Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
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Interface Slots
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Black in color
It is 62+36=98 pins.
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1) Lack of Speed.
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It is brown in colour.
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It is Brown in color.
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Burst mode
Bus Mastering
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(contd.)
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(contd.)
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The PCI bus has its own set of four interrupts, which are
mapped to regular IRQs on the system.
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1x mode.
2x mode.
4x mode.
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It provides 12 Mbps isochronous transfer rate for highbandwidth devices such as modems, speakers, scanners,
and monitors.
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I/O Addresses
CPU must identify the device before any data is placed on the
bus.
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All devices must have an I/O address, and no two devices can
have overlapping ranges.
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A modem will dial but not connect; a sound card will start
to play but will stop; a mouse pointer will appear but the
mouse will not move.
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Interrupt Request
The CPU has only one INT wire and must handle many
peripheral devices.
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The device applies voltage to the 8259 chip through its IRQ
wire.
The 8259 chip informs the CPU, by means of the INT wire, that
an interrupt is pending.
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Since the CPU has only one IRQ wire, one of the IRQs is
used to cascade the two 8259 chips together which gives a
total of 15 available IRQs.
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The rest (IRQs 2/9, 10, 11, and 12) are not specific and are
available for use.
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Setting IRQs
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A DMA chip move all the data passing from peripherals to RAM
and vice versa.
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Initially the DMA had four channels only because DMA was
used to transfer data between floppy disk drives and RAM.
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COM ports for serial devices and LPT (line printer) ports for
parallel devices.
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Since the IRQ of the network card and the modem will
conflict, the two devices would not work.
Change the IRQ on one of the devices and both the devices
will start working.
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COM Ports
IBM PCs were equipped with two serial ports: COMl, set to
IRQ4, and COM2, set to IRQ3.
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The IRQ could be shared since the two devices would not
communicates at the same time.
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LPT Ports
The standard addresses are IRQ7 for LPT1 and IRQ5 for
LPT2.
Insert a Plug and Play card into the proper type of expansion
slot and turn on the computer. Windows will find the card and
guide you through the setup.
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Bi-Tronics.
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The following table describes the pin connection for the 9pin and 25-pin serial cable connectors.
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SCSI Cables
Internal cables are flat ribbon types and external cables are
shielded bundles.
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Keyboard Cables
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Pin1-Clock Signals
Pin2-Data
Pin3-Keyboard Reset
Pin4-Ground
Pin5-+5volt DC
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Troubleshooting Cables
Check for bent or broken pins on the connector. Bent pins can
sometimes be repaired; however, they will always be
susceptible to damage later, because the pin has been
weakened.
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