IAS for review.
A.
C.
10 days
15 days
Inspector General
NAPOLCOM
B.
D.
20 days
30 days
Regional
B.
D.
IAS
can
be
appealed
Chief, PNP
Internal Affairs Office
President
B.
Chairperson, NAPOLCOM D.
Secretary, SILG
Commission on Appointment
59
10 years
15 years
B.
D.
5 years
20 years
recommended by RD
graduate of law
B.
D.
masters degree
political interference
graduate of law
recommended by PD
B.
D.
masters degree
political interference
C.
D.
recommended by PD
political interference
B.
D.
Licensed Criminologists
lateral entrants
35. Any PNP uniformed personnel who has been relieved for just
cause and has not been given assignment within two (2) years
after such relief shall be retired or separated, and that is.
A.
C.
attrition by relief
B.
attrition by demotion D.
36. Any PNP personnel with at least five (5) years of active
service shall be separated based on inefficiency, incapacity or
failure to pass the required entrance examination, and that is.
A.
C.
attrition by relief
B.
attrition by demotion D.
60
37. Any PNP personnel who has not been promoted for a continuous
period of ten (10) years shall be retired or separated in the
police service, and that is.
A.
C.
attrition by relief
B.
attrition by demotion D.
attrition by relief
B.
attrition by demotion D.
entrance
all of the above
B.
D.
promotional
non of the above
B.
D.
B.
D.
42. The maximum tenure of officer of the Chief, PNP, DCA, DCO,
CDS and Directorial Staffs is how many years.
A.
C.
B.
D.
44.
B.
D.
61
50%
75%
B.
D.
80%
90%
50%
75%
B.
D.
80%
90%
46. PNP personnel are entitled for ______ to any position whose
rank is lower that which is required for such position, after six
(6) months of occupying such position.
A.
C.
rank adjustment
promotion
B.
D.
rank re-classification
demotion
conspicuous courage
bravery
are
the
promotional exam.
pending cases
B.
D.
heroism
commendable deeds
qualifications
B.
D.
for
the
regular
career schooling
time-in-grade
50%
75%
B
D.
25%
100%
51.
A.
local government
B.
provincial government
C.
municipal government D.
national government
It is defines as the process of directing and controlling
62
so
that
organizational
police management
management function
B.
D.
objective
can
be
police supervision
police leadership
police management
management function
B.
D.
police supervision
police leadership
directing
organizing
B.
D.
staffing
planning
directing
organizing
B.
D.
staffing
planning
directing
organizing
B.
D.
staffing
planning
directing
organizing
B.
D.
staffing
planning
58.
A.
C.
reporting
coordinating
That
is
keeping
B.
D.
those
to
budgeting
management function
whom
the
police
executive
is
63
reporting
coordinating
B.
D.
budgeting
management function
reporting
coordinating
B.
D.
budgeting
management function
organization
structure
B.
D.
organizational structure
staffing pattern
B.
D.
functional type
staffing pattern
B.
D.
functional type
staffing pattern
B.
D.
functional type
staffing pattern
65.
delegation of work
unity of command
B.
D.
span of control
division of work
64
organizational
authority.
A.
C.
structure
should
delegation of work
unity of command
provide
B.
D.
clear-cut
channels
of
span of control
division of work
delegation of work
unity of command
B.
D.
span of control
division of work
delegation of work
unity of command
B
D.
span of control
division of work
68. This
principle
involves
the
practice
of
delegation
contribute to the development of subordinates to perform the
supervisors job in the boss absence or when the boss is unable
to act.
A
C.
exception principle
leadership ability
exception principle
leadership ability
70. This principle requires that the person to whom work has
been assigned through the delegation process is to complete it.
A.
C.
exception principle
leadership ability
72.
management
supervision
B.
D.
leadership
control & direction
65
command presence
management
B.
D.
leadership
supervision
RA 6975
RA 6957
B.
D.
RA 9675
RA 9675
B.
D.
civilian in character B.
govern by the mayor
D.
administered by NAPOLCOM
decentralized policing
local government
public safety
B.
D.
fire protection
peace and order
B.
D
79.
1:1,000
1:2,000
B.
D.
1:500
1:1,500
These are vested in the Chief, PNP who shall have the power
66
B.
D.
80. The city and municipal mayors has the power to choose from a
list of how many eligibles recommended by the provincial
director, prior designation as chief of police.
A.
C.
81.
5
4
B.
D.
3
6
B.
D.
82. The head of the PNP shall have the position title of the
Chief, PNP, and who shall have the rank of _________.
A.
C.
Chief Superintendent B.
Dep. Director General D.
Director
Director General
Provincial Director
Provincial Head
B.
D.
Provincial Superintendent
Provincial Chief of Police
Regional Director
Regional Head
B.
D.
Regional Superintendent
Regional Chief of Police
Station Commander
Police Supervisor
b.
d.
Chief of Police
Municipal Police Head
President
Regional Director
Police
Inspector
to
B.
D.
Police
Chief, PNP
DILG
Superintendent
are
being
67
President
Regional Director
B.
D.
Chief, PNP
DILG
Inspector
Senior Inspector
B.
D.
Chief Inspector
Senior Police Officer IV
President
Regional Director
B.
D.
Chief, PNP
DILG
Police Director
B.
Police Superintendent D.
91. The compulsory retirement age for the officers and members of
the PNP shall be upon the attainment of what age.
A.
C.
50 years
65 years
B.
D.
46 years
56 years
92. The optional retirement for the officers and members of the
PNP is upon accumulation of how many years of satisfactory
service.
A.
C.
30 years
15 years
B.
D.
10 years
20 years
16 - 30 days
31 60 days
B.
D.
1- 15 days
61 180 days
68
many days.
A.
C.
16 - 30 days
31 60 days
B.
D.
1- 15 days
61 180 days
16 - 30 days
31 60 days
B.
D.
1- 15 days
61 180 days
16 - 30 days
31 60 days
B.
D.
1- 15 days
61 180 days
97. The city/municipal mayor has the power to choose from a list
of how many eligibles recommended by the provincial director prior
designation as provincial director.
A.
C.
5
4
B.
D.
3
6
16 - 30 days
31 60 days
B
D.
1 - 15 days
61 180 days
99. The PLEB was given disciplinary power to impose the following
administrative penalties, EXECPT.
A.
C.
dismissal
demotion
B.
D.
suspension
restriction
100. The provincial governor has the power to choose from a list
of how many eligibles recommended by the regional director, prior
designation as provincial director.
A.
C.
5
4
B.
D.
3
6
69
P A R T II
POLICE INTELLIGENCE & SECRET SERVICE
70
CHAPTER
5
HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE
===========================================================
Introduction
The history of the military and police intelligence
provides some interesting insights, for it appears that only
rarely does an untried intelligence concept come. The artful
employers of intelligence agents have been a legion. We
could never possibly count them all, and probably, the
greatest of them are unknown to history. Historians, in
their greatman treatment of history have somewhat
neglected the commanders of the secret, invisible army of
intelligence agents which have had a profound effect on the
course of events.
Early Intelligence Personalities
The following are some of the early personalities, who
immensely contributed in the field of police operational
intelligence.
1.
Moses
71
Akbar
By
means
of
remarkably
devised
operations
of
intelligence, the Mongul emperor of India regulated a vast
and populous realm having the utmost social and religious
complexity. Akbar as the Great Mongul, with no pressing
anxiety about his neighbors or interest in espionage beyond
his own frontiers. This sagacious master of Hindustan
employed more than four thousands agents for the sole
purpose of bringing him the truth that his throne might rest
upon it.
4.
Genghis Khan
72
Common Spies
Double Spies
Spies of Consequences
Intimidated Spies
forced
to
undertake
espionage
73
6.
Many Others
74
75
CHAPTER
6
INTRODUCTION TO POLICE INTELLIGENCE
===========================================================
Definition of Police Intelligence
It is the product resulting from the collection,
evaluation, analysis, integration, and interpretation of all
available information which concerns on or more aspects of
criminal activity, and which is immediately and potentially
significant to police planning.
Definition of Information
It is an evaluated material of every description
including those derived from observation, reports, rumors,
imagery, and other sources from which intelligence is
derived.
Major Categories of Intelligence
1.
Strategic Intelligence
Counter-Intelligence
76
Line Intelligence
of
of
77
Accuracy of Information
1
Confirmed Information
2
Probably True
3
Possibly True
4
Doubtfully True
5
Cannot Be Judge
78
Meaning
Direct Observation by the Police Executive
Penetration and/or Resident Agent
AFP Troops and PNP Personnel
Tactical Interrogation of Captured Enemy
Government Civilian Employee
Members of the Populace
Documentary Analysis
79
Suitability
Multiplicity
Balance
Within
the
time
limits
imposed
by
other
considerations, the collection workload must be balanced
from among the collection agencies. Balance is
a
minor
consideration when compared with the importance of other
factors.
4)
Capability
80
2.
Integration or Recording
Evaluation
81
3)
the
any
and
the
the
82
Messages
Personal Contact
Intelligence Documents
83
1)
2)
3)
Determination
of
those
enemy
activities
or
characteristics of the area of operations which could
indicate the answers to the intelligence requirements, and
to determine the specific items of information.
4)
Selection of collection agencies to be employed
and issuance of necessary order and request for the
collection of information.
5)
84
Assessment
Integration
Is
the
breakdown
assessed
intelligence
and/or
information and integrate it into its corresponding group.
3.
Deduction
Intelligence Journal
85
and
concise
statement
of
message,
2)
A notation of the sender or individual making the
report, to include unit duty position.
3)
The time of receipt or dispatch, and method of
transmission.
4)
Action actually taken as a result, to include
dissemination given to reports or information received and
other internal recording means.
2.
Intelligence Workbook
Situation Map
unit identification;
2)
unit dispositions;
3)
boundaries,
4)
location of weapons;
5)
6)
7)
86
2)
To provide a basis for comparison in order to
determine the significance of newly received data pertaining
to the enemy forces.
3)
To provide a background for and basis
briefings, and other required intelligence reports.
4)
To
provide
the
basis
for
graphically portray the enemy situation.
overlays
5)
To assist in the determination
movement of insurgent forces.
of
for
which
patterns
of
6)
To focus attention on possible intelligence gaps
which require re-direction of the collection effort.
The secondary intelligence use of the situation map is
to postdirectly on it in its marginsthe following
information:
1)
computations
strength;
of
enemy
personnel
and
weapons
2)
3)
4)
5)
Intelligence Files
87
Journal File
88
Mission
Area of Operation
It
describes
the
syndicate
organization
and/or
subversive structure, and its recent criminal activities
within that area or underlying areas.
4.
Conclusions
Liaison Activities
1.
In General
89
Specific Assignments
Press Liaison
News Clipping
2.
De-Briefing Activities
90
off duty can have access to it. The ground rules for its use
may vary. On, an intelligence analyst with a format in mind
may conduct one or two minute interviews with personnel
going off duty at a centralized location. Multiply this
activity by each precincts and the usable product may be
surprising, particularly after an orientation period has
past.
Use of Intelligence
A weekly intelligence summary is probably the most
common intelligence product available for use. The format
for this summary will vary widely, however this could
include the following:
1)
in general terms a summary of organized crimes
activities;
2)
subversive
police operations;
activities
that
will
affect
general
3)
minority activity, gang activities, particularly
juveniles;
4)
5)
6)
91
CHAPTER
7
SURVEILLANCE AND CASING
===========================================================
Conducting
surveillance
and
casing
is
generally
expensive. Indeed to be successful, considerable resources
in the form of work-hours, equipment, and time must be
invested. Given certain conditions, however, it may be the
only means by which particular information can be obtained.
The lore of surveillance is based for the most part on
three perspectives. One view is the result of the private
eyes experience in divorce case, in which a relatively
simple, one-on-one observation is feasible. Another is that
of the street smart intelligence operative who learns from
tailing professional criminals of the elaborate precautions
they take to shake off the police. The third and most
sophisticated derives from the experience of intelligence
operatives surveilling espionage agents who have been
trained to detect and then loose anyone thought to be
following them.
The following treatment will reflect all three
perspectives in varying degrees. Regardless of the types of
surveillance, whether it pertains to individual or location,
certain concepts are fundamental to all. Yet in the same
breath, it must be remembered that surveillance can produce
rapidly changing situations which require the application of
the best of imaginations. Few mistakes can be permitted as
the stakes are many times quite high.
Definitions of Terms
To understand the literature or participate in a
surveillance,
the
intelligence
operatives
should
be
conversant with the terms and jargons of the field.
92
follow
and
keep
under
surveillance;
or
suspected
of
being
93
Tactics
94
Loose Surveillance
Close Surveillance
Planning
95
3.
Preparation
Familiarization
Equipment
96
Blending-In
One-Man Method
97
Leaf-Frog Method
Group Method
98
Exterior Casing
Interior Casing
99
CHAPTER
8
COVER AND UNDERCOVER OPERATIONS
===========================================================
Cover and undercover operations represents another
means by which intelligence and information is collected;
these techniques should be viewed in most cases as a
feasible way to reach as high into the criminal enterprise
as possible. Cover and undercover operations involve a
degree of specialization and training. However, it is
important to recognize that these intelligence operations
are perhaps the most dangerous in police work today.
Definition of Cover
It is a means by which individual, group or
organization conceals the true nature of its activities, and
existence from the observer. It is also a device or
stratagem by which the intelligence agents conceal his
identity, and his relationship with the intelligence
collection agencies.
It is used so that intelligence
agencies may operate with minimal interference from the
outside elements. By outside elements, it is means those
not having the Need-to-Know. Undercover is a person with
cover.
Functions of Cover
1.
Offensive
Defensive
facilitates
the
100
Natural Cover
Official Cover
A cover sponsored by an overt agency of a government.
6.
Non-Official Cover
Cover adopted
connection.
7.
by
person
free
of
any
official
Artificial Cover
101
Types of Cover
1.
Natural Cover
Artificial Cover
Multiple Cover
Any cover identity wished.
102
2.
Should device that not all personnel will work
together at the same time.
3.
Cover should be devoted to mission.
4.
Start with small organizational cover and provide
room for expansion as it continue to grow.
Guidelines When
Compromised
Cover
and
Organizational
Cover
is
move-out immediately;
2)
3)
4)
use circuitous route and provide careful countersurveillance; and
5)
2)
3)
4)
5)
grow;
Undercover Operations
Undercover operations have become a standard feature of
the contemporary police activities. This can take in many
forms, from an inconspicuous stranger who turns up to help a
103
demonstration, to a trained
many years working inside
operations can be launched
enforcement agencies, or by
and/or offices.
Deep Cover
Light Cover
104
the
level
of
which
investigation
is
2.
Developing appropriate cover story and cover, and
selection of qualified personnel.
3.
Considerations
of
all
undercover
operations
details to include documentation, briefing, coaching, and
rehearsing.
Types of Undercover Assignment
1.
Dwelling
Work Assignment
Social Assignment
Multiple Assignments
105
Cover Story
It is a biographical account, true or fictitious, or a
combination of truth or fiction which portrays the
undercover agents past history, and current status. This
may be a natural cover story, artificial cover story, and
combination of true or false personal data.
Factors to be Considered in Choosing a Cover Story
1.
Complete Background
Continuous Contact
Safe Departure
106
conclusion of
information.
the
investigation
and/or
collection
of
Long Range
Short Range
107
CHAPTER
9
INFORMANTS CULTIVATION AND MOTIVATION
===========================================================
Definition of Informant
It is an individual who openly or secretly obtain or
assists in obtaining information for intelligence and
counter-intelligence
purposes
in
exchange
for
some
recompense, monetary or otherwise.
Purposes of Informants in Intelligence Operations
1.
Gain access
intelligence.
to
areas
and
targets
inaccessible
2.
3.
to
Usefulness of Informants
The
reasons
individuals
furnish
information
to
intelligence operatives can be laudable as well as
nefarious. Whatever the reason, an informant is one who
furnishes intelligence that may:
1.
