INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

Indian Space Research Organisation

INTRODUCTION
Indian Space Programme is an Indigenous Effort with a
capability to provide various socio-economic developmental
applications.
The role has been to develop space-technology, system
management and new applications that relevant for India.
INSAT system has been established for communication,
broadcasting and meteorology.
The Indian remote sensing satellite system has been established
for resource survey management.
India has also acquired capability to launch satellites into Polar
as well as Geo-Synchronous satellite orbits through PSLV and
GSLV launchers respectively.

MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS OF INDIAN

EFFORTS FOR SPACE
INDUSTRIES
w
w
w
w
w

TELCOMMUNICATIONS
BROADCASTING (TV, RADIO)
SEARCH & RESCUE
METEOROLOGY
SPECIAL NATIONAL NEEDS

ACADEMIA

w SPACE SCIENCE RESEARCH

w ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES

w NATIONAL RESOURCES MGMT.

w NATIONAL RESOURCES INFO SYS
w SPCEIAL NATIONAL NEEDS

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

STRATEGIC TECH. CAPACITY

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

POLICY AND FRAMEWORK

NATIONAL/STATE
AGENCIES

INSAT SYSTEM
SPACE SEGMENT

SERVICE SEGMENT

MCF
PVT

DOT

IMD

I&B

India has a fleet of satellites operating in S-Band, C-Band,

Ext C- Band and Ku Band for various applications.
The GSAT series of satellites are built and launched for
technology demonstration, validation to prove the
technologies before using them in operational INSATs.

INSAT APPLICATIONS
l

TELECOM CIRCUITS ON TRUNK

ROUTES

TV BROADCASTING

BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS

MOBILE SATELLITE SERVICES

RADIO NETWORKING

SEARCH AND RESCUE SERVICES

VSAT CONNECTIVITY

DATA COLLECTION PLATFORMS

METEOROLOGY

DISASTER WARNING SYSTEM

TELEMEDICENE

DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION

TRAINING & EDUCATION

INSAT GROWTH
DOT Earth Stations
800
600

VSATs

TV Transmitters

15000

1500

10000

1000

5000

500

250
200
150

400
200
0
1997

2001

1997

2001

DCP Terminals

100
50
0
1997

2001

1997

2001

Telecom Circuits Reaching more inaccessible areas with Digital Technology.

Dramatic increase in Corporate Communications through VSATs.
Introduction of Digital TV for better utilisation of Transponder Capacity.
Unique Services Provided by INSAT
Training and Developmental Education TV Services for Rural Development.
All AIR Stations are networked through INSAT.
Real time hydro meteorological data collection in Narmada, Chambal, Mahanadi, Beas,
Sutlej rivers for Flood Forecasting.
Earth Imaging, Cyclone Warning, Cloud Motion Vectors for Meteorological Services
through INSAT on a continuous basis.
Satellite Aided Search and Rescue Services for distress alert.

DISASTER WARNING SYSTEM

CYCLONE WARNING
CENTRE

DOT ES

INSAT MSS
INTERACTIVE
TERMINAL
S Band

C Band

HUB
Voice or Data
PSTN

Satellite Aided Search and Rescue System

COMMUNICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT

Concept Proving Experiments
A PROFILE
Satellite Instructional TV experiment (SITE)
Largest Sociological Experiment covering
2500 villages
Access to Health, Education, Training etc.
Kheda Communication Project (KCP)
Community TV Broadcasting
Operational Missions
Satellite based Distance Education
Training & Development Communication Channel (TDCC)
Interactive training & education
Jhabua Development Communications Project (JDCP)
Rural development in tribal belt
GRAMSAT Pilot Project (GPP)
Vidyavahini (Vehicle of Knowledge)

