\es. Ay. Sid. Vol. VII; No. 1-2, pp.

23-32

A Ciiriical Study on Annabedi Chenduram

in Pandu Based on Siddha Concept
1
pW ' D. S, Jayakaran ,

. Meenakshinathan2,

and K. Gopakumar3

Received on July 12th, 1985

On the basis of methodology describ*rt the Siddha literature, a clinical

'y about the effect of Siddha drug,
abedi chendttram was made. From the
atient Department 90 patients were
Wed for this study. An in depth study
made and ths results obtained are
here. The values are correlated with
_ arameters like haemoglobin level
fom the study it has been observed
xAnnabedi Chenduram is effective for
ititient of iron deficiency anaemia.

of his skin when he was born. This

clinical condition in which pallor of the
body occurs is also termed Pandu. There
is an alternate name Veluppu Noi, used
in some of the Siddha literature
(Shanmugavel, 1972).

Pandu is described as a diseased

condition in which the natural colour of
the body, including the nail beds and
conjunctiva, becomes pale and mellow.
The Siddha treatment contemplates five
\' . !
types of Pandu roga. 1. Vat ha Pandu,
oduction
2. Pitha Pandu, 3. Kaba Pandu, 4. MukThe term' Pandu denotes the pallor kutra Pandu and 5. Mannun Pandu
e of body. As per the Siddha tiadi- (Vasu Deva Sasthiri & Venkatrajan, 1962).
i this word is derived from the The syndrome of Pandu (Scgai) is almost
racter of lPandu\ patriarch of >"Maha- correlated with the clinical conditions of
atham' because of his mellow colour "Anaemia" as described in Modern
Medicine, (Pillai, T V S., 1931).
r Research Officer (Siddha)
^Assistant Research Officer (Pathology)
[Research Assistant (Siddha)
feal Research Unit (Siddha), Govt, Siddha
liical College, Palayamkottai.

Tn the modern medicine the clinical

features of Anaemia are described as
follows. The Anaemic patients have
clinical features which are the direct
consequence of the diminished oxygen
23

D.S. JAYAKARAN et at
carrying power of the blood on the tissue
and organs of the body. Its occurrence
" and severity depend on the degree of
anaemia, especially on rapidity of its
development. Its symptoms are fatigue
and lassitude, breathlessness on exertion,
dizziness, giddiness, diminished vision,
headache, insomnia, pallor of the skin
and mucus membrane, palpitation, tachycardia, cardiac dilatation, functional
systolic murmur, anorexia and dyspepsia,
tingling and 'pins and needles' sensation
in fingers and toes (paresthesia). In
severe cases there may be oedema of
the ankle and basal crepitation (Davidson
et al, 1971).
Aims and Objectives of the study
In clinical practice Pandu roga is
successfully being treated by the traditional Vaidyas and the Institutional
Hospital of Siddha Medicine through tne
therapeutic application of Annabedi Chenduram. Therefore it was felt essential to
undertake a study to precisely gauge
the therapeutic efficiency of Annabedi
Chenduram in clinical management of
Pandu using both the clinical Siddha and
modern parameters.
Materials and Methods
m'i,
The cases for study were selected on
the basis of diagnostic method described
in Siddha literature. They were Erivdgai
thervugal, which is 'compared vith AsHta
Pariksha of Ayurveda, conditions " of
Mukkutra Nilai, i.e. Thiridoshic (Vatha,

Pitha, Kaba) conditions, various 0

Kattu Nilai i.e. Thatus, Kalam i.e., sea
nal occurrence of diseaff and Tjiinai:
place where patients live. 1
|

The observations tabulated here

based on ninety cases which were sele
from the ; In-patient Department i n |
years of clinical study.

Table-I
Showing the sex factor

No.
1.
2.

Sex

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

No. of
cases

Percent^
4

Male
Female

42
47%jj
48
53M
"t V V*
Table-fl
u J
Showing the Age factor tVfl
Age

No.
Below
1 to
13 to
26 to
Above

No. of Perasnn
cases _

1 years
12 years
25 years
45 years
4$ years

8
17
34.
3}

'V. '..vf
9%

Table-Ill
it > -wsJ
Showing the Socio-econoi
"Jf ' S i
Status
No. of
No.
- fM
cases
1.
2.
3:

24

< .

Observations

Poor
v Middle
class

> Jjwj
I smm jj

18 <
iwTJ !
llp' ) (71

ITCAL STUDY ON ANNABEDI CHENDURAM

Table-IV
Showing the (Kalam) seasonal iacidence

Season

Month
Tamil and English

Muthu Yenil

Ani and AdiJune,

July and August

15

17%

Chithirai and Vaikashi

April, May and June

13

14%

Avani and Puratasi

August, September and
October

17

Ua Venil
Kar Kalam

No. of cases

Percentage

Margazhi and Thai

December, January and
February

Mun Pani
Kalam
Pin Pani
Kalam

8%

Thai and Masi

January, February and
March

29

32%

Ayppasi, Karthigai
October November and
December

Koodir Kalam

10%

fef" '
Table-VI

Table-V
ing the factors of Place (Thinai)
where the disease occurred
m

li

Thinai
Kurinchi
, Mullai
Marutham
Neithal
Palai

Showing the Mukkutra Nilai

No. of
cases

Percentage

No.