Prevent
committed.
crime
which
is
planned
but
not
yet
2.
Uncover a crime which has been committed, but has
not been discovered.
3.
108
4.
Locate the perpetrator
locate stolen property.
of
crime
or
help
to
5.
Exonerate a suspect.
6.
Categories of Informants
1.
Incidental Informants
Interviewees
Walk-ins or Volunteers
Unwitting Informants
109
2.
Casual Informant
Automatic Informants
Recruited Informants
Ordinary Informants
110
2)
Penetration Informants
Full-time Informants
Others
1)
Double Agents
Dual Agents
Individuals
who
are
simultaneously
and
independently employed by two or more friendly intelligence
units, and who do not show preference for either, and
normally motivated by material gain. When an informant is
determined to be dual agent, his services will normally be
terminated.
111
1.
Self-Serving Reasons
Cutting a Deal
Elimination of Competition
2.
Mercenary Reasons
112
Self-Aggrandizement
Emotions
Fear
113
2)
Repentance
Gratitude
Civic Duty
114
CHAPTER
10
COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS,
PERSONNEL AND DOCUMENTS SECURITY
===========================================================
Definition of Counter-Intelligence
That aspect of police intelligence activities relating
to all security measures, both offensive-active and
defensive-passive, designed to insure the safeguarding of
information, personnel, material, and installation against
espionage, sabotage, and subversive activities of foreign
power, and disaffected or dissident groups or individuals
that constitute threats to national security, and other
inimical foreign intelligence activities.
1)
Detection
Knowing the clandestine operation of the enemy.
2)
Prevention
Neutralization
Containment of enemy activities.
Passive-Defensive
115
Active-Offensive
Police Security
Civil Security
Special Operation
116
4.
Censorship
117
3)
Intelligence
Service,
Armed
Forces
of
the
Philippines (ISAFP) or J2 Division, General Headquarters,
Armed Forces of the Philippines (J2, GHQ, AFP);
4)
Directorate
for
Intelligence,
National
Headquarters, Philippine National Police (DI, NHQ, PNP);
5)
Criminal
Investigation
National Headquarters, Philippine
NHQ, PNP); and
6)
2.
and
Detection
National Police
Group,
(CIDG,
118
3.
3)
4)
5)
119
Final
Interim
Security Orientation
120
to
acquaint
themselves
with
the
security
rules
and
regulations of the office or unit and the importance of
observing them. They are also made aware of the security
practices and procedures in the office or unit.
2.
Security Indoctrination
Security Reminders
Security Promotion
Security Seminars
121
Top Secret
Secret
Confidential
122
Restricted
Information
and
material
which
requires
special
protection other than that determined to be TOP SECRET,
SECRET, or CONFIDENTIAL. Cover sheet is not necessary, what
is important is a bold RESTRICTED word at the top and at
the bottom of the bond paper.
Definition of Need-to-Know and Compartmentation
Need-to-know is the term given to the requirement that
dissemination of classified document and information be
limited strictly to those persons whose official duty
requires
knowledge
or
possession
thereof,
while
compartmentation is the granting of access to classified
document or information only to properly cleared persons
when such classified document or information is required in
the performance of their official duties, and restricting it
to specified physical confines when feasible.
Definition of Security Officer
A properly trained and cleared individual who assists
the
head
of
the
department
in
discharging
the
responsibilities of safeguarding classified documents and
materials.
Definition of Regrading or Declassify
The act of changing the assigned classification of a
document or material, and as part of the process, it
involves notification of cognizant authority.
Definition of Upgrading or Classify
to
123
124
REVIEW QUESTIONS
intelligence
information
B.
D.
police intelligence
military intelligence
2.
It is an evaluated material of every description including
those derived from observation, reports, rumors, imagery, and
other sources from which intelligence are derived.
A.
C.
classified matters
information
B.
D.
classified documents
reports and records
3.
These are intelligence data that are not of an immediate
value.
A.
C.
line intelligence
false intelligence
B.
D.
strategic intelligence
counter intelligence
4.
It is the exploration of sources of information by the
collection agencies, and the delivery of the information obtained
to proper intelligence unit.
A.
C.
collection
dissemination
B.
D.
processing
direction
5.
It is a repetitive process used to produce intelligence from
information.
A.
C.
intelligence effort
intelligence work
B.
D.
intelligence activity
intelligence cycle
6.
The reliability of the source is highly reliable and the
accuracy of information is confirmed information what will be
the evaluation rating of the information.
125
A.
C.
7.
A-1
C-3
B.
D.
B-2
D-4
Akbar
Genghis Khan
B.
D.
8.
It is in this phase of
information becomes intelligence.
A.
C.
collection
dissemination
B.
D.
cycle
in
which
processing
direction
9.
It includes the systematic exploitation of all sources of
information.
A.
C.
collection
processing
B.
D.
dissemination
direction
other information
requirements
orders and request
B.
D.
priority intelligence
requirements
intelligence indicator
collection
dissemination
B.
D.
processing
direction
informant operation
surveillance
B.
D.
undercover operation
intelligence activities
126
A.
C.
undercover
stakeout
B.
D.
shadow
convoy
15. The subject is kept under constant surveillance, and the aim
is not to loose him even at the risk of being made.
A.
C.
close surveillance
open surveillance
B.
D.
loose surveillance
mustard plaster
tailgaiting
mustard plaster
B.
D.
stakeout
technical surveillance
be made
shadow
B.
D.
burn out
convoy
intelligence journal B.
intelligence workbook D.
of
systematic
gratitude
emotions
B.
D.
civic duty
mercenary
informant
eye witness
B.
D.
source
intelligence asset
127
A.
C.
dual agents
informers
B.
D.
double agents
informants
surveillance
intelligence
B.
D.
cover assignment
undercover assignment
informer
eye witness
B.
D.
source
informant
B.
D.
personnel security
investigation
partial background
investigation
B.
D.
complete background
investigation
national and local
aqency check
restricted
secret
B.
D.
confidential
top secret
be made
burn out
B.
D.
128
A.
C.
U
W
B.
D.
V
X
documents
security clearance
B.
D.
classified matters
vital information
classify
classification
B.
D.
declassify
compartmentation
classify
classification
B.
D.
declassify
compartmentation
intel. operatives
security officer
B.
C.
undercover agent
confidential agents
compartmentation
cleared individuals
B.
D.
need-to-know
security officer
compartmentation
cleared individual
B.
D.
need-to-know
security officer
129
A.
C.
restricted
secret
B.
D.
confidential
top secret
restricted
secret
B.
C.
confidential
top secret
restricted
secret
B.
D.
confidential
top secret
classified document
information
B.
D.
document
material
classified document
information
B.
D.
document
material
counter-intelligence
strategic intel.
43. Counter
intelligence
information from enemy.
A.
C.
B.
D.
measures
active-offensive
counter-intelligence
B.
D.
line intelligence
intelligence
that
seek
to
conceal
passive-defensive
intelligence
police security
B.
civil security
130
C.
special operation
D.
censorship
police security
special operation
B.
D.
civil security
censorship
police security
special operation
B.
D.
civil security
censorship
police security
special operation
B.
D.
civil security
censorship
background invest.
counter-intelligence
B.
D.
personnel security
neighborhood check
Personnel Security
Investigation
Partial Background
Investigation
B.
D.
Complete Background
Investigation
all the above given
answers
51.
It is any position within the government, police, military,
the occupant of which could bring about by virtue of the position
a material adverse effect to national security.
A.
C.
sensitive position
security officer
B.
D.
confidential agent
intelligence authority
B.
131
C.
partial background
investigation
D.
complete background
investigation
B.
D.
B.
D.
background investigation
complete background
investigation
55. Consist
of
the
investigation
on
the
background
of
individual, particularly all the circumstances of his personal
life.
A.
C.
B.
D.
B.
D.
interim
security clearance
are
the
purpose
B.
D.
of
final
not of the above
police
intelligence
activity,
A.
to reduce error
B.
to conceal identify
C.
to increase accuracy D.
to help in decision making
59. It is primarily designed to enable the officer of unit to
achieve and maintain a sound and effective security system.
A.
C.
security educ.
scty. indoctrination
B.
D.
security orientation
security reminders
132
security education
scty. indoctrination
B.
D.
security orientation
security reminders
61.
A.
C.
62.
evaluation
interpretation
B.
D.
analysis
integration
and/or information.
A.
C.
63.
integration
evaluation
B.
D.
assessment
deduction
A.
C.
intelligence journal
situation map
B.
D.
intelligence files
intelligence workbook
close surveillance
loose surveillance
B.
D.
open surveillance
mustard plaster
close surveillance
loose surveillance
B.
D.
open surveillance
mustard plaster
tech. surveillance
directional finder
C.
D.
tailgaiting
protective custody
133
68. Its functions is to serve as the intelligence and counterintelligence operating unit of the Philippine National Police.
A.
C.
B.
D.
B.
D.
one-man method
mixed method
B.
D.
one-man method
mixed method
B.
D.
one-man method
mixed method
surveillance
stake out
B.
D.
casing
mustard plaster
news clipping
de-briefing
B.
C.
liaison activities
counter-intelligence
about his
conducting
A.
news clipping
B.
liaison activities
C.
de-briefing
C.
counter-intelligence
75. It is an important method of gathering intelligence data,
and this is an excellent source of highly valuable material.
A.
C.
news clipping
de-briefing
B.
C.
liaison activities
counter-intelligence
134
penet. informants
ordinary informants
B.
D.
penet. informants
ordinary informants
B.
D.
penet. informants
ordinary informants
B.
D.
natural cover
living ones over
B.
D.
natural cover
living ones over
B.
D.
81. Agents must make sure that every public action he takes
fits his assumed cover, and that a total picture presented to
others accurately reflects his cover.
A.
C.
natural cover
living ones over
natural cover
living ones over
B.
D.
fits
B.
D.
the
true
background
and
135
A.
C.
multiple cover
artificial cover
B.
D.
84. A cover using biographical data adopted for the purpose that
is fictitious.
A.
C.
multiple cover
artificial cover
B.
D.
continuous contact
safe departure
B.
D.
complete background
mutual interest
86. The cover story must include the material on all aspects of
the undercover agents previous background, regardless of whether
or not it is anticipated that this information will be required.
A.
C.
continuous contact
safe departure
B.
D.
complete background
mutual interest
motives
propinquity
B.
D.
chance
proximity
dwelling
personal contact
D.
D.
social assignment
work assignment
dwelling
personal contact
B.
D.
social assignment
work assignment
136
A.
C.
security clearance
compartmentation
B.
D.
background investigation
adjudication process
B.
D.
92.
automatic informants B.
incidental informants D.
who
is
being
bio-data
personal hist. statement
A.
C.
individual
positions
are
expected
or
casual informants
recruited informants
93.
A.
C.
automatic informants B.
incidental informants D.
casual informants
recruited informants
security education
scty. indoctrination
B.
D.
security orientation
security reminders
security education
scty. indoctrination
B.
D.
security orientation
security reminders
jealousy
B.
weakness of character D.
gullibility
serious indebtedness
137
A.
C.
jealousy
B.
weakness of character D.
gullibility
serious indebtedness
jealousy
B.
weakness of character D.
gullibility
serious indebtedness
100. It is someone from the enemy side held as prisoner while the
war is going on.
A.
C.
prisoners of war
internee
B.
D.
enemy intelligence
captives
138
P A R T III
PATROL ORGANIZATION & OPERATIONS
139
CHAPTER
11
INTRODUCTION TO POLICE PATROL
140
2)
3)
Criminal investigation;
4)
5)
Any element of line activity carried out by beat
patrol or field personnel.
Primary Purpose of Patrol
141
1.
The elimination of the actual opportunity or the
belief in the opportunity for successful misconduct is the
basic purpose of police patrol.
2.
A thiefs desire and capability to steal is not
diminished by the presence of a patrol officer, but the
opportunity for successful thief is negated.
3.
The apparent likelihood of arrest influences the
desire to which the potential offender is convinced that the
opportunity for successful misconduct is absent.
4.
Police patrol provides favorable influence more
completely than any other methods of police service.
5.
An impression of omni-presence is frequently
created by conspicuous patrol activities at every hour and
in all sections of the community.
6.
Suitable patrol activities succeeds in effecting
immediate apprehensions, and since nothing succeeds like
success, reputation for quick and certain apprehensions is
spread by the press, radio and the word of mouth.
7.
The potential offender is then persuaded without
the necessity of personal experience that the police patrol
activities is invulnerable.
Effective Patrol Operations
To be effective, modern patrol officers must perform
three (3) major sphere of activity-often simultaneously.
There is no inherent priority among these functions:
1.
They must handle calls for service. When the
service involves genuine emergency, the call must be handled
when demand is received.
2.
Patrol officer must participate in tactical
responses to apprehend perpetrators, to displace or disrupt
problem patterns. These tactics must be undertaken when the
chance of success are greatest.
142
3.
Patrol officer must engage in strategic-problem
solving efforts with the community. These must occur when
neighborhood residents, workers, community agencies, and
other players are available to meet and work with the police
officers which are not swamped by calls requiring immediate
response.
How effective an organization adjusts and re-adjusts
its emphasis and activities in light of this ever-shifting
array of demands and opportunities largely determines the
potential effectiveness of its overall patrol operations.
Indispensability of Patrol
Patrol tagged as the backbone of the police
organization. This often said statement is very true since
the patrol division is the only division in the police
organization that cannot be possibly eliminated.
This is
for the reason that the traditional police organization are
usually small that they could not have or can not justify,
separate division such as traffic, investigation, juvenile
and other specialized areas.
Their size and caseload requires that all duties and
functions shall be handled only by the Patrol Division. But
even in those departments which have specialized divisions,
the Patrol Division is often the only one that performs
twenty four (24) hours duty.
As the department grows to keep up with the increasing
population, expanding geographical boundaries, and diversity
of the jurisdiction, the authorities will be in to hire
office personnel to take over the secretarial and recordkeeping functions in order to free policeman for their field
of responsibilities.
As the department continues to grow, officers are taken
out of the field to specialize in traffic investigation and
control, juvenile victim and perpetrators, plainclothes
detective activities, and all other specialized functions,
all the while adding to the patrol force, replacements for
the specialists.
In the meantime, the patrol force
continues to exist as the principal functional unit or
backbone of the department. It is also an indispensable
143
To investigate offenses;
2)
3)
144
Reactive Patrol
Proactive Patrol
145
The
patrol
officer
is
the
ultimate
in
the
decentralization of police service.
He is the roving
government information and counter for the distress citizen
disgruntled by the inconvenience or trips to the government
offices, unsatisfactory telephone calls, and sometimes
apparent lack of attention to this complaint.
The constant availability and mobility of the patrol
officer make his services useful to other government
agencies, and he improves both public and interdependent
relationships by attending more immediately to citizens
needs.
The extent to which patrol officers will provide extra
police is determined by the local executives of the locality
and other of different government agencies.
When the essential character of patrol services is
understood, it is apparent that the patrol force is the
backbone of any police organization because of these
reasons:
1.
It is the only branch of police service that is
practically without limit in responsibility;
2.
Patrol service is able to perform other police
task if there is a need for special units;
3.
Patrol branch is indispensable and the unit which
carries this activity will continue to be the most important
single division of the police organization.
Police manpower is limited and increased specialization
usually results in a diminished patrol activities. Not only
are men drawn from patrol activities, but generally the most
competent are taken in the creation of specialized units.
In some instances, such action may be desirable, but the
indiscriminate transfer of the most capable patrol officer
from patrol to special units jeopardizes effective service.
Showing off competent patrol personnel by assigning
them to undercover and specialized positions will defect
both, while attempts to improve the image of the patrol
force.
146
Attractive Nuisances
Patrol Hazard
General Preparation
Pre-Patrol Preparation
147
In-Field Preparation
Orientation Tour
148
3.
