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Simplorer
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S o f t w a r e Ve r s io n
4.0
4.1
4.2
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
8.1
9.0
10.0
11.0
Procedures are presented as numbered lists. A single bullet indicates that the procedure has only one step.
Bold type is used for the following:
- Keyboard entries that should be typed in their entirety
exactly as shown. For example, copy file1 means to
type the word copy, to type a space, and then to type
file1.
- On-screen prompts and messages, names of options and
text boxes, and menu commands. Menu commands are
often separated by carats. For example, click Simplorer
Circuit>Add Subcircuit>Add RMxprt Design.
- Labeled keys on the computer keyboard. For example,
Press Enter means to press the key labeled Enter.
Italic type is used for the following:
- Emphasis.
- The titles of publications.
- Keyboard entries when a name or a variable must be
typed in place of the words in italics. For example,
copy file name means to type the word copy, to type
a space, and then to type a file name.
The plus sign (+) is used between keyboard keys to indicate that you should press the keys at the same time. For
example, Press Shift+F1 means to press the Shift key
and the F1 key at the same time.
Toolbar buttons serve as shortcuts for executing commands. Toolbar buttons are displayed after the command
they execute. For example,
On the Draw>Primitive menu, click Line
means
that you can click the Draw Line toolbar button to execute the Draw>Primitive>Line command.
ii
Getting Help
ANSYS Technical Support
To contact ANSYS technical support, please log on to the
ANSYS customer portal, http://www1.ansys.com/customer.
You can also contact your account manager or call the Helpdesk: (800) 711-7199.
All Simplorer software files are ASCII text and can be sent
conveniently by e-mail. When reporting difficulties, it is
extremely helpful to include very specific information about
what steps were taken or what stages the simulation reached,
including software files as applicable. This allows more rapid
and effective debugging.
Help Menu
To access online help from the Simplorer menu bar, click Help
and select from the menu:
Contents - click here to open the contents of the online
help.
Search - click here to open the search function of the
online help.
Index - click here to open the index of the online help.
Context-Sensitive Help
To access online help from the Simplorer user interface, do
one of the following:
To open a help topic about a specific Simplorer menu command, press Shift+F1, and then click the command or
toolbar icon.
To open a help topic about a specific Simplorer dialog box,
open the dialog box, and then press F1.
iii
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
Overview of the Simplorer Interface . . . . . . . . . 1-3
2-5
2-6
2-6
2-7
4-3
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-5
4-7
4-8
4-8
Contents-4
Estimated time to
complete this guide:
45 minutes.
Introduction
This Getting Started guide is written for Simplorer beginners as well as experienced users who are using version
11.0 for the first time.
Simplorer is a simulation package for multi-domain
designs that are commonly found in automotive, aerospace, power electronics, and electric drive systems.
Simplorer provides an approach for the virtual prototyping
of large-scale systems by letting you to develop a design
that combines predefined basic and industry-specific components with user-defined models. You can create models
in common programming languages or standard modeling
languages such as VHDL-AMS. The basic and industry-specific model libraries available for Simplorer provide readyto-use parameterized components, making Simplorer
accurate, and flexible.
Chapter 2 of this guide shows you how to create and
save a new Simplorer project.
Chapter 3 leads you step-by-step through creating,
solving, and analyzing the results of a Three-Phase
Rectifier.
Chapter 4 modifies the example of Chapter 3 by
replacing the resistive/inductive load with a real
machine model. The example is then expanded to
include a control circuit modeled first using discrete
components, then using state graph components.
Introduction 1-1
1-2 Introduction
Properties
window
Status bar
Message Manager
window
Progress
window
Project Manager
window and
Project Tree
Message Manager
window
Progress window
Properties
window
Design area
window
Menu bar
Toolbars
Status bar
1-4 Introduction
Creating a New
Project
Estimated time to
complete this chapter:
5 minutes.
Expected Results
After the simulation is run, the results are displayed in Report
windows. For example, the first simulation variation demonstrates these results:
Voltages of the sources ET1.V, ET2.V, and ET3.V
Voltage of the smoothing capacitor CD.V
Current of the load resistor R_LOAD.I
2
3
4
5
Note
Estimated time to
complete this chapter:
15 minutes.
Note
Note
You can also click the toggle triangle at the upper right
of the Project Manager window to expand the window
size. Use this feature to reduce the need for scrolling,
and to help you locate different elements more easily.
Create the Rectifier Model 3-3
The Finish command exits the place mode without placing a component and frees the cursor for selecting additional library components or other actions.
The Place and Finish command places an additional component before exiting place mode.