45
3
16
8
18

50%
3%

1.
2.

18%
9%
20%

3.

Udal
Eyalbu

No. of
cases

Percentage

Vatha Udal

14

16%

Pitha Udal

54

60%

22

24%

Kaba Udal

D.S. AYAK ARAN et al

Table-VII

Showing onset of disease

No.

Onset

No. of
cases

Percentage

1.

Acute

14

16%

2.

Chronic

76

84%

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Showing the Disturbance of Seven Udal

Kattu Nilai (Thatus) in the cases studied

1.

Udal
Thatus

Vatha Pitham
Vatha Kabam
Pitha Vatham
Pitha Kabam
Kaba Vatham
Kaba Pitham

2. Sparism :

Table-VIII

No.

No. of Percentage
cases
affected

Warm
Cold
Hot
Swelling

3. Naa :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Reddish
Glossy
Furred
Clear
Coated

Rasam
(Saram)

67

75%

Raktham
(Senner)

90

100%

Mamisam
(Oon)

36

40%

4.

Kozuppu

76

5.
6.

Enbu

72

85%
80%

10%

1. Normal
2. Pale
3. Black

7.

Sukkilam

45

50%

5. Mozhi:

2.
3.

Moolai

Table IX
Showing the observation of Envagai
Thervugal
No. Envagai Thervugal
No. of cases
1
1. Naadis
1. Vatha
2. Pitha
3. Kaba

4. Niram :

1. Clear
2. Slurred
6. Vizhi:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6
5

2$

Clear
Pale
Yellowish
Reddish
Dryness ^ -

STUDY ON Annabedi

Chenduram
1

3. Haemorragic
diseases :

lam :
pfttal (Free) motion
jbnsiipated
liese (Frequent) motion
ojthiram :
brmal Micturition
ity Micturition
ing Micturition
r&sed Micturition

2.

15
63
12

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

8
60
20
2

Table-X

4.
i-

of Pandu in the cases studied

Piles
15
Peptic Ulcer
5
Dysentry
12
Haematurea
2
Menstrual
25
disorder
f. Bleeding Gums
6
*

Metabolic disorders
Diabetes
2
Thyroid disease
_
Nephritis
Intake of drugs or
Toxic Agents
5
Infections :
Tuberculosis
6
Syphilis
2
1
Malaria

17%
6%
13%
2%
28%
7%
2%

No. of
cases

Jfiology

form Infestation
36
ifcftciency of Iron
stake (Food Habit) 45

Percentage
5.
6.

40%
50%

6%
7%
2%

Table-XI
Showing the prominent symptoms at the time of Admission & Improvement
after Treatment
Signs & Symptoms

No. of cases
before
Treatment

No. of cases
improved
after treatment
4

Percentage
of
improvement
5

Pallor of conjuctiva

90

78

86%

Pallor of the Nail beds

70

59

73%

Pallor of the body

65

42

65%

bOfeiema

15

60%

38%

ifiijected eye

(Contd.)
27

B.s. JAYAKARAN et at

4
9

7. Loss of appetite

82

63

8. Pain in abdomen

20

16

9. Dullness of vision

11. Dyspnoea on exertion

64

45

12. Giddiness

58

39

13. Ulceration of mouth

35

28

14. Diarrhoea

17

15

15. Vomitting

16. Soar throat

17. Syncope

18. Pairi in the hip

21

16

19. Lassitude

16

12

20. Tiredness

32

26

21. Emacitation

12

22. Palpitation

48

30

23. Frequency of micturition

13

25. Excessive thirst

21

14

26. Worms in the faeces

24

21

27, Ihdigesion

32

24

28. Constipation

58

43

29. Loss of sleep

11 ,

6. Shivering of the body

10. Acidic or bitter taste on tongue

24. Anasarca

28

3AL STUDY ON

Annabedi Chenduram
(Kuppusamy Muthaliar,
Uthamarayan, C.S., 1984).

Table-XII
jwing percentage of haemoglobin
level during admission
No. of
cases

Percentage

64

71%

23

26%

I t to 70%

3%

71 to 80%

ercentage
S m
If* *>!"*'
jj$Jto50% r
[5J to 60% ,

80% and above

K.N.

and

In Annabedi Iron exists in both

Ferrous and Ferric forms. The percentage
of Iron of ferrous form in Annabedi is
25%. No copper and cobalt content was
detected ( i n this medicine. By animal
experimentation also it has been proved
that it improves Hb% in anaemic rats.
(Rajeswari, S., 1975).