149
of
congestion
and
to
relieve
it,
which
involves
investigation, and the five (5) Es of traffic management.
Factors that Determine Patrol Deployment
1.
Resident and transient populations, particularly
in the business sector, the university and tourist belt
areas. Some areas may double its population in the daytime
because of the transients while some may be virtually empty
during working hours on weekdays.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Locations of frequent incidents or hazards
requiring concentrated police coverage such as, sports
arenas,
stadium,
popular
nightspots,
bars,
theaters,
transportation terminals, or other places were people
usually gather.
6.
Disappropriate concentration of population, such
as widely separated single family residence versus the
heavily concentrated dwellings in the depressed areas.
7.
Socio-economic factors, people from the high
income groups tend to stay away from home more often than
the low income groups which has preference or without any
choice but to stay at home.
8.
Zoning plan of the city, relative locations of
business, industrial, residential and other types of zoning.
By their nature, certain types of businesses and industries
call for higher volumes of police service.
can
be
suitably
150
2.
Separate the jurisdiction into very small segments
known as reporting districts to maintain complete records
on each districts.
3.
Group the
patrol districts.
reporting
districts
4.
Assign the patrol officers
proportionate needs of the districts.
to
into
the
contiguous
indicated
151
2.
To give relief information as the circumstances
requires.
3.
These are accomplished by active patrol on the
street in all areas and particularly those areas where crime
frequently occur.
An active patrol force in the locality
open guarantees an orderly government, carried out, if
possible by persuasion, if necessary by force.
Objectives of Patrol Force
The function of the police organization and its basic
purpose may be classified under six (6) headings:
1.
Prevention of crime.
2.
3.
Apprehension of criminal.
4.
5.
6.
152
Answering Calls
153
Investigation on Patrol
Arrest of Offenders
Preparation of Reports
154
Testifying in Court
traffic
155
6.
To what extent will the officers be responsible
for building security in their districts that necessitate
their being away from their patrol units for extended
periods of time?
7.
How much of the public relations function of the
department will directly involved the patrol officers?
8.
What will be the reporting responsibilities of the
patrol officers?
9.
How will priorities be established
precedence to certain types of calls over others?
to
give
2.
3.
4.
Locations and number of attractive nuisances,
including abandoned wells and mines, deserted buildings,
swimming pools, open holes, woods and sandpits.
5.
6.
Male female
unmarried population.
7.
Homogeneity
populations.
ratios
and/or
and
married
mixture
8.
Modes
of
transportation
transportation terminals.
and
couples
of
versus
cultural
location
of
156
9.
Restaurants
clientele, and hours.
and
theaters;
volume
and
types
of
Foot Patrol
Horse Patrol
157
Bicycle Patrol
Motorcycle Patrol
Air Patrol
158
7.
Mobile Patrol
Fixed Surveillance
159
CHAPTER
12
PATROL STRATEGIES AND TACTICS
===========================================================
Patrol Strategies in Crime Prevention
If the police are to continue to fulfill their basic
responsibilities to prevent crime and apprehend criminals,
which are the primary goals of patrol activities, then they
must continue to search for new and more effective
strategies.
Police department whether large or small, perform
patrol functions in many different ways and through the use
of a variety of methods.
No single patrol strategy will
work well in all cases or in every police jurisdiction
because their choice of particular patrol strategy, or
combination of strategies, to be applied will depend upon,
the following:
1.
The resources of the department involving men,
money and property.
2.
The particular crime problems, according to time
and place.
3.
4.
The imagination and determination of the police
executive and patrol officers on developing patrol programs
to meet the needs of his department and the community.
While it is true that the patrol officer cannot detect
the thinking desire of the criminal, yet, he can destroy the
opportunity to commit a crime by his ever presence patrol
strategy the psychological atmosphere of omni-presence.
160
Financial constraint.
2.
Lack of interest on the part of police executives,
administrators, commanders to initiate programs to improve
crime prevention techniques.
3.
The thinking of contemporary police officials are
more concerned on the glamorous crime fighting rather than
crime preventing.
161
162
2.
Natural or man-made barriers, rivers, railroad,
tracks, major thoroughfares, bridges, buildings, etc. to
serve as boundaries.
3.
4.
The number of patrol officers to be assigned at
any one time.
5.
Different characteristics within the area such as
residential, commercial, financial, crime density, etc.
Considerations in Determining the Size of the Beat
1.
2.
3.
area.
3.
The patrol officer can actually get to know the
physical layout of his beat later.
4.
He can get to know the people on his beat better,
and can develop criminal informants easier.
5.
A foot patrol officer can sneak up on a situation
where a patrol car is easily noticed when it approaches.
163
6.
By use of two-way radios, the foot patrol officer
can maintain communications with the station and mobile
patrol units.
Foot Patrol Procedures and Techniques
1.
2.
When checking doors for forced entry, use
flashlights on the area around the lock to see if there are
fresh or noticeable latent prints.
3.
4.
At least once a night use the fire escape to check
the roofs in the commercial districts for possible cutthrough or roof-jobs as they sometimes happen.
5.
Since criminals need some device to assist them in
gaining entry, the foot patrol officers should be very alert
for boxes, ropes and ladders that might have been used to
gain access to a roof.
6.
At night, foot patrol officer should occasionally
step into an alley or store entrance, and get out of the
light as much as possible.
7.
8.
During bad weather condition, foot patrol officer
must also walk his beat, taking into considerations his
state of health by having with him the necessary clothing
and individual equipment.
9.
A foot patrol officer should make a conscious
effort to make friends on the beat, not only for good
police-community relations but to develop informants.
10. The foot patrol officer should never smoke while
in uniform on the street, nor should he chew gum.
11.
164
165
3.
166
4.
It permits the patrol officer to carry necessary
equipment and clothing.
5.
The mobile car allows patrol officer to have a
partner when needed.
6.
In case of large patrol vehicle, it can be used as
emergency ambulance when disaster occurs, it can carry
larger pieces of evidences.
7.
blocks.
4.
5.
road.
6.
The license plate numbers of
suspicious vehicles should be noted down.
all
strange
or
7.
Make it a habit not to leave the keys in the
mobile car.
8.
When working at nights, it is good idea to have
small snacks.
9.
Since we are creatures of habit, a patrol officer
must make it a habit to use seat belts at all times.
10. The patrol officer should learn the whereabouts of
all safes, safelights and outside lock of his beat.
167
168
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rescue and first aid equipment, including fire
extinguisher.
169
7.
6.
On quiet nights the driver can have someone to
talk to and help keep him awake.
Advantages of One Man Patrol Cars
1.
The preventive enforcement is doubled by having
twice as many police cars on the street.
2.
When the officer is alone, he devotes his full
attention to his driving and the beat rather than to the
conversation with his partner.
3.
In a two man car, the officers begin to rely on
each other, and a result of human error, an officer expects
support when it isnt there.
4.
In the two man car, an officer will take more
chances than if they are alone.
5.
170
Park Patrol
Beach Patrol
Horses have been used for parade and crowd control for
centuries.
The height and size of horses has a strong
psychological advantage in dealing with unruly mobs.
Advantages of Air Patrol
1.
service.
2.
Improved
response
time
to
emergency
calls
for
171
2.
Fogs and night or intermittent clouds might affect
the vision.
3.
This type of patrol requires special skills and
training.
4.
There is danger from high tension wires, trees and
similar objects.
5.
6.
Pilots are suffering from fatigue, and must work
shorter periods of time than regular shifts.
7.
8.
repair.
Refueling problems.
Special facilities are required for housing and
9.
There are many tactical problems to overcome such
as location of police units on ground and the exact
locations or address of the police stations from the air.
10. Adverse public reaction due to fear of spying
from the sky or just simple objection of the noise
involved.
11. Criminals
surprise is lost.
can
see
the
helicopter
coming
and
172
4.
It is also being effectively used by plain clothes
patrol officers for surveillance in high crime areas wherein
the officers wear non-descript clothes to blend with the
apparel commonly worn by criminals and hoodlums.
Bay and River Patrol
1.
Marine or water patrol units, aside from being
highly specialized form of police patrol, it is likewise
expensive to maintain,
2.
The objective was to use the watercraft in the
anti-smuggling operation along rivers and bays, as well as
against robberies committed on bonded warehouse located
along the river bank.
3.
However, because the expenses occurred in
operation and maintenance it did not compensate
advantages, police-wise it becomes inoperative.
Necessity
Patrol
of
Foot
Patrol
its
the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Supervision is simplified.
Promotional device.
2.
Physical and domestic welfare of patrol personnel
requires that they works regular hours.
3.
Permanent
shifts
greatly
facilitate
having
different numbers of men in its shift in proportion to work
load.
173
4.
Most efficient patrol service is attained by the
patrol officers until such time as the quality and the need
for his service justify his transfer.
Duties and Responsibilities of Beat Patrol Officers
1.
He shall be ready at all times to perform his
duties and obey the lawful orders of his superior officers
or higher authority.
2.
He shall be responsible for the efficient
performance of his duties and adequate coverage of his beat
or post.
3.
He shall cooperate and coordinate with other
members of his relief, district or other division segments
so that their teamwork may insure continuity of purpose and
maximum achievement of the objectives of the department.
4.
He shall be available for duty at all times in
case of special needs and emergencies.
5.
He shall respond readily and report punctually to
all his assignments.
6.
He
shall
familiarize
himself
administrative and operational policies of
station.
with
all
the police
7.
He shall execute the service program within his
area
of
responsibility
providing
crime
prevention,
protection
of
life
and
property,
apprehension
and
prosecution of offenders, preservation of peace and
enforcement of regulatory measures.
8.
He shall be in prescribed uniform and have the
required equipment whenever he reports for duty.
9.
He shall be attentive to instructions and record
information given during the briefing or roll call training
and shall likewise record his activities during his tour of
duty in the prescribed manner.
174
175
176
177
2.
Unless otherwise directed, he shall report for
roll call at his station at the prescribed time. He shall
report hourly to the base control operator of such time as
may be assigned by his superior officer.
3.
He shall patrol his assigned beat
paying particular attention to critical areas.
regularly,
4.
He shall exercise judgment and care with due
regard to the safety of life and property when responding to
an emergency call.
5.
He shall be in proper uniform when on duty, unless
otherwise directed by his commander.
6.
He shall perform
assigned to him by his
authority.
as may be
or higher
178
CHAPTER
13
TECHNIQUES IN PURSUIT OPERATIONS
===========================================================
Introduction
Protection of life and property, which applies to
pursuit operations, included the lives of and property of
the individual being pursued, the officer, and any innocent
people who might become involved in a traffic accident a
direct result of the hot-pursuit operations. At sometime
during the pursuit operations, it may be necessary to
abandon the pursuit operations to uphold this police
responsibility. Consider also the likelihood that the driver
of the pursued vehicle will slow down to a normal speed once
he makes good his escape. Or will continue to jeopardize the
life of everyone who gets his way. There are many times when
circumstances may dictate the abandonment of the pursuitoperations.
Advantages of Patrol Officer in Pursuit Operations
1.
Police communications for tactical operations such
as interceptions and roadblocks can be made available.
2.
Numerical superiority.
3.
The officer has a better knowledge of the streets
and the general area.
4.
The officer has more experience and skill at high
speed driving.
179
Notify
headquarters
immediately
when
the
chase
2.
Weigh the seriousness of the violations against
the possibility of wrecking the police car and causing self
injury.
3.
Do not actually begin the chase until the safety
belt is on the secure.
4.
Dont pursue a vehicle if you are carrying
passengers or prisoners unless it is in dire emergency.
5.
Dont make quick starts or dig-out when first
starting a chase.
6.
When not actually accelerating, keep your foot on
top of the brake without depressing it.
7.
Take into consideration the condition of the road,
the degree of traffic and the weather when chasing a
suspected vehicle.
180
8.
Plan
when
a
car
is
intersection that is approached.
entering
each
blind
9.
Keep radio control informed of each change in
direction so that other police cars may be directed to a
proper interception.
10. Dont use the siren unless you are the immediate
chasing car.
11. Dont accelerate on oil slicks, ice or slippery
parts of the road.
12. If you have partner, let him do the radio
broadcasting, have him sweep the approaching intersections
with the spot light if it is at night.
13. When approaching another vehicle from behind, slow
down gradually before actually arriving just behind him.
14. Give all cars ahead plenty of forewarning when you
are about to pass them.
15. If at all possible, avoid passing other vehicles
at intersections.
16.
181
2.
3.
4.
If it is at night, turn-on spotlight on the
subject rear view mirror only when the vehicle was stopped.
Procedures in Approaching the Stopped Vehicle
1.
182
2.
Check the back seat and the floorboard during the
approach.
3.
If it is at night, the flashlight should be held
in the club position than the carrying position.
4.
Stop just before the doorpost and check for the
ignition key.
5.
First Method
Second Method
183
Third Method
a)
Driver, lay
steering wheel, palms up.
both
hands
on
top
of
the
b)
You in the front right, put your hands on
the windshield, palms against the glass.
c)
You in the rear seat, lay your hands on the
back of the front seat, palms up.
d)
All of you, keep looking straight ahead.
Dont move until told to do so.
Immobilizing the Suspects Vehicle
1.
184
2)
Step 2:
Order the driver slowly move his right
hand from the steering wheel and out the window to open the
door from the outside with his right hand. This puts him in
physical disadvantages.
3)
Step 3:
Order the driver to put his right hand
back on top of the steering wheel.
4)
Step 4: Order the driver to slowly reach for the
keys with his left hand, and slowly drop them on the ground.
2.
Method 2:
Method 3:
To save time.
The Driver
185
Have the rear seat passengers put both hands out of the
door windows and open the doors from the outside with their
hands remaining on the outside. When their feet are on the
ground, have them raise their hands high and back out toward
you.
If the windows are rolled up, have the passenger in
the rear left side raise his left elbow and open the door
with his right hand. Then place both hands on top of the
front seat.
He can then back out in normal way.
The
passenger in the right rear seat should then slide over to
the left and repeat the process.
Definition of Handcuffs
It is a device to keep a person from using his arms,
usually of two steel bracelets, fined by a short chain and
fastened around the wrist.
Applying the Handcuffs
Handcuffs should be applied if
suspect is in the wall search position.
possible
when
the
Step 1:
Take the handcuffs in the closed, single
locked position, and grip them by the links with the left
hand so that the movable arm of the cuffs is on the bottom,
and keyhole is facing the subject.
Step 2: Tell the subject to put his right hand behind
his back with the back of his hands facing the body.
186
Step 8: Put your hand over his shoulder and pull him
back to a standing position.
Plastic Handcuffs
Few officers carry an extra pair of handcuffs, yet many
times an officer arrest more than one suspect.
In fact,
today multiple arrests are certainly more common than in the
past.
One answer to this problem is the plastic strip
handcuff.
This type of restraining device has many
advantages. First, it is relatively inexpensive, and can be
easily purchased by the police officers if the police
organization does not provide them. Secondly, they will fit
any person, wrist or ankle. There are occasions where the
suspect had such large wrist, then handcuffs would not fit.
Finally, they are very versatile in their application and
187
188
CHAPTER
14
COMMUNITY-ORIENTED POLICING SYSTEM
===========================================================
Community-Oriented Policing System:
189
2.
3.
4.
5.
Providing counseling
problems of residents.
service
on
troubles
and
Block Box
190
2.
Patrol
House Visitation
Street Questioning
Desk Watch
The policeman
complaints.
2.
will
sit
his
desk
and
entertain
Sitting Watch
at
outside
the
police
box
and
Patrolling
This will
191
4.
Community Organizer
The
policeman
will
assist
community
centeredorganizations that will aid in the prevention of crimes.
5.
Public Advocate
2)
Information relative to both safety and public
protection.
3)
192
REVIEW QUESTIONS
2.
This is done by patrolling the streets within the perimeter
of the beats, not at random, but with a definite target location
where he knows his presence is necessary.
A.
C.
clockwise pattern
criss-cross patterns
B.
