1.

FANS IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS

The rotor can be powered through a driver such as a motor, a turbine driver, or a fluiddriver. The rotor system causes the motion of the air/gas and the casing directs the output
flow. Large capacity fan units typically consist of a bladed, rotating impeller enclosed in a
stationary casing. A fan can be considered a mechanical device that moves a volume of
fluid such as air, gas, or vapor through a pressure driven flow.2. Fan
3. Fan Components
an axial fan moves the air parallel to the rotational axis of the impeller. A centrifugal fan
moves the air perpendicular to the rotational axis of the impeller . A fan is classified by the
direction of its flow through the bladed passages of the impeller.4. Types of Fans
5. Centrifugal (radial) Fan Blade Types
Circulate the gases for better heat transfer Deliver fuel to the burners Remove products of
combustion Supply air required for combustion6. Function of Fans in Boiler
Gas-recirculation fans. Primary air fans, Induced draft fans, Forced draft fans,7. Types
of Power Plant FansThere are four main types of fans used in fossil power plants.
A balanced draft system uses both a forced draft fan at the inlet of the system and an
induced draft fan at the outlet of the boiler system. Draft fans are generally responsible for
maintaining the flow of gases through the boiler.8. Draft Fans
9. BOILER Boiler drum Reheater Final Super Platen Super heater heater LTSH Economizer
Coal bunker Wind Box Secondary PA duct air duct Furnace Flue gas APH duct Coal feeder F
D Fan P A Fan Coal Pulverizer
Typically, these fans are centrifugal fans utilizing radial airfoil blading or variable pitch axial
fans. These fans are typically the most efficient fans in the power plant because they have
the cleanest operating environment . Forced draft fans (FD) supply the air necessary for
fuel combustion by pushing the air through the combustion air supply system and into the
furnace.10. Forced Draft Fans
If greater wear resistance is necessary, a modified radial, forward-curved, or backwardinclined blading can be used at the expense of efficiency loss. These fans handle hot flue
gas, they are generally more susceptible to erosion and corrosion even with particulate
removal equipment (ESP). Induced draft fans (ID) are placed at the outlet of the boiler
system and exhaust all gaseous combustion products, or flue gas, from the boiler by creating
a negative pressure or suction within the furnace.11. Induced Draft Fans
Cold PA fans typically are airfoil centrifugal fans or multi-stage axial fans similar to FD fans.
A PA fan upstream from the pulverizer, or a cold PA fan, pushes the coal/air mixture
through the pulverizer and is most commonly used. These fans provide a positive pressure
upstream of the coal pulverizer and handle relatively clean air . Primary air fans (PA) are
high pressure fans used to supply the air for the transportation of coal directly from the
pulverizer to the furnace .12. Primary air fans
Straight or modified radials or forward curved, backwardly inclined centrifugal wheels are
appropriate for gas-recirculation fans. The duty cycle of a gas recirculation fan is very
stringent due to heavy dust loads and extreme temperature excursions. These fans extract
gas from the economizer outlet and the pre-heater inlet and then discharge the gas either to