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION CHANNEL

INSAT

TV

+A

SYSTEMS CONFIGURATION

UD

IO

DI

U
+A

TV

DI

RECEIVE ONLY TERMINALS

+A

IO

TV

TV

DRS Rx

AU

DI

AU

IO

ANTENNA

TV+AUDIO

TALK BACK
TERMINAL

DRS

SATCOM TALKBACK

TELEPHONE TALKBACK
EARTH STATION

TEACHING END

TV

PC

TV STUDIO

TELEPHONE
LINES

DRS Rx

TV

PHONE

FAX
EMAIL

CLASS ROOM

JHABUA DEVELOPMENT
COMMUNICATIONS PROJECT

A
INS

DAMA

TV

AU

DI

DI

AU

TV

TV

INTEGRATED
INTEGRATED SYSTEM
SYSTEM
VOICE
VOICE
VIDEO
VIDEO
DATA
DATA
TALK-BACK
TALK-BACK
2-WAY
2-WAY VIDEO
VIDEO

TALKBACK TERMINAL

AES-SAC

DECU STUDIO
TEACHING END

TV

14 M ANTENNA

TALKBACK CLASS ROOM (12)

DRS

TV RECEIVE ONLY(CLASS ROOM)

TV

MIC

SPACE BASED EDUCATION

Coverage

Interactive

5 Spot Beams in
Ku Band

Teaching -End

Audio

Video
+
Audio

1 National Beam
in Ku Band
1 National Beam
in Ext C Band

Class
Room-1

Class
Room-2

(6 Channels)

TELEMEDICINE VIA SATELLITE

Rural
Hospital
Leading Urban
Medical Centre

Video Conferencing

Cardiology

Pathology

Video Conferencing
AMBULANCE

Panel of Doctors

CCD Imageries of Orissa Cyclone October 1999

Future Satellite Communications

India is planning to have high
power Ku band satellite for
broadband multimedia
communication.
Programme is on an advanced
communication satellite to meet
new applications.
A dedicated satellite for formal as
well as informal education is
being envisaged

INDUSTRY PARTICIPATION
Over the years considerable infrastructure and expertise is
developed within the Indian hi-tech industries to provide
support to space missions (satellite and launch vehicles).
The structural hardware of communication satellite is
produced at Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) which is one of
the leading aerospace industry in the Asia pacific region. All
the satellite structures since the experimental phase to the
present operational era are produced at HAL.
The satellite propulsion systems are largely taken from
production capability of BHEL, HAL and other private sector
industrial giants like L&T, Godrej and MTAR.

INDUSTRY PARTICIPATION (2)

The communication payload and its components are normally
made at the electronicsdivision of HAL, Hyderabad, BHEL
Bangalore and Ghaziabad and also at a number of small to
medium scale private enterprises.
The applications specific integrated circuits (ASICs), hybrid micro
circuits (HMCs) and printed circuit boards are routinely produced
to space quality requirements at hi-tech industries like WIE Poona,
HAL Hyderabad, MICROPAK Bangalore and at leading boundaries
in Europe, as per our design.
Solar array, battery assemblies are fabricated utilising the
production capacities at BHEL Bangalore and some local private
enterprises.

FACILITIES - Thermovacuum Chamber

FACILITIES - Clean Room

NEW FACILITIES
High Power Test Lab established for High Power component
characterization at S, C, & Ku-Bands
Peak power generation for multipactor test.
RF high power handling test in thermal vacuum.
PIM test
New AIT complex for ensuring smooth flow of spacecraft
level activities. This complex consists of
a clean room for spacecraft assembly & test activities
measuring 55m x 34m x 15m
an anechoic chamber measuring 20m x 15m x 15m
a thermovac chamber of 6.5m dia

NEW FACILITIES (2)

Compact Range Test Facility for antenna testing has been
established for unit level antenna test at SAC, Ahmedabad.
The fully equipped compact range is capable of
characterizing antennas from S-band to 40GHz.
A similar facility for spacecraft level test is under
establishment and will be operational in end 2002.
The chamber dimensions is 20m x 15m x 30m.
The silent volume dimensions are 8.8m x 6m x 8m.

COMPACT ANTENNA TEST RANGE FOR

SPACECRAFT LEVEL TEST

CONCLUSION
INSAT system is one of the largest domestic
communication system and is poised to meet
the total requirement of the country.
It is planned to meet the broadband multimedia
requirement of Indian subcontinent through high
power Ku-Band satellites.
The new applications such as Tele-medicine,
Tele-education, Disaster management, etc. will
be fully met by the future INSAT system.