D.
counter-clockwise pattern
free-wheeling pattern
3.
It suggest little more than inspectional activity, whether
carried out on foot, mobile or some other way.
A.
C.
patrol
patroullier
B.
D.
police
constable
4.
It is an alternative patrol system which means the assigning
of the field units in their respective area of responsibility
with prescribed objectives and verifiable tasks schedule of the
day.
A.
C.
proactive
mobile patrol
B.
D.
reactive
beat patrol
5.
This term is frequently used to describe a specific
condition or place that requires the patrol officers special
attention.
A.
C.
attractive nuisances
all of the above
B.
D.
patrol hazard
non of the above
193
6.
Its methods consist of the fixed post, line beat, and random
patrol, and it is the most expensive type of patrol.
A.
C.
mobile patrol
helicopter patrol
B.
D.
air patrol
foot patrol
7.
It is originated from the Greek word Politeia meaning
government of a city, and it is applies to civil officers and not
necessarily policeman.
A.
C.
patrol
patroullier
B.
D.
police
constable
8.
It is being used in many countries as a simple and
inexpensive means of patrol because of its mobility and stealth.
A.
C.
bicycle patrol
helicopter patrol
B.
D.
motorcycle patrol
mobile patrol
9.
The patrol officer to be seen alert and constant patrolling
so as to establish a highly visible police presence, hence, to
make his presence psychologically be felt in spite of his
physical absence, and this is called.
A.
B.
C.
D.
atmosphere of omni-presence
enhanced police visibility
extensive crime prevention and control
elimination of the elements of crime
criminal elements
attractive nuisances
B.
D.
patrol hazard
persons and things
police patrol
omni-presence
B.
D.
police visibility
police operation
bicycle
helicopter
B.
D.
motorcycle
mobile
194
13. Is the most extensively used, and the most effective means
of police patrol, considering its speed and mobility.
A.
C.
bicycle patrol
helicopter patrol
B.
D.
motorcycle patrol
mobile patrol
B.
D.
motorcycle patrol
mobile patrol
16.
bicycle patrol
helicopter patrol
patrol
investigation
B.
D.
traffic
intelligence
patrol
investigation
B.
D.
traffic
intelligence
police protection
police visibility
B.
D.
crime prevention
all of the above
crime prevention
traffic enforcement
B.
D.
criminal investigation
omni-presence
B.
d.
elimination of opportunity
strategic problem solving
patrol
investigation
B.
D.
traffic
intelligence
195
patrol
investigation
B.
D.
traffic
intelligence
B.
D.
constant availability
patrol officers
patrol officer
B.
beat patrol personnel D.
traffic officer
intelligence operatives
to investigate
maintain visibility
B.
D.
to apprehend suspects
to recover stolen property
police officers
government employee
B.
D.
social workers
community leaders
proactive
mobile patrol
B.
D.
reactive
beat patrol
patrol officer
B.
beat patrol personnel D.
traffic officer
intelligence operatives
patrol
investigation
B.
D.
traffic
intelligence
196
patrol
investigation
B.
D.
traffic
intelligence
patrol
investigation
B.
D.
traffic
intelligence
patrol hazard
crime prone areas
B.
D.
young
children
attractive nuisances
places of ill reputes
general preparations B.
in-field preparations D.
pre-patrol preparations
orientation tour
33. Prior going out on patrol, the patrol officers should have
knowledge about their task each day, there is usually a fall-in
formation, and this is being called as.
A.
C.
general preparations B.
in-field preparations D.
pre-patrol preparations
orientation tour
general preparations B.
in-field preparations D.
pre-patrol preparations
orientation tour
general preparations B.
in-field preparations D.
pre-patrol preparations
orientation tour
197
B.
D.
lives
which
and
are
participative enforcement
prevention of crimes
B.
D.
participative enforcement
prevention of crimes
B.
D.
participative enforcement
prevention of crimes
B.
D.
participative enforcement
prevention of crimes
of
traffic
198
assignment
of
patrol
44.
permanent
to prevent violations B.
orderly government
D.
B.
D.
control of gatherings
miscellaneous activity
B.
D.
observation
arrest offenders
B.
D.
control of gatherings
miscellaneous activity
48. This means that the patrol officer performs a wide variety
of public services while on duty.
A.
C.
B.
D.
control of gatherings
miscellaneous activity
199
B.
D.
control of gatherings
miscellaneous activity
invest. on patrol
B.
C.
arrest of offender
disposing
of
complaints
D.
preservation
of
evidence
51. This is an important patrol activity, and this is not to
allow essential evidence to be altered or carried away.
A.
evidence
inves. on patrol
B.
C.
arrest of offender
disposing
of
complaints
D.
preservation
of
inves. on patrol
B.
C.
arrest of offender
disposing
of
complaints
D.
preservation
of
evidence
53. It is the primary duty of the patrol officers when they are
called to the scene of the crime.
A.
evidence
inves. on patrol
B.
C.
arrest of offender
disposing
of
complaints
D.
preservation
of
54. Through out this volume, the value of accurate and up-todate records and statistical information of police activities has
been stressed.
A.
testifying in court
B.
C.
all of the above
preparation
of
reports
D.
non of the above
testifying in court
B.
C.
all of the above
preparation
of
reports
D.
non of the above
200
A.
C.
foot patrol
bicycle patrol
B.
D.
mobile patrol
motorcycle patrol
bicycle patrol
T.V. patrol
B.
D.
horse patrol
beat patrol
foot patrol
bicycle patrol
B.
D.
bicycle patrol
bay & river patrol
B.
D.
simple
and
mobile patrol
motorcycle patrol
as
sea
or
water
crafts
horse patrol
beat patrol
bicycle patrol
fixed surveillance
B.
D.
horse patrol
beat patrol
clockwise pattern
criss-cross patters
B.
D.
counter-clockwise pattern
freewheeling pattern
201
clockwise pattern
criss-cross patters
B.
D.
counter-clockwise pattern
freewheeling pattern
65. It is done at the last eight (8) hour tour of duty in order
to
ensure
that
nothing
unusual
happened
in
area
of
responsibility.
A.
C.
clockwise pattern
criss-cross patters
B.
D.
counter-clockwise pattern
freewheeling pattern
undercover
intelligence
B.
D.
plainclothes
surveillance
foot patrol
bicycle patrol
B.
D.
mobile patrol
motorcycle patrol
foot patrol
bicycle patrol
B.
D.
horse patrol
motorcycle patrol
foot patrol
bicycle patrol
B.
D.
air patrol
motorcycle patrol
70. It can cover areas that are not accessible to patrol cars,
or are too widespread to be patrolled by foot.
A.
C.
foot patrol
bicycle patrol
B.
D.
mobile patrol
motorcycle patrol
202
A.
C.
foot patrol
bicycle patrol
B.
D.
patrol,
these
are
the
few escapes
squatters area
B.
D.
little traffic
little populated
plastic handcuffs
restraining device
B.
D.
handcuffs
steel bracelets
beat cop
first responder
B.
D.
patrol officer
patrolman
Block Box
Police Detachment
B.
D.
Barangay Hall
Sub-Station
standing watch
vertical patrol
B.
D.
patrol
sitting watch
social services
house visitation
B.
D.
standing watch
street questioning
203
social services
house visitation
B.
D.
standing watch
street questioning
social services
house visitation
B.
D.
standing watch
street questioning
desk watch
patrolling
B.
D.
sitting watch
standing watch
desk watch
patrolling
B.
D.
sitting watch
standing watch
desk watch
patrolling
B.
D.
sitting watch
standing watch
community organizer
patrolling
B.
D.
sitting watch
public advocate
quick response
B.
management of traffic D.
public information
public advocate
204
it
it
it
it
B.
D.
friendship
community mobilization
police patrol
omni-presence
B.
D.
police visibility
police operation
fixed post
vertical patrol
B.
D.
fixed post
vertical patrol
B.
D.
type of area
frequency of crime
B.
D.
205
mobile patrol
bay & river patrol
B.
D.
helicopter patrol
bicycle patrol
safety belt
sirens & blinkers
B.
D.
bullet proof
megaphone
mobile patrol
bay & river patrol
advantages
B.
D.
of
numerical superiority B.
using marked vehicle D.
helicopter patrol
bicycle patrol
police
officer
in
pursuit
206
low-visibility patrol
directed deterrent Patrol
split force patrol
apprehension-oriented patrol
207
P A R T IV
POLICE OPERATION PLANNING
208
CHAPTER
15
POLICE PLANNING & PROGRAMMING
209
specific
and
operational
undertaking
organization.
Other Definitions of Police Planning
of
police
1.
The process of combining all aspects of the police
organization and the realistic anticipation of future
problems, the analysis of strategy to detail.
2.
The use of rational design or pattern of all police
organization undertakings rather than relying on chance.
3.
The act of determining policies and guidelines for
police activities and operations and providing controls and
safeguards for such activities and operations in the police
organization.
Purposes of Police Planning and Programming
1.
It implements policy and clarifies it by defining
more precisely an immediate objective and purpose and
outlining what is to be done to achieve it.
2.
A plan and program serves as a guide or reference
on both training and performance and simplifies the
direction of group members.
3.
The
planning
and
programming
process
gives
continued attention to the improvement of practices and
procedure.
4.
A
plan
and
program
enables
accomplishment thereby affecting control.
check
on
5.
Wise planning and programming assures the most
effective and economical use of resources in accomplishing
organizational purpose.
Classifications of Police Planning and Programming
1.
Reactive
210
Contingency
Strategic
Operational Efficiency
211
212
Frame of Reference
213
3.
214
Short Range
1 year
2.
Medium Range
2 years
3.
Long Range
3 years
215
2.
Develops and monitors the implementations of
policies, doctrines and regulations in collaboration with
the other police offices.
3.
Liaisons with the law making body and
position papers on pertinent legislative agenda.
prepare
4.
Liaisons with the government and non-government
agencies and participates in joint planning activities.
5.
Takes staff action on matters pertaining to
research, development, and test arms and equipment of the
police organization
6.
Liaisons with the international foreign body and
staff action on foreign bilateral and multilateral matters
and international commitments.
7.
Undertakes special studies and research projects
and make position papers needed for the effective and
efficient administration and operation of the police
organization.
8.
Prepares
organizations
accomplishments
reports
of
the
police
9.
Maintain and manages the central records system of
the police organization.
10. Provides secretarial services to the police
organizations Weapons System Boards, Rules and Regulations
Boards, and other related bodies.
11. Perform other functions as may be directed by the
proper authorities.
Characteristics of Effective Police Planning
1.
2.
Simplicity
3.
Flexibility
216
4.
Possibility of attainment
5.
6.
Economy
implementation
in
7.
Anticipated
operations.
terms
effect
of
or
resources
effects
needed
on
for
future
2.
3.
Prevention of crime.
4.
5.
Apprehension of criminals.
6.
7.
8.
Prompt execution of criminal writs processes of the
courts.
9.
Coordination and cooperation with other law-enforcement
agencies.
Definition of Police Plans
The plans are the results of planning or proposal
design to guide and direct to be performed by the police
organization.
Definition of Police Programs
217
Procedural
Tactical
Operational
218
4.
Auxiliary Services
to
include
2.
Providing direction so that employees know what to
do and why.
3.
Providing control to ensure that the directions
are followed.
219
CHAPTER
16
POLICE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
===========================================================
What is Raid
It is a special type of operation and it is an extreme
measure used when all other measures or means failed.
Definition of Police Raid
A raid must be legal, having its basis in lawful
process and conducted in a legal manner. This will be in a
form of a search warrant or warrant of arrest. The raid may
be in pursuit of a person reasonably believed to be guilty
of a felony when it is known that the felony has just been
committed.
Objectives and Purpose of a Police Raid
1.
Apprehend Suspect/s
2.
Secure Evidences
3.
4.
Confiscate Contraband
5.
220
2.
Speed
3.
Surprise
4.
5.
3.
In-charge of rendering inoperative the subjects
vehicle, if any.
4.
Recorder, who should keep accurate logs of the
raid, gathers evidence, make inventories and testify in
court.
5.
6.
Photographer.
2.
3.
4.
2.
Effects arrests.
221
3.
4.
2.
Number of individual to be apprehended. Are they armed?
With what? If uncertain, assumed they are armed.
3.
Are photographs and description of subjects available
for use in the briefing?
3.
Determine the physical structure of the place where the
criminals are located.
4.
5.
Need to discreetly photograph the place and immediate
area.
6.
222
7.
Volume and kind of activities in the neighborhood at
various times to determine the most desirable time to
conduct the raid.
8.
9.
Do the men have confidence in the ability of the raid
leader.
10. Consider
the
5Ss
effectiveness of a raid.
11.
affecting
the
success
or
12. Does every member of the raiding groups know the raid
plan
completely,
and
the
identities
and
duties
of
individuals?
13.
14. What
firearms?
are
the
instructions
concerning
concerning
the
the
use
of
possible
19. Do you have all the equipment you might need, such as
flashlights,
searchlights,
vehicle,
transceivers,
loudspeakers or megaphone, firearms, teargas, etc?
20. Ask each participant to repeat his duties to the raid
leader.
223
effort
is
an
essential
3.
The members of the team should hold his
position until orders given by the team leader.
assigned
4.
The members of the team should thoroughly understand
the objectives, the plan of actions and the orders.
5.
Before leaving the headquarters to proceed to the
target, the team leader must conduct a final briefing of
personnel.
6.
After assembly of the men at the designated area which
should not too be close to the target area, they should not
assume the appearance of a formal gathering.
7.
The raiders vehicle should be safeguarded to prevent
use by the subject/s and/or targets/s.
8.
Vehicles belonging to the subjects should be rendered
inoperative by the simplest available means.
9.
A cordon should be posted, depending upon
availability of men, to prevent possible escape,
restrain people from wandering.
the
and
224
2.
Dont
subject/s.
3.
underestimate
the
ability
or
courage
of
the
4.
Dont endanger the lives of by-standers and innocent
people.
5.
Dont use raiders who are not well acquainted with each
other.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Dont touch the evidence unless seen by witness, or by
the owner or occupants of the place.
What are the Things to be Seized at the Scene of the Raid
1.
2.
3.
225
4.
Articles that might be used in the commission of a
crime.
5.
226
2.
Property stolen
fruits of the crime.
or
embezzled
and
other
proceeds
or
3.
Property used or intended to be used for committing an
offense.
May Things Illegally Seized be Admitted as Evidence
The fruit of an illegal search are inadmissible as
evidence. Any evidence obtained in violation of the rights
of the people against unlawful searches and seizures shall
be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceedings.
May Articles not Mentioned in the Search Warrant be Seized
Generally, articles not included in the search warrant
may not be seized. However, articles prohibited by statutes,
although not included in the search warrant, may be seized.
Thus, during the progress of a bonafide search for other
commodities illegally possesses, whether with search warrant
or not, contrabands or items declared illegal per se are
discovered, the contraband can be seized. The seizure of
227
forbidden
by
must
be
made
at
daytime,
unless
3.
The officer seizing the property must issue a
detailed receipt of the things seized to the persons whose
possessions it was found, or in the absence of such person,
he must, in the presence of at least one (1) witness, leave
such receipt in the place where such things were seized.
4.
As much as possible, during the opening of safes,
drawers, cabinets, tables, etc., the lifting of articles
should be done by the owner of the house or his
representative, or by immediate members of his family to
preclude any suspicion of planting evidence.
5.
Thereafter, the officer must immediately deliver
things or property seized to the judge who issued the search
warrant together with an inventory duly verified under oath.
Lawful Warrantless Search
1.
2.
3.
Customs search or searches made at airports and or
seaports in order to collect duties.
228
4.
Search of moving vehicles may be made without warrant
because it would be impracticable to secure a warrant before
engaging in hot pursuit.
5.
Routine searches made at or in the interest of national
security such as boarder checks and/ or checkpoints.
6.
Stop-and-search or stop-and-frisk, where the search
precedes the arrest, and is allowed on grounds of reasonable
suspicion.
