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Raw data
Temperatu
Time
Observati
re
(1s)
ons
(0.5C)
25.0
920
Solution
35.0
370
went from
45.0
140
clear red
55.0
59
color to a
65.0
41
cloudy pink
75.0
20
Table 1: Temperature and time taken for reaction to go to completion
Analysis
The experiment can be represented by the following reaction mechanism:
1. H2SO4 -> H+ + SO422. BrO3- + 5Br- + 6H+ -> 3Br2 + 3H2O
3. C6H5OH + Br2 -> C6H2Br3OH + HBr
Sulphuric acid dissociates into H+ and SO42- in solution (reaction 1); when added
to the bromide/bromate solution, the solution then dissociated into BrO 3- and Br-,
which reacted to form bromine and water (reaction 2).
Bromine usually acts as a strong oxidizing agent and reacts with methyl red, very
quickly bleaching its color. However, in this experiment, the reaction was slowed
by the presence of phenol, which reacts more readily with bromine to produce
tribromophenol (reaction 3).
Essentially, the phenol served to lengthen the time taken for the bromine to
react with the indicator. Otherwise, the bromine-bromate reaction, which I am
calculating the activation energy for, would complete too quickly to be
measured.
Bromine is in excess in this reaction, so when all the phenol has reacted, the
remaining bromine reacts very quickly with methyl red; the solution turns
colorless, indicating the endpoint of the reactions.
Finding the rate constant
Substance
Concentration
(mol dm-3)
0.01
1
Volume
(cm3 1)
10
10
C6H5OH
Bromide/bromate
mixture
H2SO4
0.5
5
Table 2: Concentrations and volumes of reagents
kAe
Ea
RT
+
H
Br
Br O3
Rate of reaction=k
+
H
Br
Br O3
rate of reaction
k=
rate of reaction
(1)(1) ( 0.500 )2
-3
dm s
-1
Time
Rate of
re
(s
reaction
(C 1)
1)
(s-1 )
25
919
0.001088
35
369
0.002710
45
144
0.006944
55
59
0.016949
65
41
0.024390
75
20
0.050000
Table 3: Time and rate of reaction at each temperature
The rate constant of a reaction is dependent on temperature, so k will be
different at every temperature. k is calculated in Table 4 using the
aforementioned rate expression.
Temperatu
re
(C 1)
25
Rate of
reaction
(s-1 )
0.001088
k
mol dm-9 s-1
0.001088
4=
35
0.002710
0.002710
45
0.006944
0.006944
4= 0.01084
4= 0.02778
55
0.016949
0.016949
65
0.024390
0.024390
4= 0.06780
4= 0.09756
75
0.050000
0.050000
4= 0.20000
-3
0.00435
1/T (temperature)
(1/K)
1 (25 + 273) =
0.00336
0.001088
35
1 (35 + 273) =
0.00325
0.002710
45
1 (45 + 273) =
0.00314
55
1 (55 + 273) =
0.00305
65
1 (65 + 273) =
0.00296
75
1 (75 + 273) =
0.00287
4=
0.00435
-2.69119
4=
0.09756
0.050000
-3.58344
4=
0.06780
0.024390
-4.52451
4=
0.02778
0.016949
-5.43758
4=
0.01084
0.006944
ln k
(mol-3 dm-9 s1
)
-2.32729
4=
0.20000
-1.60944
ln k =
Ea
+ln A
R T
-2
ln k (mol-3 dm9 s-1) -3
-4
-5
-6
1/T (1/K)
Ea
R , and can be calculated using two
gradient=
y 2 y 1
x 2x 1
Ea y 2 y 1
=
R
x 2x 1
5.43759434(1.60437912 )
0.0033557030.002873563
7950.419421744721
Ea =7950.419421744721R
66067.98539469863 J mol-1
66.1 kJ mol
-1
Discussion
The literature value for the activation energy of this reaction was found to be
52.4 kJ mol-1. Thus, the percentage error in the calculated value is:
52.466.1 =26.1
52.4
Evaluation
Limitation
Effect
Improvement
Bromide/bromate rate of
reaction values less
accurate, calculation of the
gradient and Ea value
affected
Conduct experiments at
same temperatures, but
repeat for varying
concentration of
reagents and average
the results to reduce the
significance of any
errors
Run a trial ahead of
time and allow sufficient
time for it to react
completely. Use color of
solution as baseline to
determine endpoint for
Difficult to determine
when endpoint of
reaction
other reactions.
Insulate the solution
flasks to reduce heat
loss.
Conclusion
The aim of this experiment was to calculate a value for the activation energy of
the bromide-bromate reaction. This was successfully done using empirical data
to determine the time taken for the reaction to complete at different
temperatures and then calculating rate of reaction to determine the rate
constant, which was in turn used to calculate the activation energy. Using the
Arrhenius equation, the activation energy was determined to be approximately
66.1 kJ mol-1, which was 26.1% away from the literature value of 52.4 kJ mol -1.
http://adamcap.com/schoolwork/the-kinetics-of-the-bromate-bromide-reaction/