the bottom of the furnace for steam temperature control or to various locations in the
furnace. Gas-recirculation fans are used to control steam temperature, furnace heat
absorption, and slagging of heating surfaces.13. Gas Recirculation Fans
14. PAFAN TO ESPFDFAN TO ESPPA
15. FLUEGASFROMAPH ESP ID FAN
16. Draft System -500 MW SECOND FURNACE PASS FD FAN AHP AHP ESP ID FAN +156
-73 mmwcl -5 -221 +36 mmwcl mmwcl mmwcl mmwcl AHP ESP SECOND ChimneyFD AHP
FURNACE PASSFAN
17. Axial-Flow Fan
18. Airfoil-Blade Centrifugal Fan
Vibration which are responsible for serious and costly maintenance. Corrosion,
Erosion,19. Damage Mechanisms Most common damage mechanisms associated with
power plant fans failure are :
The rate of erosion depends on suspended particles / fly ash, in the flue gas. One of the
most common damage mechanisms associated with power plant fan failure is erosion, which
is responsible for serious and costly maintenance.20. Erosion
21. EFFECT OF BLADE TYPE ON EROSIONRESISTANCE AND EFFICIENCYBLADE
TYPE TYPICAL MAX STATIC TOLERANCE TO EFFICIENCY ( %) EROSIVE
ENVIROMEMTRADIAL 70 HIGHRADIAL TIP 80 MEDIUM TO HIGHBACKWARDLY
INCLINEDSOLID 85 MEDIUMAIRFOIL 90 LOW
Reducing fan speed and selecting a fan blade type that is more resistant to erosion will slow
down the abrasive wall thinning experienced by fan unit surface. The rate of erosion
experienced by fans used in harsh applications is often controlled by the use of repairable
liners, replaceable liners, or renewable coatings.22. Resistant to Erosion
Fans that operate in flue gas, such as in23. Abrasion-Resistant Impeller duced draft fans
(IDF) for coal-fired boilers, are required to be resistant to abrasion by ash in the flue gas.
Intergranular corrosion Biological corrosion Differential Oxygenation General
corrosion (wastage) Pitting Galvanic corrosion Crevice corrosion Erosion
corrosion The following list is the most common types of corrosion problems found in boiler
power plants.24. CORROSION
Build-up of material on the rotor Improperly designed or deteriorated foundations
Misalignment or bent shaft Corrosion, erosion, high/low cycle fatigue effects Excitation
of a resonant frequency Improper clearance of moving parts. Improper Lubrication
Worn/damaged/cracking of fan parts Loose components Improper balancing Possible
reasons as to why vibration occurs in fan units are listed below.25. Vibration
A fan that is run with a variable speed motor can adjust the speed to control the output flow
properties . Most axial fans are operated by variable pitch axial blades, . A centrifugal fan
utilizing inlet vanes controls the airflow .26. Output Air Flow Control
27. Inlet Vanes of Centrifugal Fan FAN
28. Variable Airfoil Blading of anAxial-flow Fan
Motor current analysis Infrared thermography Nondestructive examination (NDE)
Oil analysis Vibration measurement and analysis It includes technologies such as the

following: Condition monitoring is the use of advanced technologies to determine equipment

condition and, potentially, predict failure.29. CONDITION MONITORING
The startup procedures, in addition to the controls and interlocks, should follow the
requirements of NFPA 85.30. STARTUP PROCEDURES OF DRAFT FANS
31. FANS -500 MW BOILERFAN F D FAN PA FAN ID FANTYPE AXIAL AXIAL RADIALNO
per boiler 2 2 2FLOW ,M3/S 251.6 184.0 574.6PRESS,mmwc 390 1200 467TEMP,DEG C
45 50 150DRIVE MOTOR MOTOR MOTORSPEED,RPM 980 1480 580MOTOR ,KW 1225
2725 3950CONTROL VARIABLE PITCH VARIABLE PITCH INLET DAMPER+ CONTROL
CONTROL VFD
32. FANS -200 MW BOILERFAN F D FAN PA FAN ID FANTYPE AXIAL Reaction RADIAL
AXIAL impulseNO per boiler 2 2 2FLOW ,M3/S 105 75 225PRESS, mmwcl 510 1187
356TEMP,DEG C 50 50 136DRIVE MOTOR MOTOR MOTORSPEED,RPM 1480 1480
740MOTOR ,KW 750 1250 1100
33. ID FAN under erection-500 MW
34. Distribution of Aux Power Consumption in a 210 mw Power Plant FANS
ISO 5801 defines the upper limit of fans as a pressure increase of 120 inches Wg (30 kPa).
ASME PTC-11, Performance Test Code for Fans, defines a fan as providing a compression
ratio of 1.1 or a density change of 7%. Fans are similar to compressors; the difference is
that fans create a flow of gas whereas compressors increase the pressure of the gas.35.
Difference between fan andCompressor
ASME PTC 11 4. AMCA 203, Field Performance Measurements. 3. AMCA 202, Fan
Application Manual. 2. AMCA 803, Site Performance Test Standard. 1. NFPA 85, Boiler
and Combustion System Hazard Code.36. STANDARDS
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