7.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Do not talk to the suspect while in the course of
search.
8.
Do not grant subjects request to attend
before, during or immediately after the search.
something
9.
In a search by a single officer, have the gun ready
with the gun at a distance from the subject.
10.
Types of Search
229
1.
Wall Search
4)
Follow the hereunder mechanics in executing the
Wall Search.
a.
If there is only one (1) subject, the leader
of the searching team should placed himself at one side,
while his subordinate is on the other side.
b.
To search the other side, the subordinate
should move to the opposite side.
c.
If there are two (2) or three (3) subjects,
move one subject to be search on the wall, but out of reach
of the others.
d.
Search both sides of subject, the leader
conducting the searches and the subordinate guarding the
other subject.
e.
f.
The subordinate should concentrate on the
actions of the subject and not on the action of the leader.
230
g.
When there are more than three (3) subjects,
additional personnel should be summoned.
h.
In serious apprehensions, the searcher should
hold his weapon in ready position all throughout the search.
i.
The body must be search systematically with
the foot of the researcher place tightly against the
subjects foot, right with right, left with left, anklebone
against anklebone.
g.
Remove any object found, then examine the
palm of the hand, including between the fingers.
2.
Standing Search
1)
Raise subjects hand over his head and spread the
feet as far as possible.
2)
This is not recommended because the subject is an
on balance position.
3.
Kneeling Search
1)
Subject kneels on the ground with hand raised over
his head.
2)
This is also being discouraged for the same reason
as the standing search.
4.
Prone Search
1)
Subject lies on his stomach with arms and legs
outstretched.
2)
Subject has both arms and legs free, and is at all
times in an on-balance position.
3)
4)
This can be extremely dangerous if the subject has
knowledge of judo.
Arrest Defined
231
1)
voice.
2)
3)
Inform the subject that he is under arrest, and
immediately narrate the subjects constitutional rights.
4)
Consider the possibility
wanted for other crimes.
2.
that
the
subject
is
1)
Be
aggressive.
natural
and
pleasant
but
forceful
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Avoid
weakness.
profanity,
this
reflects
and
personality
232
7)
Avoid acting tough as the subject will be the
first to detect it.
8)
9)
10)
command.
2.
Assume that the subject is armed and will take your
life if given an opportunity.
Procedures of Arrest on the Street
1.
This
possible.
should
be
made
from
the
side
or
2.
3.
Procedures
of
Establishment
Arrest
at
Home,
rear
when
Office, or Business
1.
Restricts the subjects movement. Do not grant request
for personal privileges before being searched.
2.
Clothing and other things requested should be examined
for weapons or items of evidence before turning them over
the suspects.
233
234
7.
The police siren and megaphone shall be used to
influence/warn the offenders/suspects to stop and peacefully
give up.
8.
The use of force specially firearms, shall be
tempered with such considerations as keeping foremost in the
law enforcers mind the safety of the hostage, avoiding
crossfire casualties and preventing collateral damages to
third parties. Reasonable force to neutralize the vehicle
and enemy/suspects resistance is sufficient.
9.
In case of an unavoidable engagement with the
criminal elements, immediate removal of the casualties from
the crime scene shall be undertaken after the necessary
sketches, pictures and other investigative requirements are
accomplished. The victim bodies shall always be segregated
from those of the suspects. All SOPs of crime scene
investigation shall be strictly followed.
10. Human Rights
respected at all times.
shall
be
strictly
observed
and
235
4.
A peace officer or a private person may arrest a
person without warrant when in his presence the person to be
arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is about
to commit an offense; or he has personal knowledge of the
facts indicating that the person to be arrested is the one
who has committed the offense, or is a prisoner who has
escaped from penal establishment or place where he is
serving final judgement or temporarily confined while his
case is pending or has escaped while being transferred from
one confinement or another. In all these instances, the
person making the arrest shall observe strict compliance
with the rules of arrest; and with due regards to the
dignity and rights of the individual to be arrested. The
said arrest of any person without warrant shall be disclosed
to a barangay officials or persons of known probity and
integrity in the community before he is taken into the
custody. The person arrested without warrant shall be
forthwith delivered to the nearest police station or jail,
and he shall be proceeded against in accordance with law.
5.
In all instances of arrest, the arresting peace
officer or private person shall inform the person to be
arrested of the intention to arrest him, and the cause for
the arrest, unless the person to be arrested is then engaged
in the commission of an offense or is pursued immediately
after its commission or after an escape or flees or forcibly
resists before the officer or the person making the arrest
has opportunity to inform him, or when the giving of such
information will imperil the arrest.
6.
In the case of motorized suspect to be arrested,
the siren and megaphone shall be used to warn the occupants
to park their vehicle and give-up peacefully. The arresting
officer shall approach the person on foot with proper backup from his companions. The driver and other suspects shall
be requested to get out of the car with both hands visible
to the apprehending officer. If the situation warrants the
arrest, the apprehended suspects shall be brought to the
police station for further investigation.
Rules on Search and Seizures
1.
The general rule is that a search and seizure must
be carried through with a judicial warrant, otherwise such
236
237
238
disturbance
at
6.
Factional gang fighting or warfare or a series of
raids on parties and places of peaceful congregation.
7.
8.
An increasing need for the use of force in
effecting the arrest, as though there were a planned effort
to bait the police.
9.
An accompanying increase in the number of
complaints about abusive practices of the police and/or the
government, and the continuing claim that such complaint is
receiving no satisfactory action.
10. Public name-calling and a general
contempt and disrespect to police officers.
attitude
Containment
2.
Arrest of Violators
3.
Dispersal
4.
of
239
5.
Established Priorities
their
2.
Communicate
3.
4.
5.
3.
Order all the members of the Civil Disturbance
Management (CDM) contingent to stand ready, guarding the
240
departure
of
the
people
who
are
5.
Repeat the order at least three (3) times so that
many people as possible can hear the giving of dispersal
order.
6.
7.
At
offenders.
the
end
of
the
time
limit,
arrest
the
241
8.
9.
Take all
complete report.
necessary
information
and
prepare
242
9.
No public assembly with permit shall be dispersed
except when it becomes violent. At first sign of impending
violence, the Ground Commander shall call the leader/s for
dialogue to prevent possible disturbance.
10. During actual violence, audible warning for
dispersal by the ranking officer must be made, and if after
allowing reasonable lapse of time, operations must be
pursued using such force as may be necessary and reasonable
to prevent or repel an aggression.
Basic
Formations
Operation
1.
During
Civil
Disturbance
Management
Box Formation
It is being used in providing VIP security coverage.
2.
U Formation
Also being used for VIP security coverage.
3.
Line Formation
5.
Arrow Formation
Formation during aggressive dispersal of the crowd.
6.
Wedge Formation
T Formation
243
Fires
2.
Explosions
3.
Floods
4.
Volcanic Eruptions
5.
Transportation Accidents
244
2.
Expert assistance is required. Other helps will be
needed, the number and type of persons depending on the
magnitude of each problem. Expert assistance may be required
in a number of fields, including morticians, doctors,
dentists, pathologist, and identification specialists who
shall be able to employ special fingerprint techniques.
Important During Recovery of Body
1.
Special equipment. In the rescue process, special
equipment, such as bulldozers, cranes, etc. may be needed to
recover the dead.
2.
Record the location of the body. When a victim is
found, the exact place of recovery should be indicated and
the body tagged and numbered.
3.
Body Tag Number. Fingerprint card must correspond
to the tag number of the body from which the prints are
taken.
4.
Personal effects should be placed in a container
and properly identified as to place of recovery and body
number, and kept it with the body. If there is any question
concerning them, they should be handled as a separate item.
Considerations in a Centralized Morgue
1.
Litters and body covers, cadaver bag, blanket or a
sheet needed.
2.
Location and size of morgue. The morgue should be
readily accessible to the scene of the disaster and be able
to accommodate a large number of persons who will later
require access.
3.
The master numerical log should be established
upon arrival of the body at the morgue.
Procedures During Preliminary Body Examination
245
1.
Physical Characteristics. Teeth for dental works,
operation and other scars, deformed legs, arms or fingers,
amputations, color of hair and eyes, race, approximate
height and weight, age, tattoos and any other identifying
characteristics. Jewelry and pocketbooks contents are most
important.
2.
Fingerprinting.
infallible
means
of
fingerprinting.
3.
Jewelry
and
pocket
identification of victims.
4.
victims.
Clothing
also
helps
contents
in
the
help
in
identification
the
of
Preservation of remains.
2.
Body segregation.
3.
Body Case File. It involves description of body
and clothing, fingerprint cards, list of personal effects,
photographs taken, dental chart and detailed results of
medico-legal or autopsy examination.
4.
Missing Person Case File. Compare this with the
body case file.
Establishing Positive Identity
1.
Comparison of missing person date with recorded
body observations.
2.
Death certificate and release of body. Authorities
should be most reluctant to issue death certificates until
all doubts have been resolved.
Disaster Control Procedures
246
1.
2.
3.
Administer urgently needed first aid and other rescue
activities.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Evacuate survivors and other persons in the area whose
lives are in jeopardy.
8.
9.
Definition of VIP
It is a person who, because of his sensitive position
is accorded with special protection for his personal safety.
What is Buffer Security
247
2.
Use of explosives.
3.
4.
Use of automatic weapons, warfare materials and poison
gas.
5.
Kidnapping.
6.
1st Ring
2.
2nd Ring
Fixed Post
3.
3rd Ring
Close-in Security
248
1.
The formation regardless of number provides 360
degrees of coverage.
2.
The formations always move with principal when he
is outside secured area.
3.
As
formation.
general
rule,
agent
must
be
in
walking
4.
The type of formation employed will be dependent
on the manpower availability and threats to the detail.
5.
The aid remain closest to the principal as his
primary duty is to provide body cover should an attack
occur.
6.
Because formation must be flexible, agents must be
prepared to assume vacant position in the formation or
change of formation to maintain 360 degrees concept.
7.
When walking in crowds, agents should keep on mind
the expose parts of the principals body, the protection of
their weapons, and the importance of watching the hands of
persons in the crowd.
8.
When walking with the principal, agents should not
be looking directly with the principal, but looking outward
to watch the crowd and nearby surrounding for possible
attack.
Reactions to Hostile Crowd
1.
Do not
protective task.
let
the
crowd
deter
you
from
your
2.
Thrown objects should be batted down and put in
the place away from the principal.
3.
If a suspicious person is seen in the crowd but no
firm indication of intent to harm the principal, the agent
should stand between the individual and the principal until
the principal has pass safely.
249
4.
If the crowd is too large and surrounds the
principal, the formation can go into defensive circle to
move the principal safely through it.
5.
Provide close-in security to the principal and
evacuate to safe haven if necessary.
250
CHAPTER
17
TACTICS OF THE TERRORISTS
===========================================================
Definition of Terrorism
Violence for effect...not...primarily, and sometimes
not all for the physical effect on the actual target, but
rather for its dramatic impact in an audience.
The calculated use of violence or the threat of
violence to attain goals, often political or ideological in
nature, through instilling fear, intimidation or coercion.
Is violent criminal behavior designed to generate fear
in the community, or substantial segments of it, for
political purpose.
Three Broad Categories of Terrorists
1.
Crazies
terrorist
acts
Criminals
Crusaders
Ideologically inspired
political terrorists.
individuals
or
groups...the
251
Bombing
Hoaxes
Arson
Hijacking
Ambush
252
6.
Kidnapping
Hostage Taking
Assassination
253
Pipe Bomb
Briefcase/Boxes
Automobiles/Trucks
Existing Objects
Delivery
objectives
254
1)
Vehicle Bombs
Laid Charges
Projected Bombs
Postal Bombs
These are
letters or packages.
2.
devices
sent
through
the
mails
as
Activation
There are essentially three (3) ways to activate IED:
1)
Command Activation
Target Action
Time Delay
burning
Usage
There are two (2) broad categories pertaining to usage:
255
1)
Tactical IEDs
Strategic IEDs
These
are
considered
to
be
those
used
indiscriminately to gain world attention; for example, in
crowded airports, shopping centers, on aircraft and so on.
256
CHAPTER
18
CRIME STATISTICS
===========================================================
Crime Statistics
It is a science, which deals with the collection,
interpretation, analysis and presentation of quantitative
crime data useful in police operational activities.
Definition of Index Crimes
Are those serious crimes that are readily reported and
that occur with sufficient regularity and frequency so as to
be used as an index of the actual level of criminality,
i.e., murder, homicide, rape, physical injuries, parricide,
robbery, and theft.
Definition of Non-Index Crimes
Are those crimes not falling under the index crimes.
Indictable Crimes
All cases that are defined and penalized under the
Revised Penal Code and Special Laws.
Non-Indictable Crimes
Cases not defined and penalized under the Revised Penal
Code and Special Laws.
257
PD
Where
=
:
=
PD
No. of Inhabitants
100,000
240,100 inhabitants as example
240,100
100,000
24.01
CD
TCV
PD
Where:
TCV
404
PD
24.01
404
24.01
16.83
CD
Note:
258
WCR
CD
16.83
PT
12 weeks
16.83
12
WCR
1.40
Note:
This means that 1.40 incidents transpired for every
100,000 population in a week.
Crime Solution Efficiency
Is the batting average of a law enforcement agency in
the solution of crime. It is obtained by dividing the Number
of Crimes Solved by the Number of Crimes Reported (NCR) for
a given period multiplying the dividend by 100.
Formula CSE
NCS
____ X 100
NCR
Where
NSC
NCR
10
9
___ X 100
10
259
0.9 x 100
CSE
90%
Note:
The crime is considered solved if the case has already
been filed in court.
Frequency of Crime
Is the frequency of occurrence of a particular crime
incident committed in a given area over a period of time, it
is also similarly known as Crime Clock.
Formula:
Example:
FC
1.
No. of Days
318
2.
107
318
107
2.97
Note:
Two represents the days, to get the number of hours, .
97 will be multiplied by 24 hours, hence .97 x 24 = 23.28,
now 23 represent the number of hours.
Then .28 will be multiplied by 60 minutes, .28 x 60 =
16.8, now 16 represent the number of minutes, then .8 will
be multiplied by 60 (seconds), .8 x 60 = 48, then 48
represents the number of seconds.
The frequency of Murder or the Crime Clock for the
crime of Murder is every 2 days, 23 hours, 16 minutes, and
260
AR
WPA
____ x 100
WAR
Where
WPA
WAR
10
_9_ x 100
100
AR
0.9 x 100
90%
261
REVIEW QUESTIONS
police planning
police plan
B.
D.
police program
police programming
2.
It is a plan of what is to be done or s set of instructions
outlining the steps to be performed in a specific operational
undertaking of police organization.
A.
C.
police planning
police plan
B.
D.
police program
police programming
3.
Almost all police organization engaged at one time or
another in the preparation of this plans and programs in response
to crisis or when forced to do so to implement decisions made by
some other body.
A.
C.
reactive
contingency
B.
D.
operational efficiency
strategic
4.
It is a plan and programs that often results from the lesson
learned by other police organizations that had face special
incident, and is based on the organizations wish to be prepared
when does it occur.
A.
C.
reactive
contingency
b.
D.
operational efficiency
strategic
5.
It requires the organization to set goals of at least five
years into the future and devise steps that need to be taken to
achieve goals.
A.
C.
reactive
contingency
B.
D.
operational efficiency
strategic
262
6.
In this classification of plans and programs, current
processes are reviewed and recommendations for improvement are
made.
A.
C.
reactive
contingency
B.
D.
operational
strategic
7.
It is the sequence of planning and programming process
wherein the questions, What need to be accomplished? and What
is the desired future steps? are being asked.
A.
B.
C.
D.
8.
It requires that on-going planning assignment is to be made,
although who is this may vary depending on the level or subject
of planning or programming.
A.
B.
C.
D.
9.
It may involve scanning the environment, performing research
and gathering information, and assessment of the present
situation and current state of affair.