Note
You can also press the Esc key to exit place mode without
placing a component.
Sources
Component
R: Resistor
Quantity
4
L: Inductor
C: Capacitor
E: Voltage Source
Semiconductors D: Diode
System Level
Default placement
Shortcut Menu
commands
Hint
Use Draw>Align Horizontal to horizontally align the components, and Draw>Align Vertical to vertically align components.
Hint
Correctly created
connection
Type
Sine
(Time-controlled)
Quantities
Amplitude [V]=326; Frequency [Hz]=50;
Initial Delay [s]=0; Phase [deg]=0;
Offset [V]=0
ET2
Sine
(Time-controlled)
ET3
Sine
(Time-controlled)
R_A
R_B
R_C
R
(Linear)
Resistance [mOhm]=10
L_A
L_B
L_C
L
(Linear)
Inductance [mH]=0.3;
Initial Current [A]=0
D1D6
DEXP
(Exponential
Function)
CD
C
(Linear)
Capacitance [mF]=1;
Initial Voltage [V]=0
R_LOAD
R
(Linear)
Resistance [Ohm]=1.2
L_LOAD
L
(Linear)
Inductance [mH]=9.5;
Initial Current [A]=0
Note
You can also set the Visibility and initial Location for properties you
wish to display on the component dialog box Output/Display tab.
Note
You can also set the visibility and initial location for
properties you wish to display by double-clicking on a
component to open its Parameters dialog box. The Output/
Display tab has drop-down menus for setting the Visibility
and Location for each property.
Starting an Analysis
To start an analysis:
1 Start the analysis (simulation) by selecting the Simplorer
Circuit>Analyze menu command.
You can also right-click on Analysis in the Project Manager window and click Analyze on the short-cut menu,
click the Analyze icon on the Simplorer Simulation toolbar, or press F12 on your keyboard to start the analysis.
Analyze
The simulation model is compiled and outputs are calculated. During the simulation run, the name of the model is
visible in the simulation toolbar in the Progress window,
and a button to stop the simulation is available.
Begin by creating a 2D rectangular report that plots the threephase voltage source outputs.
1 Right-click on Results in the Project tree and select Create Standard Report>Rectangular Plot from the context
menu.
Hysteresis
Current-Controlled
DC-Motor Start-Up
Estimated time to
complete this chapter:
20 minutes.
Group
Electrical
Machines
Component
Quantity
DCMP: DC Permanent
Magnet Excitation
Semiconductor D: Diode
System Level BJT: Bipolar Junction
Transistor
1
1
Blocks
Signal
Processing
Tools
Equations
Symbol with
names selected
Ctrl+R to
rotate names
Move pointer
over name
Move name to a
new position
a new
Create
equation entry
Enter the
expression
Freewheeling Diode
Define the parameters of the diode.
1 Double-click the diode symbol to open its Parameters dialog box and set parameters.
Chopper Transistor
The transistor turns on and off depending on the machine current, IA. Initially, the transistor is set on to start the process.
Define the parameters of the transistor.
1 Double-click the transistor symbol to open its Parameters
dialog box.
Type
Parameters
DCM
FML_INIT1
LOAD:=0
D7
Exponential
Function
TR1
Exponential
Function
CONTR_OUT
The Characteristic plot displays diode D1s current as a function of its voltage and should look similar to the image below.
Group
States
Component
State 11 2x
Transition 2x
Tools
Equations
Initial Values 1x
5 All of the required components for the state graph are now
on the sheet. To connect the components, you must place
them in appropriate positions as shown in the figure
below. Note in particular the directions of the arrows on
the Transition components and rotate or flip components
as needed.
State graph controller
c. Create a new SET Action Type entry with the Add button.
d. Type CS in the Name field and 1 in the Value field.
This entry means that the variable CS (control signal)
is set to 1 if the state is active. You can click the [...]
button to open the Calculator window and confirm the
expression CS:=1 is present. (Click OK or Cancel to
close the window.)
e. Check the Activate State box to set the state active at
the beginning of the simulation.
f. Ensure that the TR radio button is selected.
g. Click OK to apply the changes.
c. Create a new SET Action Type entry with the Add button.
d. Type CS in the Name field and 0 in the Value field.
This entry means that the variable CS (control signal)
is set to 0 if the state is active.
e. Click OK to apply the changes.
3 Define the parameters of the initial value component.
a. Double-click the ICA symbol to open the component
dialog box and set parameters.
b. Turn off the Name and then create four new entries
with the Add button.
c. Click in the Equation field and type the name:=value
corresponding to the picture.
