Saudi Electricity Company: Eastern Operating Area Dammam, Saudi Arabia

TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
30421008-3CL-00014-
GROUNDING SYSTEM CALCULATION FOR NEW

POWER PLANT AT RAFHA
SHEET OF
i i
OF 4
SAUDI ELECTRICITY COMPANY

EASTERN OPERATING AREA
Dammam, Saudi Arabia
GENERATION EXPANSION OF RAFHA POWER PLANT
(CONTRACT NO : 30421008/00)
GROUNDING SYSTEM CALCULATION FOR
NEW POWER PLANT AT RAFHA
DOCUMENT NO. : 30421008-3CL-00014-P0C
DECEMBER, 2004
ENGINEERING CONSULTANT
73/1, ST. MARKS ROAD
BANGALORE 560 001
INDIA
CONTRACTOR:
AL-TOUKHI COMPANY FOR INDUSTRY & TRADING
P.O. BOX 497, RIYADH 11411, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
TEL. 00966-1-4633660 : FAX. 00966-1-4631150
P0C
09.12.2004
MP
SR
P0B
12.10.2004
RMRB
HRC
REV NO . DATE
PREPARED BY
CHECKED BY
CLEARED BY
APPROVED BY
TCE FORM 032 R1

30421008-3CL-00014-
CONTENTS

SHEET 1 of 1
OF 4
CONTENTS
CLAUSE No.
DESCRIPTION
PAGE No.
1.0
Introduction
2.0
Reference drawings / Documents
3.0
Design Basis
4.0
Selection of Earthing Conductors
5.0
List of Abbreviations and Design parameters
6.0
Calculation of Step and Touch potential for

Main plant Area
7.0
Conclusion
14
ANNEXURES
1.0
Annexure-1-Summary of sizes of Equipment

Earthing leads
15
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1.

SHEET 1 of 15
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INTRODUCTION:
1.1
Al-Toukhi company for Industry & Trading has been awarded

turnkey contract for Open Cycle Gas Turbine based CPS expansion
project at Rafha of Saudi Electric Company-Eastern Operation Area
(SEC-EOA), Saudi Arabia.
1.2
The project consists of design, engineering, procurement,

installation, testing and commissioning of two (2) Nos. 29.92MW @
50C, Gas Turbine Generator unit of GE make along with associated
Generator Transformer and other balance of plant electro-mechanical
equipment.
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2. REFERENCE DRAWINGS/DOCUMENTS
2.1
IEEE80 Guide for safety in AC substation Grounding
2.2
SEC-ERB Engineering Standards SES-P-119.10-Grounding.
2.3
Scope of Work and Technical Specifications. PTS-1024.
2.4
General site Layout. Dwg No:KA 666782, P0F
2.5
Grounding Grid at GT Area Dwg No. KA-667088, P0C
2.6
Key Grounding Layout. Dwg No: KA-667089, P0B.
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3.0

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DESIGN BASIS
3.1
The average soil resistivity for the purpose of earthing system design is
taken as 26.588 ohm metre from the soil resistivity test data by taken
the average values measured at various locations.
3.2
Maximum fault current of 44.846kA (= 46kA) is observed on 480V LV

station Aux. Swithcgear, as per short ckt. Study doc. # 30421008-3CL00013 (Refer enclosed ETAP Report 2)
3.3
Fault clearing time for sizing the Main earthing conductor is taken as 1
second.
3.4
In case of equipment earthing, maximum ground fault is considered for

frame earthing.
3.5
The maximum allowable temperature rise for cadweld joints

(homogeneous conductor) is taken as 1083C (as per Cl.no 7.2 of SESP-119.10, Page 14 of 43).
3.6
The minimum shock duration for calculation is taken as 0.5 sec (as per
Cl.no 4.0 of SES-P-119.10, page 7 of 43)
3.7
Plant grounding system will be designed such that overall grounding

resistance is less than 0.5 Ohm( as per Cl.no 6.18.2-b of PTS 1024,
Page 240 of 331.)
3.8
Current Division factor for the calculation is taken as 0.7 (as per Cl.no4.0 of SES-P-119.10, Page 7 of 43)
3.9
Main Grounding grid conductor not less than 240 Sqmm (as per cl.no
6.18.2-c of PTS 1024, Page 240 of 331)
3.10
The grounding grid will be designed to achieve safety from dangerous

step and touch voltages in complete plant area from generator
transformer upto stack covering both units.
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4.0
SELECTION OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS
4.1
Conductor Material
SHEET 4 of 15
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Copper is considered as the Earthing conductor material as per the

CL.No.7-0 of SES-P-119.10, Page, 12 of 43.
4.2
a)
Conductors buried in earth
Soft Drawn Bare

Copper Conductor
b)
Conductors above ground level

in trenches and concrete
Soft Drawn Bare

Copper Conductor
c)
Rod Electrodes
Copper clad steel.