A.
B.
C.
D.
10. The extent to which the different courses of action and the
criteria for judging the strength of each course of action should
be consider once a problem is identified.
A.
B.
C.
D.
frame of reference
analyzing the facts
B.
D.
263
frame of reference
analyzing the facts
B.
D.
by
frame of reference
analyzing the facts
B.
D.
14. It is being done after all data have been gathered for
careful evaluation.
A.
C.
frame of reference
analyzing the facts
B.
D.
B.
D.
frame of reference
analyzing the facts
B.
D.
B.
D.
short range
mid-term range
B.
D.
medium range
long range
264
top secret
confidential
B.
D.
secret
restricted
top secret
confidential
B.
D.
secret
restricted
top secret
confidential
B.
D.
secret
restricted
police plan
police planning
B.
D.
police program
police programming
operational
tactical
B.
D.
fiscal
procedural
operational
tactical
B.
D.
auxiliary
procedural
operational
tactical
B.
D.
auxiliary
procedural
top secret
confidential
B.
D.
secret
restricted
265
operational
tactical
B.
D.
auxiliary
procedural
29. Are those plans that relate to such matters for budget and
funds preparations.
A.
C.
fiscal plan
all of the above
B.
D.
budget plan
non of the above
raid
search
B.
D.
arrest
seizure
are
the
apprehend suspect
search & seizure
B.
D.
objectives
B.
D.
and
purpose
of
raid,
confiscate contraband
recover stolen property
applicability
timing
B.
D.
practicability
feasibility
steady nerves
good judgment
B.
D.
leadership
nervousness
raid commander
raiding team
B.
D.
266
36. The following are the duties of the covering party. i.e.,
covers approach, cover the entire area, neutralizing fire of
barricaded criminals and __________.
A.
C.
37.
B.
D.
confiscate contrabands
prevent escape of criminals
B.
D.
surveillance
observation
B.
D.
casing
close study
briefing
ask individual role
B.
D.
de-briefing
informing the mission
reconnaissance
close study
41. It is an examination
discover contraband.
A.
C.
seizure
search
B.
D.
of
an
B.
D.
or
premises
to
body search
stop & frisk
42. A Search Warrant must be served within how many days from
the dated of its issuance.
A.
C.
5 days
15 days
B.
D.
10 days
20 days
master file
all of the above
B.
D.
rogues gallery
non of the above
267
warrantless search
all of these
B.
D.
45. The search must always be made during this particular moment
of time, unless otherwise stated.
A.
C.
day time
all of the above
B.
D.
night time
non of the above
stealing
taking of property
B.
D.
submit an inventory
all of the above
B.
D.
3 witnesses
1 witness
B.
D.
2 witnesses
nothing at all
statistics
crime statistics
B.
D.
crime
all of the above
50. Are those serious crimes that are readily reported and that
occur with sufficient regularity and frequency so as to be used
as a parameter of the actual level of criminality.
A.
C.
index crimes
indictable crimes
B.
D.
non-index crimes
non-indictable crimes
268
51.
index crimes
indictable crimes
B.
D.
non-index crimes
non-indictable crimes
52. Are those cases that are not defined and penalized under
Revised Penal Code and Special Laws.
A.
C.
index crimes
indictable crimes
B.
D.
non-index crimes
non-indictable crimes
crime density
crime rate
54. It is refers
geographical area.
A.
C.
to
crime density
crime rate
B.
D.
the
number
B.
D.
inhabitants
per
unit
crime density
crime rate
B.
D.
crime density
crime rate
B.
D.
arrest rate
crime rate
B.
D.
arrest rate
crime rate
B.
D.
269
arrest rate
crime rate
B.
D.
2.44
4.24
B.
D.
4.22
2.42
164.34
164.43
B.
D.
146.34
146.43
54.78
78.45
B.
D.
78.54
45.78
90%
70%
B.
D.
80%
60%
57%
100%
B.
D.
75%
50%
covert security
overt security
B.
D.
270
A.
C.
sound-off
evacuate the VIP
B.
D.
67. In the rings of the VIP security, the 3rd ring is classified
as __________.
A.
C.
fixed post
foot & mobile
B.
D.
close-in
buffer security
buffer security
advance party
B.
D.
buffer zone
covert & overt security
69. They are security personnel who are deployed between the VIP
and the audience.
A.
C.
buffer security
advance party
B.
D.
buffer zone
covert & overt security
VIP
elected officials
B.
D.
government officials
all of the above
disaster
conflagration
B.
D.
fire
accident
U Formation
line formation
B.
D.
U Formation
line formation
B.
D.
271
siren
all of the above
B.
D.
megaphone
non of the above
accused is arrested
released on bail
B.
D.
cases is terminated
release on custody
panic firing
extortion
B.
D.
mulcting
overkill tendencies
stage one
stage three
B.
D.
stage two
stage four
stage one
stage three
B.
D.
stage two
stage four
81.
A.
stage one
B.
stage two
C.
stage three
D.
stage four
The following are the types of disasters, EXCEPT:
A.
C.
B.
D.
transportation accidents
floods & volcanic eruptions
272
assassination
kidnapping
B.
D.
hostage taking
ambush
assassination
kidnapping
B.
D.
hostage taking
ambush
assassination
kidnapping
B.
D.
hostage taking
ambush
bombing
hoaxes
B.
D.
arson
hijacking
bombing
hoaxes
B.
D.
arson
hijacking
bombing
hoaxes
B.
D.
arson
hijacking
crazies
crusaders
B.
D.
criminals
all of the above
273
violence
atrocities
B.
D.
criminal acts
terrorism
90. It is the fact that the terrorist can choose his own time
and place of operation if his intended victim continually uses
the same route.
A.
C.
assassination
kidnapping
B.
D.
Disposal
hoax bombs
explosives
B.
D.
hostage taking
ambush
(EOD),
it
is
an
object,
pipe bomb
postal service bomb
B.
D.
pipe bomb
postal service bomb
B.
D.
vehicle bombs
postal bombs
B.
D.
which
made
of
laid charges
projected bombs
95. These are devices which are put into place by the terrorist
hands.
A.
C.
vehicle bombs
postal bombs
B.
D.
laid charges
projected bombs
274
delivery
activation
B.
D.
usage
non of the above
national terrorist
local terrorist
B.
D.
international terrorist
transnational terrorist
media
communication
B.
D.
tactical IED
all of the above
B.
D.
to
strategic IED
non of the above
be
used
275
PAR TV
SECURITY & SAFETY MANAGEMENT
276
CHAPTER
19
INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY AND SAFETY
===========================================================
Security from a laymans point of view refers to the
security guards whose main function is to protect an office,
building, installation or equipment against trespass, theft,
arson, and other inimical acts. As a security officer, the
job includes the implementation of a viable security
education program which will sell security measures to the
customer-clientele of the private policing activities.
It
is also a must to improve the knowledge, and adopt an open
mind regarding the many faceted problems involved in
industrial security management.
What is a Security
Is the state of quality of being secure; freedom from fear
or danger; assurance of certainty. To secure is to make safe
or be protected.
Types of Security
1.
Physical Security
277
2.
Communications Security
Transmission Security
Cryptographic Security
Physical Security
Hotel Security
Bank Security
Document Security
278
6.
Personal Security
Crises Security
Industrial Security
Operational Security
2)
School Security
3)
Supermarket Security
4)
Personnel Security
279
Human Hazard
Natural Hazards
Relative Criticality
Relative Vulnerability
280
Types of Pilferers
1.
Casual Pilferer
Systematic Pilferer
Package Inspection
2.
Body Search
3.
4.
5.
6.
Property Audits
7.
Inspections
8.
Asset Inventories
9.
Use of Alarm
10.
Security Education
281
CHAPTER
20
PHYSICAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT
===========================================================
What is a Perimeter Barrier
A medium or structure which defines the physical limits
of an installations or area to restrict or impede access
thereto. It is any physical barrier used to supplement the
protection of an inside or outside perimeter.
Basically,
following:
1.
secured;
barriers
Outline
of
the
are
designed
perimeter
2.
Create a physical
unauthorized entry;
and
of
to
accomplish
the
area
psychological
the
to
be
impact
to
3.
Delay intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of
intruders;
4.
Assist in a more efficient, economical employment
of guards; and
5.
Facilitate and impose the control of pedestrian
and vehicular traffic.
Two General Types of Physical Barriers
1.
Natural Barrier
seas,
282
2.
Man-Made Barrier
Wire Fences
Building Wall
Bodies of Water
2.
Sidewalk elevators, it provides access to areas
within the perimeter barriers and should be locked or
guarded.
3.
Utility openings, it may be composed of sewers,
air intakes, exhaust tunnels which penetrate the barriers
and which have cross-sectioned area of 96 sq. in. or more
should be protected by bar grills, etc.
4.
Clear Zones, it is an unobstructed area maintained
on both sides of the perimeter barrier. A clear zone of 20
283
Top Guard
Sentry Stations
Guard Towers
Protection in Depth
284
5.
constructed
in
8-foot
material
3.
Mesh openings are not to be larger than 2 inches
per side.
4.
bottom.
5.
It should be securely fastened to rigid metal or
reinforced concrete.
6.
paving.
7.
It must reach below surface deep enough on soft
grounds to compensate for shifting soil or sand.
Specifications for Using Barbed Wire
1.
Standard barbed wire is twisted, double-strand, 12
gauge wire, with 4 point barbs spaced on equal distance
apart.
2.
Barbed wire fencing must
posts high excluding top guard.
be
firmly
affixed
to
3.
Barbed wire fencing should not be less than 8 feet
high excluding top guard.
4.
The distance between strands will not exceed 6
inches and midway between parts.
285
of
4.
If placed in certain areas, may even reduce the
number of stationary guards, and instead, may require roving
patrol only at night.
286
1.
Security lighting should enable a guard to observe
clearly the activities around, and inside the premises
within his jurisdictions.
2.
In planning, high contrast between intruder and
background should be provided.
When contrast is poor,
increase intensity will improve guards ability to see.
3.
Lighting boundaries and approaches, as well as the
area and structure is useful to discourage unauthorized
entries and reveal identity of persons.
Good lighting
should reveal well boundaring areas, glaring to intruders
and adequate for the guard to observe his positions.
4.
Effective lighting should: 1) discourage attempts
to enter the premise; and 2) detection were likely if entry
is attempted.
5.
If lighting at night cannot be provided due to
impracticability, other means of protection have to be made
like additional guard posts, roving patrols and animal
guards.
Types of Security Lightings
1.
Stationary Luminary
Controlled Lighting
287
focused sag
background.
2.
on
pile
of
items
rather
than
on
the
Stand-by Lighting
Movable Lighting
Emergency Lighting
Incandescent Lamps
288
3)
Protective Alarms
Alarm, aural or visual signal given by the annunciator
to security when intruder actuates device in a protected
area.
An annunciator is a visual or audible signaling
device which initiates conditions of associated circuits.
Basically, alarm system was designed to alert security
personnel to consummated or attempted intrusions into an
area, building or compound. Each type of alarm is activated
in the event that an intruder tampers with the circuitry, a
beam, or radiated waves; intrusion alarm can be electrical,
mechanical, or electronic. Alarms are also used for fire,
smoke or other emergencies and presence of other hazards.
Types of Protective Alarm Systems
1.
Proprietory System
Auxillary System
4.
289
the
290
291
Electromagnetic Fence
292
2.
3.
Inter-communication
4.
Two-way radios for security, i.e., base, portable,
and mobile.
5.
6.
7.
Bull-horns or megaphones
8.
2.
Limiting access to those persons who have a right
and need to be there;
3.
Establishing
procedures
for
positive
identification of persons authorized access into areas;
4.
Issuing passes or badges to those authorized to
enter restricted areas;
5.
By using access list, identification codes, and
duress code.
What is a Pass System
293
294
295
turn
the
cam
which
causes
the
296
One-LevelChange Key
All locks operated by the change key only and the keys
are different or alike or required. Each key operates its
own lock only. Examples are the houses, stores, cars,
warehouses.
2.
Two-LevelsMaster Key
grand
297
298
It is a type of
increase of room
operates to put out
the ceilings of the
action once a fire
those directly above
where it is needed.
1)
299
2.
Fire Pump
Stand Pipe
Fire Hydrant
Classes of Fires
1.
Class A Fires
300
Class B Fires
Class C Fires
Class D Fires
301
3.
All heating equipment.
produces heat can also produce fire.
4.
Flammable boxes and
to heating equipment.
Any
equipment
which
5.
Open cans of gasoline, paint,
alcohol and other flammable material.
paint
thinner,
Cooling or Quenching
Smothering or Blankering
Starving or Cutting-Off
Supply of fuel or material is cut off, as in gas jet.
2.
Foam Extinguisher
3.
302
Class 1
Commercial record safes designed for fire protection.
2.
Class 2
Commercial money
burglary protection.
3.
safes
designed
for
robbery
and
Class 3
303
1.
to
What is a Safe
A metallic container used for the safekeeping of
documents or small items in an office or installation. Safes
can be classified as either robbery and/or burglary
resistant depending upon the use and need. Many safes are
required to be installed in steel-clad concrete blocks to
prevent being carted away by the thieves and robbers.
What is a Vault
A heavily constructed fire and burglarresistant
container usually a part of the building structure used to
keep
and
protect
cash,
documents,
and
negotiable
instruments. Vaults are bigger than safes but smaller than
security file rooms.
What is a File Room
A cubicle in a building constructed a lighter than a
vault but of bigger size to accommodate limited people to
work on the records inside.
304
CHAPTER
20
SECURITY SURVEY AND INSPECTION
===========================================================
What is a Security Survey and Inspection
A fact-finding probe to determine the plants adequacy
and deficiency in all aspects of security, with the
corresponding recommendations.
What is a Survey
The term applied
conducted by a team.
to
the
first
detailed
look-see
305
human guard;
2.
equipment;
3.
procedures.
and
306
should
be
containing
and
4.
A
down-the-line
security
program
aimed
at
installing
consciousness
and
dedication
through
demonstration, lectures, motivations, and suggestion.
5.
To let all the employees informed that they all
belong to the organization and that non-awareness and nonconcern to the security program is tantamount to disloyalty.
6.
Access List
Audit
Badge System
307
Background Investigation
Controlling
Controlled Area
Coverage Factor
Doppler Effect
Dry-run
308
Duress Code
Exclusion Area
Fail-Safe
Peterman
Program of Instruction
of
Automated Records
Restricted Area
Victimology
to
which
is
subject
to
special
309
2.
Hazards
must
be
identified
with
specific
recommendations
for
elimination,
neutralization
or
reduction.
3.
Deficiencies found should be described in detail,
and if possible with photos, sketches, diagrams, maps and
other explanatory notes.
4.
Early surveys should be reviewed so that the
current survey will determine the improvement in the former
deficiencies.
5.
Recommendations should be consistent with the
current situations, facilities, resources available, and
most of all concomitant with the organizations objectives
and goals.
Time-phasing of the recommendations should be
also recommended especially on execution.
310
CHAPTER
21
HUMAN RESOURCES IN SECURITY
AND SAFETY INDUSTRY
===========================================================
The Security Guard
The key element in the security survey system of a
plant or installations is the human guard.
Without this
human
element,
all
the
mechanical,
electrical,
and
electronic protective aids, as well as security techniques
would be worthless. It is the human guard, as a part of the
security enforcement medium, who contributes the thought
processes and all the human senses to the security system.
The electronic device may sound the alarm, the television
camera may spot the culprit, and the mini-computer may
trigger the red button, but it is the guard responds and
initiates the necessary action.
Procedures in the Selection of Guards
The selection of the guards must be done with care and
meticulousness. The guard occupies an important slot in the
whole security system.
Such a guard, to be effective and
useful, must be physically able, mentally alert, morally
responsible, reliable, and must be stable under pressure.
Above all, he must be responsive to his work to a point of
dedication.