2 Clear the Control Signal Use Pin box, and enter the control variable CS in the Control Signal field.
3 Click OK to apply the changes.
Clear the
Use Pin box
Enter the
control variable
ent elements and parameters. Components can be deactivated with the Edit>Deactivate (Open) menu command or
the same command in the shortcut menu for the selected element. A deactivated (Open) component will have a large red
X over it.
Select the hysteresis block CONTR_OUT and choose
Edit>Deactivate (Open). The wires, connected with the
machine model and transistor, remain on the sheet.
Unused wire
Deactivated component
Type
Parameters
TR1
Exponential
Function
Name
Type
Parameters
DCM.IA>=IUPR
TRANS2
DCM.IA<=ILWR
ON
SET: CS:=1
OFF
SET: CS:=0
FML_INIT2
IREF:=20
DELTA:=2.5
IUPR:=IREF+DELTA
ILWR:=IREF-DELTA
DC machine Current
2 Delete the components. Choose Edit>Cut. The components are removed from the sheet. You can also press Ctrl
and the X key at the same time; or you can use the Delete
key on your keyboard.
3 Delete the remaining wires. Select any remaining unused
wires by holding down the Ctrl key and clicking to select
them. Press Ctrl+X to remove the wires.
Tools
Group
Component
Quantity
Continuous Blocks
GAIN: Gain
INTG: Integrator
2
1
Sources Blocks
Signal Processing
Blocks
LIMIT: Limiter
SUM: Summation
1
3
Time Functions
Enter values of
Load characteristic
All parameters of the PI controller should now have the correct values. The table below lists all components of the PI
controller and their parameter values.
Name
Output To
Parameters
SUM1
KP (Proportional Gain)=-16.6667m
TS (Sample Time)=System (0)
INPUT (Input Signal)=DCM.N
N_REF
SUM1
Value=16.6667
Sample Time=System
SUM1
P_GAIN
I_GAIN
Sample Time=System
Input[0]=N.VAL
INPUT[1]=N_REF.VAL
P_GAIN
SUM2
KP (Proportional Gain)=50
TS (Sample Time)=System (0)
INPUT (Input Signal)=SUM1.VAL
I_GAIN
SUM2
KI (Integral Gain)=20
Y0 (Initial Value)=0
UL (Upper Limit)=0
LL (Lower Limit)=0
TS (Sample Time)=System (0)
INPUT (Input Signal)=SUM1.VAL
SUM2
LIMITER
Sample Time=System
Input[0]=P_GAIN.VAL
INPUT[1]=I_GAIN.VAL
LIMITER
SUM3
UL (Upper Limit)=20
LL (Lower Limit)=0
TS (Sample Time)=System (0)
INPUT (Input Signal)=SUM2.VAL
SUM3
CONTR_OUT
Sample Time=System
Input[0]=LIMITER.VAL
INPUT[1]=-DCM.IA
Name
Output To
Parameters
CONTR_OUT
TR1.CTRL
LOAD
DCM.LOAD
Interpolation=Without
TPERIO (Period)= 0.1
PHASE (Phase)= 0
PERIO (Periodical)= Yes
TDELAY (Initial Delay)= 0
CHARACTERISTIC DATASET= $Load_Torque
x=0 y=0
x=0.075 y=10
x=0.1 y=10
Starting Simulation
Start the simulation with the Simplorer Circuit>Analyze
menu command or the right click on the Analysis icon on the
Project Manager window and select Analyze from the shortcut men. The simulation model is compiled and calculated.
Max Value.
e. Check the Specify Spacing box and change the Spacing value to 500. This setting controls the interval
between major tick divisions on the axis scale.
f. Change Minor Tick Divs to 1. This setting controls the
number of divisions between major divisions.
g. Repeat steps a through f for the Y- axis labelled
DCM.N.
h. For 10*DCM.IA Y-axis, first clear the Auto Units check
box and set Units to A, then repeat steps a through f.
2 Change the X-axis Properties.
a. Select the X-axis for editing.
b. On the Scaling tab, un-check Auto Units and select a
Units setting of s (seconds).
c. Set Min value to 0, Max value to 0.1, Spacing to 0.01,
and Minor Tick Divs to 1.
The finished plot should look similar to the following:
Using VHDL-AMS
Components for
Modeling
VHDL-AMS Components
The Basic Elements VHDLAMS library provides the user with
the most common basic functionality, circuit components and
block elements as VHDL-AMS models developed according to
IEEE 1076.1 (VHDL Analog and Mixed Signal Extensions Standard).