(as per CL.No 7-0 of
SES-P-119-10 Page 12
of 43)
d)
Equipment earthing leads
Insulated Copper
Conductor.
Size of Conductors
4.2.1 Main Earthing Conductors

The main earthing conductor for the power plant will be designed for
the highest earth fault level in the system. i.e., 46kA.
The Earthing conductor sizes have been calculated as per the
following formula (as per Eq 10-13 of SES-P-119.10, page 10 of 43)
tcxrxrx 10 4
I
TCAPx10 4
K Tm )
x ln 0
tc x r x r
K 0 Ta
A =
or
TCAP
A= Ix
ln 1
Tm Ta
K 0 Ta
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where:
I=
rms current in kA (see below) = 46 kA (maximum fault current

observed on 0.48kV as per
no:-.30421008-3CL-00001-P0A.
short
circuit
study
Doc
A=
conductor cross section, in mm2
Tm =
maximum allowable temperature in C = 1083C (as per Cl.no

7.2 of SES-P-119.10 Page 14 of 43 table 10-1)
Ta =
Ambient temperature in C= 50 C (as per Cl.no 4.01.1 of PTS1024, page 67 of 331)
r =
Thermal coefficient of resistivity at reference
temperature r (r = 0.00393, see IEEE 80, Table 1)

or (as per Cl.no 7.2 of SES-P-119.10 Page 14 of 43
Table 10-1).
K0 =
234 (ref. IEEE.80 Table 1) or (as per Cl.no 7.2 of SESP-119.10 , Page 14 of 43 Table 10-1.)
tc =
time of current flow, in s =1 sec
TCAP =
thermal capacity factor = 3.42, (ref. Table 1) or (as per Cl.no 7.2
of SES-P-119.10 Page 14 of 43 table 10-1)
or r=
Resistivity of ground conductor at reference temperature in -cm

(Ref. IEEE.80 Table 1).or (as per Cl.no 7.2 of SES-P-119.10
Page 14 of 43 table 10-1) = 1.7421
Substituting the above values,

A = 166.17 mm2
Minimum Area of cross section of conductor required is 166.17 mm 2
However, earthing conductor cross section of 240 sq.mm. is selected as per
Cl.no 6.18.2-c of PTS 1024, Page 240 of 331.
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4.2.2 Rod Electrodes

15-mm diameter, 2500mm long, copper clad steel rods will be provided
for direct driven electrodes. As per CL.NO 8.4.1 of SES -P-119.10
Page 16 of 43.
4.2.3 Equipment Earthing Leads
The size of the earthing leads depends upon the type of equipment and
structure to be earthed and are provided as per Table 10-3 of SES-P119.10 page 28 of 43.
The sizes of earthing conductor selected for each equipment is listed in
Annexure-1.
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5.0 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DESIGN PARAMETERS

Description
Fault Current
Fault Current Division factor
Maximum design grid current that
flows between ground grid and
surrounding earth.
Maximum Grid Potential Rise
Ambient temperature
Diameter of grid conductor
Average soil resistivity
Surface layer resistivity (washed
granite)
Surface layer thickness
Surface layer resistivity de rating
factor
Duration of shock for determining
allowable body current
Depth of burial of ground grid
Spacing for mesh voltage
Spacing for step voltage
Corrected factor for grid geometry
Corrected factor that adjusts the
effect of inner conductors on the
corner mesh
Corrected weightage factor for
accounting the effect of grid depth
Reference depth of the grid
Total number of electrodes
Length of each ground rod
Total length of ground rods
Effective Length of Lc+ LR for step
voltage
Symbol
If
Unit
kA
Value
46
Sf
0.7
IG
kA
32.2
Refer cl.6.4
V
C
m
6504.4
50
0.0185
Ohm
m
26.588
Ohm
m
5000
hs
0.10
Refer cl.6.4
Refer cl.4.2.1
Refer cl. 6.5
From Soil
Resistivity
Report
SES-P-119.10
page 14 of 43
SES-P-119.10
page 5 of 43
Cs
0.691
Refer cl.6.2
ts
Sec.
0.5
Refer cl.6.2
0.75
cl.8.03 of SEC Spec