The Company and the Contract Guards
There are two different ways in which security guards
are hired or employed. Those who are hired directly under
the payroll of an employer to protect the employers
property are called company guard, or in-house guards, and
311
More economical;
2)
3)
Problems related to recruitment,
investigation and training are eliminated;
pre-employment
4)
5)
6)
In case of accidents or deaths, the agency takes
care of the cumbersome details;
7)
In case of emergencies, extra guards are easily
available, and
8)
In case of company strikes, the agency guards will
be on duty to carry out their assigned duties.
312
2.
3.
Lack of training;
2)
Low-caliber employees;
3)
No company loyalty;
4)
5)
6)
1)
wages;
2)
Generally
high
caliber
as
they
receive
higher
3)
Can be trained to handle some of the more complex
security duties;
4)
5)
They are more familiar with facilities that they
protect, and
6)
They tend to be loyal to the company of which they
are a part.
4.
Cost more;
2)
3)
Problem
personnel.
of
ensuring
availability
of
back-up
313
314
self-confidence,
reliability.
and
an
ingredient
needed
for
work
3.
Training gives the supervisor better tools to do
his tasks efficiently among his guards.
Due to increased
supervisory skills, less time is wasted and fewer mistakes
made. Resulting economies are to benefit the organization.
There will be smoother relations with other agencies.
A
good program instills confidence which is an important asset
of the guard force.
The Security Officer
A security officer is charged with directing the work
and observing the behavior performance of the men under his
unit.
The effective supervisor must posses the necessary
leadership, human understanding, and job knowledge to do his
work.
The principal task of leadership within an
organization is to ensure that the efforts of all members
are estimated to capacity and effectively directed toward
the primary objectives of the organization.
The quality of leadership reflected in the appearance,
spirit, bearing, demeanor, words, action and work of
subordinates.
Members
of
a
unit
under
effective
supervisorship enjoys
doing their work, hence, they are
proud of their organization, carry out instructions, and
request cheerfully and willingly, and work indefatigably for
long hours under comfortable conditions without question or
complaint.
In contrast, subordinates under inferior leadership are
frequently dissatisfied with their jobs, dislike their
duties,
resent
instructions
and
request
from
their
superiors, and avoid accepting new responsibilities.
Good
leadership transforms indifferent, dissatisfied, disloyal,
and
inefficient
personnel
into
loyal,
agreeable,
hardworking, interested, and efficient men who derived great
satisfaction in the accomplishment of their assigned tasks.
315
316
CHAPTER
22
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 5487
===========================================================
What is Republic Act No. 5487
This is an Act to Regulate the Organization and
Operation of Private Detective, Watchman or Security Guards
Agencies or the Private Security Agency Law, approved and
took effect on 13 June 1969, as amended by PD No. 11, dated
03 October 1972, PD No. 100, dated 17 January 1973, PD No.
1919, and EO No. 393, dated 10 May 1972.
Who is In-Charge with the Implementation of RA No. 5487
The Chief, Philippine National Police (C,
the SAGSD, CSG or the former Supervisory Office
and Investigative Agencies, Civil Security Unit
as provided by Sec. 35, RA No. 6975, in close
with PADPAO, Inc.
PNP) through
for Security
(SOSIA, CSU)
coordination
317
318
319
3.
320
4.
Addicted to the use of narcotic and/or prohibited
drugs and/or substances;
5.
6.
Elective or appointive government employees who
may be called upon on account of the functions of their
respective offices in the implementation and enforcement of
the provisions of RA 5487, and any person related to such
government employees by affinity or consanguinity in the
third civil degree shall not hold any interest, directly or
indirectly in any security guard or watchman agency on
account of the functions of their respective offices in the
implementation and enforcement of the provisions of RA 5487
as amended, and the rules and regulations implementing the
Private Security Agency Law.
Typical Organizational Structure of PSA, PDA, CSF and GSU
1.
Private security agencies shall conform with the
organizational structure, personnel, equipment, training and
clothing as provided for in RA 5487, as amended and its
implementing rules and regulations. The initial; requirement
of 100 guards shall be contracted during the 1 st year of
operation until the 200 guards minimum requirement shall
have been complied with for the succeeding year of
operation.
2.
Company security forces shall be organized to
conform substantially with the organizational structure
prescribed for private security agencies.
3.
Government security unit shall be organized to
conform with the organizational structure of the government
firm but not contrary to the organizational structure as
prescribed for private security agencies.
Where are the Main/Branch Offices of PSA, PDA, CSF and GSU
All agencies shall maintain a main office in their
registered addresses.
Branch offices shall be established
and maintained in other provinces/cities where they have at
321
Expiration of contracts;
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Any other violation of the pertinent rules and
regulations.
322
Filipino citizen;
2.
3.
4.
At least eighteen (18) years of age but not more
than fifty (50) years old;
5.
6.
323
1.
Veterans and retired military/police personnel or
honorably discharged military/police personnel possessing
all the qualifications mentioned shall be exempted from prelicensing seminar which is a requirement for the issuance of
license to exercise profession as a security guard;
2.
Graduates of ROTC advance/basic, and/or its
equivalent in the AFP, CAFGU/CHDF, or its equivalent in the
PNP. Training graduates shall be exempted from the required
basic licensing seminar.
What are the Qualifications of a Private Detective
No person shall be licensed as a private detective,
unless, in addition to the initial qualifications, shall
possesses the following:
1.
Law, or
2.
Holder
Criminology, or
of
degree
of
Bachelor
of
Science
in
3.
Graduate of a Criminal Investigation Course
offered by the then PC/INP or the NBI or any police training
school or detective training with authorized/recognized
training center for security guard.
4)
324
4.
Such other detective work as may become the
subject of contract between the agency and its clients
provided it is not contrary to law, public order, public
policy, morale and good custom.
What is the Territorial Power of the Security Guard
A security guard shall watch and secure the property of
the person, firm or establishment with whom he is or his
agency has a contract for security services. Such services
shall not however, extend beyond the property or compound of
said person, firm or establishment except when required by
the latter in accordance with the terms of their contract to
escort big sums of money or valuables or in some cases, in
hot pursuit of criminal offenders.
What are the Qualifications of Security Officers
No person shall be licensed as a security
unless he has the following qualifications:
1.
Filipino citizen,
2.
3.
4.
course;
Has
graduated
from
security
officer
5.
6.
officer
training
325
2.
Any person qualified under the rule to engage in
business of private security agency or private detective
agency may file a license to operate.
3.
Applicants for Private Security Agency license to
operate
shall
be
required
to
present
a
minimum
capitalization of one million pesos (P1,000,000.00) and a
minimum bank deposit of five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) in order to start its business operation.
Where an Application for License to Exercise Profession or
Permit to Operate a PSA, PDA, CSF and GSU can be Filed
The
application
to
operate
a
private
security
agency/company guard force shall be filed with the office of
the C, PNP thru the C, SAGSD using SAGSD Form No. 01-94 and
SAGSD Form No. 02-94, respectively.
What is the Graduated Scale of License for PSA and PDA
The issuance of license to operate a private security
agency and private detective agency shall conform with the
following graduated scale which shall be approved by the C,
PNP or his duly authorized representatives.
1.
PSAs with temporary license to operate having 200
guards or more but not exceeding 1,000 shall be issued a
regular license to operate good for 2 years.
2.
New PSAs shall be issued a temporary license to
operate good for 1 year.
3.
PSAs with temporary license to operate having
posted 100 guards or more but less than 200 guards shall
upon expiration of such license be issued an extension
period to operate good for 6 months period. No additional
extension of license shall be granted unless the PSAs
concerned shall submit a certification for the posting of at
least an additional 50 guards thereby making a total of 150
or more guards.
4.
PSAs with extended temporary license to operate
shall upon expiration of such license but still fail to
comply the 200 guards requirement, shall be granted
326
Penalties for
Violation of the
IRR of RA No.
One (1) month and one (1) day to six (6) months
suspension or a fine ranging from five hundred pesos minimum
to one thousand pesos maximum (P500.00 P1,000.00) or both,
and
3.
327
328
REVIEW QUESTIONS
operational security
physical security
B.
D.
industrial security
special types
2.
It is the broadest branch of security which is concerned
with the physical measures to prevent unauthorized access.
A.
C.
operational security
physical security
B.
D.
industrial security
special types
3.
Are the acts or conditions affecting the safe operation of
the facility caused by human action, accidental or intentional.
A.
C.
security hazards
natural hazard
B.
D.
man-made hazard
all of the above
4.
Are those caused by natural phenomena which caused damage,
disturbance and problems of the normal functioning of human
activities, including security.
A.
C.
security hazards
natural hazard
B.
D.
man-made hazard
all of the above
5.
It is the importance of the firm with reference to the
national economy and security.
A.
C.
relative criticality
all of the above
B.
D.
relative vulnerability
non of the above
6.
One who steals with pre-conceived plans and takes away any
of all types of items or supplies for economic gain.
A.
C.
pilferer
systematic pilferer
B.
D.
casual pilferer
intruder
329
7.
A medium of structure which defines the physical limits of
an installations to restrict or impede access thereto.
A.
C.
natural barrier
perimeter barrier
B.
D.
man-made barrier
physical security
8.
It is a type of perimeter barrier made of chain link with
mesh openings not larger that two inches square, and made or #9
gauge wire or heavier.
A.
C.
clear zone
building wall
B.
D.
bodies of water
wire fence
9.
It surmounted by the barbed wire top guards, and if the
height is less than the prescribed, additional topping is placed
to attain the minimum height requirement.
A.
C.
clear zone
building wall
10. An unobstructed
perimeter barrier.
A.
C.
11.
area
B.
D.
bodies of water
wire fence
maintained
clear zone
building wall
B.
D.
on
both
sides
of
the
bodies of water
wire fence
Chief, PNP
Governor
B.
D.
Mayor
Secretary, DILG
topping
all of the above
B.
D.
top guard
non of the above
guard towers
guard house
B.
D.
sentry
guard post
security survey
entrance conference
B.
D.
special survey
exit conference
and
330
security inspections
special survey
B.
D.
security survey
supplemental survey
security education
security training
B.
D.
security indoctrination
security awareness
controlling
exclusion area
B.
D.
access list
controlled area
restricted area
controlled area
19. A restricted
security interest.
A.
C.
area
restricted area
controlled area
B.
D.
containing
B.
D.
exclusion area
coverage factor
materials
or
operation
of
exclusion area
coverage factor
security guard
company guard
B.
D.
human guard
agency guard
doppler effect
Peterman
B.
D.
duress code
fail safe
doppler effect
Peterman
B.
D.
duress code
fail safe
331
dry run
controlling
B.
D.
run through
fire drill
badge system
pass system
B.
D.
identification system
badge and pass system
relative criticality
all of the above
B.
D.
relative vulnerability
non of the above
useful records
important records
B.
D.
vital records
non-essential records
casual pilferer
systematic
B. ordinary pilferer
D. unusual pilferer
smothering
cooling
B.
D.
starving
all of the above
B.
D.
automatic sprinklers
stand pipe system
30. These fire results from the burning of wood, paper, textiles
and other carbonaceous materials.
A.
C.
Class A Fires
Class C Fires
B.
D
Class B Fires
Class D Fires
332
DTI
SEC
Agencies
B.
D.
must
be
registered
at
what
PNP
LGU
B.
D.
1,000
200
34.
100
50
1 year
6 months
B.
D.
2 years
1 year & 6 months
P1,000,000.00
P100,000.00
B.
D.
P500,000.00
non of the above
30
50
B.
D.
200
100
36. A PSA with 200 to 499 guards shall pay how much amount of
surety bond to a reputable insurance company.
A.
C.
P50,000.00
P150,000.00
B.
D.
P100,000.00
P200,000.00
37. PSAs with 100 guards must initially procure at least how
many firearms for use of its security guards.
A.
C.
10
30
B.
D.
20
70
38. PSAs who have been applying for regular license to operate
must have at least ___ pieces of licensed firearms.
A.
C.
10
30
B.
D.
20
70
333
20
50
B.
D.
12
25
20
50
B.
D.
12
25
41. It is the only instances wherein PDAs & PSAs may be allowed
to use high powered firearms.
A.
B.
C.
D.
5%
15%
B.
D.
10%
20%
of
licensed
watchman
or
security guard
security equipment
B.
D.
human guard
security system
45. There are two different ways in which security guards are
hired or employed, the company guard and the other one is:
A.
C.
government guards
propriety guards
B.
D.
334
PD 1919
RA 5487
B.
D.
EO 393
PD 100
47. They are any person who offers or renders personal service
to watch or secure either residential or business establishment
or both.
A.
C.
private detective
propriety guards
B.
D.
security guards
company guards
48. Are any person who is not a member of the AFP or PNP, but
involved in detective work.
A.
C.
private detective
propriety guards
B.
D.
security guards
company guards
PDA
GSU
B.
D.
PSA
CSF
PDA
GSU
B.
D.
PSA
CSF
PDA
GSU
B.
D.
PSA
CSF
PDA
GSU
B.
D.
PSA
CSF
PADPAO, Inc.
SEC
B.
D.
SAGSD
PNP
by
any
335
PADPAO, Inc.
SEC
B.
D.
SAGSD
PNP
25 years
35 years
B.
D.
30 years
20 years
100
1,000
B.
D.
200
50
20
10
B.
D.
30
40
government guards
propriety guards
B.
D.
59. It is charge with the directing the work and observing the
behavior performance of the men under his unit.
A.
C.
security guard
watchman
B.
D.
must
be
security supervisor
security officer
stipulated
in
the
security
money consideration
number of hours of security service
salary of the security guard
commission of the operator
B.
D.
October 8, 1994
August 8, 1984
336
cancellation
nullification
B.
D.
revocation
suspension
B.
D.
RA 5487
all of the above
suspension of license B.
all of the above
D.
cancellation of license
non of the above
registration at SAGSD B.
both A & B
D.
registration at CSG
registration at SEC
permit
registration
B.
D.
to
secure
authority
license
67. How many days prior expiry month of license shall require
PSL holders to undergo NP examinations.
A.
C.
60 days
45 days
B.
D.
30 days
15 days
68. Neuro-Psychiatric
Clearance
shall
be
issued
by
the
accredited testing centers within how many days after the date of
examination.
A.
C.
69.
60 days
45 days
B.
D.
30 days
15 days
dying PSA
new PSA
B.
D.
viable PSA
renewing PSA
337
P500.00/guard
P250.00/guard
B.
D.
P100.00/guard
cancellation of license
P500.00/guard
P250.00/guard
B.
D.
P100.00/guard
cancellation of license
5 days suspension
30 days suspension
B.
D.
15 days suspension
cancellation of license
5 days suspension
30 days suspension
B.
D.
15 days suspension
cancellation of license
5 days suspension
30 days suspension
B.
D.
15 days suspension
cancellation of license
5 days suspension
30 days suspension
B.
D.
15 days suspension
cancellation of license
338
5 days suspension
30 days suspension
B.
D.
15 days suspension
cancellation of license
5 days suspension
30 days suspension
B.
D.
15 days suspension
cancellation of license
5 days suspension
30 days suspension
B.
D.
15 days suspension
cancellation of license
5 days suspension
30 days suspension
B.
D.
15 days suspension
cancellation of license
P500.00/guard
P250.00/guard
B.
D.
P100.00/guard
cancellation of license
P500.00/guard
P250.00/guard
B.
D.
P100.00/guard
cancellation of license
P500.00/guard
P250.00/guard
B.
D.
P100.00/guard
cancellation of license
339
B.
D.
P100.00/guard
P250.00 plus P50.00/day
86.
P500.00/guard
P250.00/guard
SILG
PD, PPO
B.
D.
C, PNP
RD, PRO 3
PSAs Operators
all of the above
B.
D.
CSF Managers
non of the above
closing reports
participants
B.
D.
opening reports
name of course
displayed
registered
B.
D.
carried
all of the above
Kabit System
Merger of Security
B.
D.