The functionality of the VHDL-AMS models is a subset of that
available in the equivalent Simplorer SML (Simplorer Modeling
Language) models provided in the Basic Elements library.
VHDL-AMS models can be used in parallel with SML models.
VHDL-AMS block and circuit models are simulated by the analog solver; while SML block elements are solved by a separate
block diagram simulator. Consequently, unlike SML models.
VHDL-AMS models will not display step delays along the simulator backplane. Numerical values of the VHDL-AMS data type
generic are defined at t = 0 and remain unchanged for the
remainder of the simulation.
You can view the inputs and outputs of a VHDL-AMS model
using the appropriate analog or digital report. You can also
view internal values used within the architecture of a model
on reports and use them as variables between models. However, if the VHDL-AMS design needs to be exported to other
simulators then internal values of the model should not be
used outside the model.
the ammeter.
Connection of ammeter
with SUM3 controller input
2 Change the Integration formula to Adaptive TrapezoidEuler,and the Maximum number of Iterations to 30. Make
sure the remainder of the settings are the same as in the
first example. Click OK to apply the changes.
4
5
6
menu command.
In the Project Manager tree, expand the existing XY Plot
and note that the DCM.N and 10*DCM.IA icons show that
these traces are no longer valid because the variable
names to which they were linked have been removed.
Right-click DCM.N, select Modify Report, and set the Y
trace to DCM.n.
Similarly modify 10*DCM.IA to 10*AM1.I. Click OK to apply
the changes.
Double-click the XY Plot icon to display the plot which
Variants of PWM
Modeling
A frequently used component in power electronic applications is a Pulse-Width Modulation controller. This device
works using a constant frequency, variable impulse width,
and a pulse duty factor.
Simplorer offers several ways to generate a model of this
kind of device. In addition to the implementation of the
internal circuit structure, behavioral models are increasingly important because they provide high simulation
speed combined with sufficient accuracy.
The following example contains PWM controllers
designed using several distinct Simplorer modeling
methods. All methods are included in one sheet so that
you can easily compare the differences between them.
Simplorer functions you will use in this example:
Basic functions (selecting, placing, arranging, and
connecting components)
Modeling with block components
Using Display Elements for displaying simulation
results
Using equations
Defining block Sequence
2 Double-click the ICA symbol to open the FML_INIT parameters dialog box. Create a new entry using the Add button . Click in the Equation field and enter FREQU:=10k.
3 Repeat step 2 to define the remaining initial values:
HI:=5
LO:=0
DUTY:=0.8
4 Click OK to apply the changes.
5
6
7
Simulation Results
The plot displays the simulation results for the triangle function (TRIANG1), actual PWM signal (EPWM1) and normalized
PWM signal (PWM1_NORM). The value of DUTY determines
the pulse width.
EPWM1
EPWM1_NORM
TRIANG1
You can leave the Value (VAL) output pin visible; however
the pin is not used in this example.
6
7
8
dialog box. Create a new Equation entry with the Add button. In the Equation field enter:
EPWM2:=HI*(TRIANG2<DUTY)+LO*(TRIANG2>DUTY).
Repeat the above step to add the following equation:
EPWM2_NORM:=TRIANG2<DUTY
Click OK to apply the changes.
Add an on-sheet Rectangular Plot as in the first example.
However, for this plot, define outputs and add traces for
the TRIANG2.VAL, EPWM2, and EPWM2_NORM signals.
Name the plot Equation and Time Function Model; and
save the project using File>Save As.
Start the simulation with the Simplorer Circuit>Analyze
menu command. The simulation model is compiled and
calculated.
The resulting plot should be identical to the one plotted in
the first example.
2 Drag a TRIANG component from the Basic Elements>Tools>Time Functions folder onto the sheet.
Change the component name to TRIANG3.
3 Connect the components as shown in the figure.
2 Similarly define the parameters of the state ON component in its Parameters dialog box. Create a new SET entry
and enter EPWM3 in the Name field and HI in the Value
field. Create another SET entry and enter EPWM3_NORM in
Variants of PWM Modeling 7-9
6
7
the Name field and 1 in the Value field. Do not check Activate State. Click OK to apply the changes.
Double-click the TRANS1 symbol and enter TRIANG3<DUTY
in the Condition for transition field. This entry means
that the condition becomes true if the value of the triangular function, TRIANG3, is lower than the DUTY value as
defined in the initial value condition. Click OK to apply the
changes. Similarly, for TRANS2, enter TRIANG3>DUTY in
the Condition for transition field. In this case, the condition becomes true if the value of the triangular function is
lower than the DUTY value. Click OK to apply the changes.