(SES- P-119.10).
section 8.2.3
Km
Ks
Ki
0.634
0.302
2.399
Kii
Kh
1.323
Refer cl.6.5
h0
nR
20
Lr
2.5
LR
50
Refer cl.6.5
Refer cl.
4.2.2/6.5
SES-P-119.10
Page 18 of 43
Refer cl.6.5
Ls
1157
Refer cl.6.6
GPR
Ta
d
Remarks
Refer cl.3.2
SES-P-119.10
page 7 of 43
Refer cl.6.5
Refer cl.6.6
Refer cl.6.5
For grids with
ground rods as
per IEEE-80
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Total buried length of grid

conductors
Total / Effective length of Lc + LR
for mesh voltage (LT)
Peripheral length of the grid
Total area enclosed by the grid
Spacing between parallel
conductors
Number of conductors parallel on
the longer side
Number of conductors parallel on
the shorter side
Tolerable ETOUCH
Attainable ETOUCH
Tolerable ESTEP
Attainable ESTEP
Resistance of ground grid
SHEET 8 of 15
OF 4
Lc
1486
Refer cl.6.1
LM
1565.12
Refer cl.6.5/6.3
Lp
A
m
Sq.m
258
3920
Refer cl.6.5
Refer cl.6.1
Refer cl.6.1
Ny
10
Refer cl.6.1
Nx
14
Refer cl.6.1
1014.61
Refer cl.6.2/7.2
831.98
Refer cl.6.5/7.2
3564.78
Refer cl.6.2/7.2
V
Ohm
537.16
0.203
Refer cl.6.6/7.2
Refer cl.6.3
Tolerable
ETOUCH
ETOUCH
Tolerable
ESTEP
ESTEP
Rg
6.0
CALCULATION OF STEP AND TOUCH POTENTIAL FOR MAIN

PLANT AREA
6.1
Earthing grid area and Grid spacing
The Earthing grid for Power plant area will be arranged in the form of parallel
conductors to form a mat in order to limit the step and touch potential to
permissible limits.
Earth Grid area, A = 49 m x 80 m = 3920 m 2 (GTG Area Ref Dwg no
KA667088, P0C)
N
MAIN PLANT
AREA
49 M
80 M
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Assuming conductor spacing D = 7m

No. of conductors parallel to the longer side, n y
= 10
No. of conductors parallel to the shorter side, n x
= 14
Therefore length of buried conductor
=((10 x 80) +(14 x 49)

= 1486 m
Total buried length, Lc = 1486 m

6.2
Calculation of tolerable Etouch and Estep voltage
a) Tolerable Etouch :
For average 50kg body weight, the tolerable touch voltage as per Eq. 32 of
IEEE-80 or as per Eq.10-4 of SES-P-119.10, page 6 of 43
Etouch
1000 1.5. Cs .
0.116
s
.
ts
Cs = Surface layer de rating factor

s = the Surface resistivity of soil, which is considered as 5000 as per table 7
of IEEE80
ts = the duration of fault current = 0.5 sec.
hs = Thickness of the asphalt surface layer = 0.1m
(as per SES-P-119.10 Page 5 of 43)

0.09. 1
Cs 1
2hs 0.09
as per Eq.10-5 of SES-P-119-10 page 6 of 43
Cs = 0.691
Tolerable Etouch = 1014.23 V
b) Tolerable Estep
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SHEET 10 of 15
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For average 50kg body weight, the tolerable step voltage as per Eq. 29 of
IEEE-80 or as per Eq.10.3 of SES-P-119.10, Page 6 of 43
Estep (1000 6Cs.s ).
0.116
ts
Tolerable Estep = 3564.78 V

6.3 For Grid resistance, Rg
The value of grounding resistance shall be calculated using the following
formula (as per Eq 10-12 of SES-P-119.10,page11 of 43)
1 1
1
Rg 1
LT 20 A 1 h 20 / A
Where,
Rg = Grid Resistance in ohms.
= Average ground receptivity in ohm-m.
A = The area occupied by the ground grid in m2
LT = The total / effective buried length of conductors in m (L M)
h = Depth of grid in meters excluding asphalt covering if any.
Rg = 0.203
6.4 Calculation of maximum Grid potential rise
Maximum grid potential rise, GPR is
GPR IG.Rg
( as
per Eq 10-2 of SES-P-119.10, Page 5 of 43).
IG = If x Sf = 46 x 0.7 = 32.2 kA.

Therefore,
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GPR = 6,504.4 Volts.