Illegal Operation
Moribund Security
pre-inspection
inspection
B.
D.
post-inspection
continuing inspection
regular license
license to operate
B.
D.
temporary license
permit to operate
340
serious offense
grave offense
B.
D.
light offense
less grave offense
96. They
have
the
authority
PSAs/PDAs/CSFs/GSUs, EXECPT:
A.
C.
C, SAGSD
PD, PPO
B.
D.
to
conduct
inspection
to
C, ROPD
SAGSD Officer
Sec. 8, RA 5487
Sec. 28, RA 5487
B.
D.
C, ROPD
all of the above
B.
D.
all
341
direct contact
confrontation
B.
D.
indirect contact
carrying of firearms
organize
utilize
B.
D.
incorporate
deputize
342
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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(New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1990).
Benatiro, Hiram C., Editor-In-Chief, The Private Security
Industry and the Security Agencies & Guards Supervisory
Division, (Fairview, Quezon City: Citrend Trading and
Printing Services, October 1, 1999).
Barnhart, Clarence L. and Robert K. Barnhart, Editor, The
World Book Dictionary, Volume I, (Illinois, USA: World
Book, Inc., 1990).
Cael, Basilio G., and Juan L. Agas, A Guide to Criminal
Investigation, Quiapo, Manila: Mary Jo Publishing
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Carter, David C. and Louis M. Radelet, The Police and the
Community,
Sixth
Edition,
(Ohio,
USA:
Prentice
Hall,Inc., 1999
Cole, George F., The American System of Criminal Justice,
(Pacific Grove, California: Brooks & Cole Publishing
Company, 1992).
Coronel, Miguel G., People Empowerment Against Crime,
(Espana, Manila: Zita Publishing Compnay, 1996).
Corvera, Edwin I., First Responders Manual, (Quezon City:
Directorate
for
Human
Resource
and
Doctrine
Development, NHQ, PNP, 2000).
Conklin, John E., Criminology, 6th ed., (Needham Heights,
MA: A Viacom Company, 1998).
Cunningham, William C., The Growing Role of Private
Security, (Washington DC:
National Institute of
Justice,
United
States
Department
of
Justice,
Government Printing Office, 1984).
De Leon, Sixto O., Handbook on Police Intelligence, (Manila:
Manila Press, Inc., 1982).
343
Fourth
Inc.,
Jardiniano,
Pascual
F.,
Police
Manual
on
Public
Accountability, (Manila: PFJ Publishing Co. 1990).
Leonard, V.A. and Harry W. More, Police Organization and
Management, Fifth Edition, (New York, USA: The
Foundation Press, Inc., 1984).
Lyman, Michael D., Criminal Investigation: The Art & The
Science, Second Edition, (New Jersey, USA: Prentice
Hall, Inc., 1999).
Lapuz, Ismael D., Security Officers Manual, (Buendia,
Makati City: National Intelligence Coordinating Agency,
1967).
Managuelod, Lucas M., Criminal Investigation, (Quezon City:
Criminal Investigation and Detection Group, HPNP,
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Maniwang, Jose B., Manual for Security Guards, (Quezon City:
TM Specialist Press, 1995).
344
Edition,
345
Reotutar,
http://
346
City:
for
C8
347
APPENDIX A
AUGUST 2003 BOARD EXAMINATION
Republic of the Philippines
PROFESSIONAL REGULATIONS COMMISSION
Manila
BOARD OF CRIMINOLOGY
CRIMINOLIGISTS Licensure Examination
Tuesday, August 5, 2003
01:30 p.m. 04:00 p.m.
----------------------------------------------------------------LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
SET B
INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following
question. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box
corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet
provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURE ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 1 only.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
The importance of the firm or installation with reference to
the national economy or security:
A.
C.
relative security
relative criticality
B.
D.
relative necessity
relative vulnerability
2.
These are the major courses of action that the organization
plans to take in order to achieve its objectives.
A.
C.
procedures
plans
B.
D.
strategies
objectives
3.
In this form of authority, personnel do not give orders but
they offer advice. Frequently this advice is based on the high
level of expertise, but the advice carries no formal requirement
of acceptance.
A.
C.
democracy
line authority
B.
D.
functional authority
staff authority
4.
The __________ means controlling the direction and flow of
decisions thorough unity of command from top to bottom
organization.
A.
C.
audit
monitoring
B. coordination
D. authority
348
5.
PO III Peter P. Factor PNP is assigned to collect available
information concerning the activities of the Red Scorpion Group
(RSG). He is with what unit of the police?
A.
B.
C.
D.
6.
anti-juvenile delinquency
criminal investigation
intelligence operations
patrol activities
7.
PO III Juan D. Tupaz PNP submitted an intelligence report
evaluated as B-5. What does that mean?
A.
B.
C.
D.
information is usually
possibly true
information is usually
improbable
information is usually
probably true
information is usually
doubtfully true
exhibit
the
following
9.
Who may be automatically granted height waiver, as provided
under Section 15 of Republic Act No. 8551?
A.
B.
C.
D.
349
management plans
tactical plans
B.
D.
operational plans
extra-departmental plan
11. Protection
of
classified
document
concerning
their
preparation,
classification,
reproduction,
handling,
transmission, disposal and destruction.
A.
C.
document security
physical security
B.
D.
operational security
organizational security
document security
physical security
B.
D.
communications security
personnel security
costs
plans
B.
D.
data
statement
security information
security orientation
B.
D.
security reminders
security investigation
350
tactical plan
management plan
B.
D.
double-officer patrol B.
low visibility patrol D.
single-officer patrol
high visibility patrol
oxidation
conduction
B.
D.
convection
radiation
line intelligence
counter intelligence
B.
D.
strategic intelligence
artificial intelligence
administrative control
operational supervision
administration and control
policy and program coordination
systematic pilferer
casual pilferer
B. ordinary pilferer
D. unusual pilferer
fifty (50)
thirty (30)
B.
D.
functions,
twenty (20)
sixty (60)
the
black
list
includes
351
A.
C.
unwanted
neutral
B.
D.
friendly
unfriendly
conduct of research
B.
conduct of inspection D.
conduct of training
conduct of management audit
diagonal
deployed line
B. wedge
D. clockwise
scalar principle
unity of command
B. exception principle
D. span of control
Hazard
Risk
B.
D.
Net
Barrier
30. Mr. Jun de las Alas was born on June 1, 1975. Does he meet
the age requirement for entry to the police service in June 1999?
352
A.
B.
C.
D.
31. A police officer who manages a police station must use all
of the following skills, EXCEPT
A.
C.
conceptual
interpersonal
B.
D.
technical
communication
morning shift
midday shift
B.
D.
afternoon shift
night shift
34. These are barbed wires placed above a vertical fence in order
to
increase
physical
protection
of
establishments
or
installations
A.
C.
top tower
cellar guard
B.
D.
top guard
tower guard house
35. What is the next planning step after the need to plan is
recognized?
A.
C.
evaluate alternatives B.
execute the plan
D.
apprehension-oriented patrol
low visibility patrol
353
C.
D.
split-force patrol
directed deterrent patrol
low-visibility patrol
354
b.
C.
D.
unity of command
span of control
B.
D.
delegation of authority
chain of command
multiple assignment
work assignment
B.
D.
social assignment
dwelling assignment
B.
D.
delphi techniques
forecasting
police omnipresence
police discretion
B.
D.
police effectiveness
police authority
355
3509
4250
D.
D.
4010
4009
investigation report
follow-up report
B.
D.
50. The advantages of a strong patrol are more than make up for
slightly inferior performance. More patrolmen are then made
available for emergency and the more active and widespread the
patrol, the more apparent is their presence, thus, promoting the
impression of __________.
A.
C.
suspenseness
omnipresence
B.
D.
effectiveness
efficiency
relative security
relative criticality
B.
D.
relative necessity
relative vulnerability
white list
target list
B.
D.
black list
access list
356
participation
understanding
B.
D.
clear
collaboration
56. Mr. Jaime del S. Rio was born on May 1, 1975. Does he meet
the age requirement for entry to the police service in June 2002?
A.
B.
C.
D.
B-2
A-3
B.
D.
A-2
B 1
18.7%
25.7%
B.
D.
20.7%
4.8%
357
C.
D.
A-5
A-4
B.
D.
A-1
A-2
inspection
risk analysis
B.
D.
interrogation
evaluation
split-force patrol
B.
apprehension-oriented D.
relative criticality
relative security
B.
D.
relative indispensability
relative vulnerability
planning
directing
B.
D.
organizing
managerial decision-making
358
stake out
follow up
B.
D.
daily four-shift
one-shift daily
B.
D.
daily five-shift
daily three-shift
collection
evaluation
B.
D.
integration
deduction
250
500
B.
D.
2,500
5,000
359
D.
coercion
conversion
B.
D.
quarantine
containment
span of control
chain of command
B.
D.
as
effective strength
actual strength
total
B.
D.
unity of command
line of authority
number
of
police
officers
mandatory strength
authorized strength
76. When police patrols are increased beyond normal levels, this
is called __________?
A.
C.
reactive patrol
citizen patrol
B.
D.
research
casing
B.
D.
surveillance
photography
security training
security survey
B.
D.
security check
security education
360
A.
C.
routine
active
B.
D.
overt
covert
unity of command
scalar principle
B. span of control
D. aggregation principle
clockwise
criss-cross
B.
D.
zigzag
stationary
budget
Intelligence
B.
D.
planning
Patrol
combat intelligence
police intelligence
B.
D.
national intelligence
strategic intelligence
361
A.
C.
encoding
labeling
B.
D.
processing
decoding
casing
penetration
B.
D.
undercover operation
surveillance
wounded
female
B.
D.
emergency
male
security training
security promotion
B.
D.
security education
security investigation
decoy patrol
B.
high
visibility
C.
directed patrol
D.
patrol
management plans
operating plans
B.
D.
at
tactical plans
procedural plans
the
A.
flexible organization B.
formal organization
B.
C.
informal organization D.
non-flexible organization
93. Who among the following meets the age qualification for
appointment to the police service?
A.
B.
C.
D.
362
undercover works
casing
B.
D.
penetration
surveillance
the
following
is
not
included
in
the
patrol
evacuation services
counseling services
B.
D.
identification services
public information services
objectives
problem
B.
D.
planning assumptions
planning environment
100. P/C Insp. Pedro D. Gayco was assigned to prepare the work
program of his division which must be analyzed from the point of
363
view of the nature, time and place of the tasks, and measured in
terms of resource requirements?
A.
C.
Tactical plan
Procedural plan
B.
D.
Management plan
Operational plan
364
APPENDIX B
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS IN POLICE
ORGANIZATION & ADMINISTRATION
===========================================================
1.
26.
51.
76. B
2.
27.
52.
77. A
3.
28.
53.
78. B
4.
29.
54.
79. A
5.
30.
55.
80. B
6.
31.
56.
81. A
7.
32.
57.
82. D
8.
33.
58.
83. A
9.
34.
59.
84. A
10.
35.
60.
85. B
11.
36.
61.
86. B
12.
37.
62.
87. B
13.
38.
63.
88. C
14.
39.
64.
89. A
15.
40.
65.
90. B
16.
41.
66.
91. D
17.
42.
67.
92. D
18.
43.
68.
93. A
19.
44.
69.
94. A
20.
45.
70.
95. C
21.
46.
71.
96. B
22.
47.
72.
97. A
23.
48.
73.
98. D
24.
49.
74.
99. D
25.
50.
75.
100. B
365
APPENDIX C
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS ON POLICE
INTELLIGENCE & SECRET SERVICE
===========================================================
1.
26.
51.
76. A
2.
27.
52.
77. B
3.
28.
53.
78. D
4.
29.
54.
79. B
5.
30.
55.
80. D
6.
31.
56.
81. C
7.
32.
57.
82. A
8.
33.
58.
83. D
9.
34.
59.
84. C
10.
35.
60.
85. A
11.
36.
61.
86. D
12.
37.
62.
87. A
13.
38.
63.
88. C
14.
39.
64.
89. B
15.
40.
65.
90. D
16.
41.
66.
91. D
17.
42.
67.
92. A
18.
43.
68.
93. B
19.
44.
69.
94. C
20.
45.
70.
95. D
21.
46.
71.
96. D
22.
47.
72.
97. C
23.
48.
73.
98. B
24.
49.
74.
99. D
25.
50.
75.
100. C
366
APPENDIX D
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS IN PATROL
ORGANIZATION & OPERATIONS
===========================================================
1.
26.
51.
76. A
2.
27.
52.
77. B
3.
28.
53.
78. C
4.
29.
54.
79. D
5.
30.
55.
80. A
6.
31.
56.
81. A
7.
32.
57.
82. B
8.
33.
58.
83. C
9.
34.
59.
84. A
10.
35.
60.
85. D
11.
36.
61.
86. D
12.
37.
62.
87. D
13.
38.
63.
88. C
14.
39.
64.
89. A
15.
40.
65.
90. B
16.
41.
66.
91. C
17.
42.
67.
92. D
18.
43.
68.
93. A
19.
44.
69.
94. B
20.
45.
70.
95. A
21.
46.
71.
96. A
22.
47.
72.
97. D
23.
48.
73.
98. C
24.
49.
74.
99. B
25.
50.
75.
100. B
367
APPENDIX E
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS IN
POLICE OPERATION PLANNING
===========================================================
1.
26.
51.
76. D
2.
27.
52.
77. D
3.
28.
53.
78. A
4.
29.
54.
79. B
5.
30.
55.
80. C
6.
31.
56.
81. C
7.
32.
57.
82. A
8.
33.
58.
83. B
9.
34.
59.
84. C
10.
35.
60.
85. D
11.
36.
61.
86. B
12.
37.
62.
87. A
13.
38.
63.
88. C
14.
39.
64.
89. D
15.
40.
65.
90. D
16.
41.
66.
91. B
17.
42.
67.
92. A
18.
43.
68.
93. B
19.
44.
69.
94. A
20.
45.
70.
95. B
21.
46.
71.
96. A
22.
47.
72.
97. C
23.
48.
73.
98. A
24.
49.
74.
99. A
25.
50.
75.
100. B
368
APPENDIX F
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS IN
SECURITY & SAFETY MANAGEMENT
===========================================================
1.
26.
51.
76. C
2.
27.
52.
77. C
3.
28.
53.
78. C
4.
29.
54.
79. C
5.
30.
55.
80. B
6.
31.
56.
81. C
7.
32.
57.
82. B
8.
33.
58.
83. A
9.
34.
59.
84. D
10.
35.
60.
85. A
11.
36.
61.
86. C
12.
37.
62.
87. A
13.
38.
63.
88. A
14.
39.
64.
89. A
15.
40.
65.
90. A
16.
41.
66.
91. A
17.
42.
67.
92. A
18.
43.
68.
93. A
19.
44.
69.
94. B
20.
45.
70.
95. C
21.
46.
71.
96. C
22.
47.
72.
97. A
23.
48.
73.
98. C
24.
49.
74.
99. A
25.
50.
75.
100. B
369
APPENDIX G
ANSWERS TO AUGUST 2003 BOARD EXAMINATION
===========================================================
1.
26.
51.
76. A
2.
27.
52.
77. C
3.
28.
53.
78. B
4.
29.
54.
79. D
5.
30.
55.
80. A
6.
31.
56.
81. D
7.
32.
57.
82. B
8.
33.
58.
83. D
9.
34.
59.
84. B
10.
35.
60.
85. D
11.
36.
61.
86. D
12.
37.
62.
87. B
13.
38.
63.
88. A
14.
39.
64.
89. D
15.
40.
65.
90. B
16.
41.
66.
91. B
17.
42.
67.
92. B
18.
43.
68.
93. C
19.
44.
69.
94. B
20.
45.
70.
95. B
21.
46.
71.
96. B
22.
47.
72.
97. C
23.
48.
73.
98. B
24.
49.
74.
99. A
25.
50.
75.
100. D
370