Discussion
Table-XUI

From our study

average percentage of haemoglobin level increased after treatment

p days
gOft'10 days - - t r , . ^ " ,
W^Odays M
8 1 3 0 days - r r IM^
WpO da^s rv1 ''Jv

Percentage of
increase
7%
15%
25%
30%

IALYSIS
* f *'
of Preparation
Ki \ i '{
pvAnnabedi
(Green Vitreol) is
ed in lime juice triturated in a
im and made in to small discs. The
Tare placed in the lower part of the
pike' mud pot and covered with the
one and sealed the junction with
[clay, dried and submitted putam with
Jflang cakes. The resultant product
aken and ground in powder form.

it is observed that
'Pandu' Is more associated with pitha
pragiruthi bodies of human being. In
* Pitha Udal' the production of bile
becomes aggravated and consequently the
haemopoiesis is degenerated. This leads
to haemolysis. So there is more need of
iron for the body. Hence the therapeutic
use of ferrous iron which is in Annabedi
Ckeridtirdm is beneficial to disease Pitha
Pandu.
Conceptionally, it is believed that in
Pandu patients the most aggravated
cosmic elements are Vayu and Theyu.
Vayu represents the Vatha and Theyu
represent the 'Pitha\ Vayu controls the
taste of (Karpu) pungency and Theyu
controls the taste of (Uppu) saltishness.
Both these tastes are considered to be of
Ushna veerya potency (Hot potency). Specially the absence of saltishness deprives
the food of its natural flavour and taste.

D.S. JAYAKARAN et al
Therefore, it leads to total state of
tastelessness anorexia. It is observed that
most of the Pandu patients had the
prominent symptoms of anorexia and
few were with saltish taste of tongue.
The treatment with Annabedi chenduram
which contain^ the ferrous iron noted
for its 'astringency' and having cooling
potency (Seetha veerium), balances the
Pitha state and restores the patients to
the normalcy.
According to the Siddha literature Kar
kalam and Pin pani kalam are the periods
when the 'Pitha' gets vitiated. Pandu
is one of the 4Pitha* disease which is
a1 so common in that season. In our study
the occurrence of the disease is also
common in Kar kalam (19%) and Pin
pani kalam (32%). In hot season Muthu
venil kalam when the sun is hot, also
this disease is common (17%).
The weather, water, climatic changes,
the vegetation, diet factors, occupation
etc., all have greater influence over the
physical, mental and social welfare of the
inhabitants of the region. In our study
the disease is prevalant in the habitants
having climatic and adaptic factors
correctable to the 'Kurinchi Nilam' (i.e.
Hill area) where the infectious diseases
and worm infestation are common.
Next comes lPa1aV when sun is very
hpt. In Siddha literature it is stated that
Pandu Noi occurs in those who wander
in hot sun. (Uthamarayan, C.S.,1983).

"A,
In the modern medicine also it
stated that syndrome of Anaemia
prevalent in tropical areas where the i
is very hot.
Neerkuri and Neikuri exac
was done according to Siddha., |
All the factors observed by the
of the examinations confirm the pf
of 'Pitha* disease. (Narayanaswatnif
1975).
Conclusion

The above detailed study reveals tl

Pandu roga is a product of deranj
* Pitha' Dhodam and also due to deran|
ment of Vatha-Pitha interaction. 1
course of study gives us the clini
material collected in the hospital. / [ff
the unit is functioning. Parameters
on the symptomatic relief experien<
the patient and qualitative improve
observed in the patient by way of ro
blood investigation and the improve;
with regards to haemoglobin level
blood were undertaken. It isr infer
I * Mj
the above study that the use of *
Chenduram in case of Anaemia jJ
Pandu is quiet encouraging from|0
point of progress. The specific Ipri
tion used in this study is reported^
contain 25% ferrous iron which givet
good response of average 30% raise *
Hb% during treatment. There is a]
definite qualitative improvement in J
symptomatic
amelioration
of i|
anaemic condition.

ICAL STUDY ON

Annabedi Chenduram
REFERENCES

T-

Ija, William

1973

Text Book of Pathology P. 116.

|vidson Sir. Stanley and

icleod, John

1971

Principle and
Practice
Medicine P. 835-850.

fc

1975

Introduction to Siddha System

of Medicine P. No. 35 to 41.

Mai, T.V.S,

1931

Tamil English Dictionary of

Science and Allied subjects,
Volume-5, P. 2495.

tjeswari, S.

1975

A study on Veluppu
Dessertation, P. No.
153-159.

sthri Vasu Deva and Venkatrajan

1962

Sarabendra Vaidya Muraigal,

P. 3.

1972

Noigalukku Siddha Parikaram

P.-273.

1983

Siddha Maruthuvanga Surukkam, P. No. 169, 182, 188 &

198.

1984

Siddha Vaidya Thirattu P. 159,

of

feF

'rayanaswami V.

Shanmugavel
i:
w
I.
Uthamarayan, C,S.

Uthamarayan C.S. and Kuppusamy

Mudaljar, K,N,

Noi
152,

-is

D.S. JAY A K ARAN et dl

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