Module 1

1. What is the basic principle of ray theory ?

2. What is meant by total "internal reflection" ?
3. Compare the characteristics of step index and GI fibre cables.
4. Explain with diagrams the principle of wave propagation through an
optical fibre.
5. Discuss on the effect of index profile on light wave propagation through
fibre.
6. Discuss on the modes of propagation in SI and GI Fibres.
7. Explain critical propagation angle.
8. What is normalized frequency ? Explain its significance.
9. State Snell's Law for refraction and outline its significance in fibre optic.
10. Explain the propagation modes in single mode fibers.
11. Compare the parameters of single mode fibre, multimode step index fiber
and multimode graded index fiber.
12. Define and explain acceptance Conc. Obtain an expression for NA.
13. Compare and contrast all the parameters of Step Index and Graded Index
glass fibers.
14. Explain the significance of V-number. Derive expressions for V-number
for Step Index and Graded Index fibers.

15. Explain critical incident angle.

16. Define and explain numerical aperture.
17. Describe the effect of index profile on propagation.
1

18. Explain the significance of V number A multimode SIF with core diameter
80 }Lm and relative index difference n is 1.5% is operating at a wave
length of 0.85 pm. If core refractive index is 1.48, calculate the
normalized frequency for fiber and the number of guided modes.
19. State and explain Total Internal reflection.
20. What is `V number ? Explain its significance.
21. Differentiate SI fiber from GI fiber.
(i)

Derive the expressions for acceptance angle and numerical

aperture.

(ii)

State and explain Snell's law.

22. Describe in detail the effect of index profile on propagation.

23. Describe the modes in SI and GI fibers
24. What is total internal reflection? Explain.
25. Define and explain numerical aperture. Obtain an expression for numerical
aperture.
26. What is Mode coupling? Explain
27. What is acceptance angle and numerical aperture ?
28. Explain the basic principle of transmission of light through optical fiber.
29. Enumerate and explain the characteristics of optical fiber cables.
30. Define and explain :
(i)

Critical angle ; (ii) Critical ray ; (iii) Acceptance cone ; (iv) Vnumber.

31. What is ISI in optical fibers ? Explain the effect of ISI in fibers with neat
sketches.
32. Explain the significance of V-number. Write mode volume expressions for
single mode and multimode fiber.
33. Define Acceptance cone.
34. Explain the concept of mode coupling in optical fiber.
2

35. Explain the following : (i) Total Internal Deflection ; (ii) Snell's law ; (iii)
N-number.
36. Explainthe propagation of waves in cylidrical fiber.Derive the expression
for modes in cylindrical fiber
Module 2
1. Enumerate the types of Fibre coupling methods.
2. Describe the different types of fibre joints. Compare their characteristics.
3. What are the loss of signal attenuation mechanisms

in a fiber ?

4. Write note about optic fiber couplers?

5. Draw the structure of LED and explain.
6. Define and explain :
(i)

Responsivity.

(ii)

Quantum efficiency of an Optical Detector.

7. Define inter modal dispersion. Derive an expression for rms pulse width for a
rectangular pulse propagating in a multimode step index Fiber.
8. What is the dispersion ? What are the different types of dispersion ? Explain how
intermodal dispersion restricts bit rate ?
9. Briefly describe the main component parts of an Optical Fiber Cable.
10. What is ISI in optical fibers ? Explain with a neat sketch.
11. Differentiate connectors from optical splicers.
12. Differentiate Intermodal dispersion from Intramodal dispersion. Derive an
expression for r.m.s. pulse broadening in single mode step Index fibers.
13. Explain any two permanent splicing and two semi-permanent splicing, techniques
with neat diagrams.
14. Discuss the attenuation in single mode and multimode optical fibers. Derive an
expression for attenuation.
15. Or
3

16. Explain the principle of any three optic fiber splicers with neat sketches.
17. Write notes about optic fiber connectors.
18. Write the concept of dispersion limit in optical fibers.
19. Distinguish between a splice and a connector. How can one avoid loss due to
Frenel reflection at a joint?
20. Explain the following :(i)

Optic fiber couplers.

(ii)

Optic fiber connectors.

21. What are different types of fiber optic connectors ?

22. Explain about the fiber optic connection loss
23. What is attenuation in fibers and what are the various reasons of attenuation.
24. What is Fresnel reflection at fiber joints ? Explain how loss is computed using

Fresnel reflection coefficient ?

25. Derive an expression for r.m.s. pulse broadening in an multi mode fiber due to

inter modal dispersion

Module 3
1. Compare the characteristics of PIN diode and APD.
2. Explain with diagrams the construction, principle of operation and characteristics
of LASER diode
3. Write the principle of operation of LASER. Discuss the different types of
LASERS.
4. Enumerate and explain the requirements of an Optical source.
5. Differentiate PIN diode from LED.
6. Write notes on :
a. APD Principle.
b. Lensing schemes for coupling improvement.
7. Enumerate and explain the requirements of an Ideal Optical Source.
4

8. What are lambertian and non-lambertian sources ? Give examples.

9. Explain the operating principle of semiconductor Laser with a neat diagram.
Derive its threshold gain.
10. Discuss the lensing schemes for improving power coupling efficiency with neat
diagrams
11. Write the principle of operation of LASER. What are the different types of
LASERS?
12. What are the different lensing schemes and explain.
13. Briefly explain the principle of operation of LED? Explain the characteristics of
LED.
14. Derive Eeistein relation for LASER action. Explain the relation.
15. Explain the lensing schemes for coupling improvement.
16. Explain the operating characteristics of LED with a neat sketch.
17. Differentiate LED from LASER. Explain the operating principle of He-Ne gas
Laser with a neat schematic diagram
18. Explain the operating principles of (a) APD ; (b) PIN diode with neat diagrams.
19. Explain the types of LED with neat sketches.
20. Describe the lens coupling of LEDs to optical fibers.
21. Explain the principle of operation of injection laser.
22. What are the characteristics of laser diode ?
23. Explain the types of LED for optical fiber applications.
24. Explain the construction and principles of operation of LED and LASER.
25. Explain the principles of photodetection in p-n photo diodes and in APD

Module 4
1. Discuss the required characteristics of optical amplifiers.
2. What are the advantages of optical amplifiers ?
3. What is ASE ? Explain. Write notes about SOA.
5

4. Explain the need for optical amlifiers

5. Explain the principle of operation of SOA with a neat sketch
6. Differentiate SOA from EDFA. Explain the principle of operation of EDFA with a
neat schematic diagram.
7. Write the basic principle of EDFA.
8. Explain the principle of operation of SOA with a neat sketch. Derive an expression
for its amplification gain
9. Differentiate SOA from EDFA. Explain the amplification process in EDFA with a
neat sketch.
10. Give an account of wavelength conversion
11. Whats is optical modulation.What are the types of optical modulation
12. Give an account of
a. Mach Zehnder inferometer
b. MZ optical modulator

Module 5
1. Explain the steps involved in the design of a fibre optical link.
2. What are link power budget and rise time budget analysers ?
3. Explain link power budget and rise time budget analysis.
4. Give an account of Wavelength routing networks
5. Give an account of Wavelength switching networks
6. Write brief notes on
a. Network Protection and survivability
b. Long Haul systems