Since GPR > Tolerable Estep, Emesh & attainable Estep potentials have to be
calculated.
6.5 Calculation of Attainable Emesh Voltage
.Km.Ki.IG
Emesh
LM
LM Lc 1.55 1.22
as per Eq.10-8 of SES-P-119.10, Page 8 of 43.
Lr
LR
Lx Ly
2
Where,
Lr is the length of each ground rod = 2.5m
Lx is the Maximum length of grid conductor in x direction = 42m
Ly is the Maximum length of grid conductor in y direction = 80m
LR is the total length of ground rods = 2.5x 20 = 50m
LM (LT)= 1565.12 m The total/effective buried length of conductors
As per Eq.81 of IEEE-80, or as per Eq 10.9 of SES-P-119.10, page 9 of 43
the spacing factor for mesh voltage,
Km
1
2.
8
ln D D 2.h h Kii ln
8 Dd
4d
Kh .( 2n 1)
16.h.d
Kii = 1 for grids with ground rods.

Where, Kii = Corrective weighing factor (Ref as per Cl.no.4.2.2 of SES-P119.10 of page 9 of 43)
D is the grid spacing = 7m
'd' is the diameter of the grid conductor = 18.5 mm (As per Saudi Cable
Company catalogues, 240Sqmm conductor dia is 18.5mm)
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Kh 1
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h
h0
h is the depth of the grid conductor = 0.75m

h0 is the reference depth = 1m.
Kh = 1.323
As per Eq,84 of IEEE-80 or as per Cl.No 4.2.2 of SES-P-119.10, page 9 of 43.
number of parallel paths,
n na.nb.nc.nd
na
nb
2.Lc
Lp
Lp
4. A
nc = nd =1 for rectangular and square grid.

na = 11.52, nb = 1.03
No. of parallel paths, n = 11.86
LP = 258 m, peripheral length of the grid
Km =0.634
Corrective factor, Ki (as Cl.No 4.2 of SES-P-119.10 of page 8 of 43)
Ki 0.644 0.148.n
Ki = 2.399
Substituting the above values,
Attainable Emesh = 831.98 V
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6.6 Calculation of Attainable step voltage

From Eq.92 of IEEE-80,or as per Eq.10-10 of SES-P-119.10 , Page 10 of 43.
Attainable Estep is
Attainable Estep
.Ks.Ki.IG
Ls
The effective buried length, Ls is

Ls 0.75.Lc 0.85.LR
Ls = 1157 m
The spacing factor for step voltage, KS
1 1
1
1
Ks
1 0.5n 2
2.h D h D
Ks = 0.302
By substituting the above values,
Attainable Estep = 537.16 V
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7.0
CONCLUSION
7.1
The Earthing conductor sizes selected are as below:
a)
Conductors buried in earth
b)
Conductors above ground

trenches
Rod Electrodes
Equipment earthing leads
c)
d)
7.2
SHEET 14 of 15
OF 4
240 Sq.mm stranded bare

copper.conductor.
in
240
sq.mm
copper
:
conductor.
: 15 mm dia copper clad steel
: As listed in Annexure-1.
:
level
and
The Grid spacing selected for Main plant is 7 m.

Tolerable Etouch
1014.23 V
Attainable Etouch
831.98 V
Tolerable Estep
3564.78 V
Attainable Estep
537.16 V
It can be seen that with the selected spacing, the attainable step and
mesh potentials are within permissible step and touch potentials
respectively.
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SHEET 15 of 15
OF 4
ANNEXURE-1
SIZES OF MINIMUM CONDUCTORS AND LEADS
The electrical equipment shall be connected to the secondary earthing
system as described below for equipment safety Grounding as per SES-P119.10, Table 10.3.
EQUIPMENT
Transformers body
Transformer neutral
Generator Switchgear (GCB)
Generator
13.8kV Busducts
MV switchboards
LV switchboards & DBs
125V DCDBs.
UPS & UPSDB
MV motors
LV motors
Battery charger
Main Lighting Distribution Board
Lighting Panel
Power Receptacles
Control and Relay Panels
Street Lighting Poles
Cable Trays
Fuel Tanks
Big metal objects and not-electric
machinery
Main metal structures of buildings
Metal stack
Fence and Gate
NUMBER OF
CONNECTION
2
2
2
CONDUCTOR SIZE
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1 every 10 m
4
240 Sq.mm cu
240 Sq.mm cu
240 Sq.mm cu
240 Sq.mm cu
240 Sq.mm cu
240 Sq.mm cu
240 Sq.mm cu
240 Sq.mm cu
240 Sq.mm cu
95 Sq.mm.cu
Half the power cable size.
240 Sq.mm cu
240 Sq.mm cu
50 Sq.mm cu
50 Sq.mm cu
95 Sq.mm cu
120 Sq.mm cu
50 Sq.mm cu
185 Sq.mm cu
95 Sq.mm cu
2
-
120 Sq.mm cu
95 Sq.mm cu
50 Sq.mm cu
As per GE
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GROUNDING SYSTEM CALCULATION FOR NEW