Double-click the TRIANG3 symbol to open its Parameters
dialog box. On the Parameters tab, set the Amplitude
(AMPL) to 0.5, Frequency (FREQ) to FREQU, and Offset
(OFF) to 0.5. On the Output/Display tab un-check Show
Pin for Value (VAL) as the pin is not used in this model.
Click OK to apply the changes.
Add an on-sheet Rectangular Plot as in the previous examples. However, for this plot, define outputs and add traces
for the TRIANG3.VAL, EPWM3, and EPWM3_NORM signals.
Name the plot State Graph Model; and save the project
using File>Save As.
Start the simulation with the Simplorer Circuit>Analyze
menu command.
The resulting plot should be identical to the one plotted in
the first example.
Importing Legacy
Schematics
Estimated time to
complete this chapter:
20 minutes.
You can also drag the file directly onto the open Simplorer
window.
A Legacy translation Options dialog box appears.
Note
7 Double-click the Options and TR icons to open the Solution Options and Transient Analysis Setup dialog boxes,
and confirm that the legacy settings have been transferred
correctly.
8 Select Simplorer Circuit>Output Dialog to open the Outputs dialog box and observe that the defined outputs have
been translated.
Starting an Analysis
To start an analysis:
1 Start the analysis (simulation) by selecting the Simplorer
Circuit>Analyze menu command.
You can also right-click on Analysis in the Project Manager
window and click Analyze on the short-cut menu, or press
F12 on your keyboard to start the analysis.
The simulation model is compiled and outputs are calculated. During the simulation run, the name of the model is
visible in the simulation toolbar in the Progress window,
and a button to stop the simulation is available.
Index
A
Adding a Rectangular Plot 5-13
Adjusting Plot Properties 5-14
Arranging components 4-4, 5-4,
6-4, 7-3, 7-6, 7-8, 7-11
.asmp file 2-5, 8-2
Automatic block sorting 5-16
B
Block diagram
Hysteresis controller 4-9
Modeling PI controller 5-8
Modeling PWM controller
7-11
Block sample time 4-9
Block sequence 5-16
C
Capacitor 3-11
Characteristic component 5-5
Chopper transistor 4-8
Components
Connecting 3-8, 4-5, 4-16,
5-5, 6-4
Deactivating 4-19
Deleting 4-3, 5-3
Placing 4-4, 5-4, 6-4, 7-3, 76, 7-8, 7-11
Connecting components 3-8, 45, 4-16, 5-5, 6-4
Constant block 5-8
context-sensitive help 2-iii
Controller
Modeling using block diagram 4-9
Modeling using state graph
4-15
PI controller 5-8
conventions used in guide 2-ii
copyright notice 1-II
D
DC machine component 4-5
DC machine component (VHDL-AMS) 6-4
Deactivating components on
the sheet 4-19
Deleting
Components 4-3, 5-3
design
adding a solution setup 4-2
Index-1
E
Equations
Modeling PWM controller 7-3
F
Freewheeling diode 4-8
G
Gain block 5-8
Ground node 3-7
H
help
Ansoft technical support 2-iii
context-sensitive 2-iii
on dialog boxes 2-iii
on menu commands 2-iii
Hysteresis block 4-9, 5-10
I
Inductor 3-10
Initial conditions
setting 7-3
Initial value component 4-7, 4-18, 7-3
Integrator block 5-9
Intrinsic Variables 7-3
L
Limiter block 5-9
M
Manual block sorting 5-16
Mechanical load
Characteristic 5-5
Initial value 4-7
Modeling
Hysteresis controller 4-9, 4-15
PWM controller 7-1
With block diagram 4-9, 7-11
With state graph components 4-15, 7-8
Modifying
Display Elements 4-11
Moving
Property Names 4-6
N
Name Reference 4-19
O
Optimetrics
capabilities 2-4
P
PI (predefined constant) 7-4
PI controller 5-8
Pins
Displaying 6-5
Placing components 4-4, 5-4, 6-4, 7-3, 7-6,
7-8, 7-11
Plot Properties
Adjusting 5-14
Predefined
Constants 7-3
project
Index-2
adding 4-2
Starting
Simulation 3-22, 7-5, 7-7, 7-10, 7-12, 86
State component 4-16
State graph properties 4-16
Summation 5-9
T
Three-Phase Rectifier
About 2-2
creating the schematic 3-2
Time (simulation time) 7-3
Time function 7-6
trademark notice 1-II
Transistor 4-8, 4-19
Transition component 4-18
Triangular wave function 7-6
Two-point Element 4-9
Resistor 3-10
results
expected 2-3
Index-3