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A Diesel engine is designed for the mechanical stress associated with the centripetal and centrifugal forces of the
moving parts inside it in a specified operational range. Centripetal force is directly proportional to the square of the
rotational speed, stress increases rapidly with increase in speed. Mechanical connection strength can be overcome
by the exceeding stresses due to the increase in operational speed. These can result in breaking of rotating parts or
damage to the machinery itself. Over speed is thus a serious safety hazard and can lead to a fatal situation.
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In this article we will have a look at the electronic over speed trip.
Electronic Over Speed Trip
To understand the electronic over speed trip, a normal lay out of the system is described below. The electronic over
speed trip consists of
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MARINE ENGINEERING
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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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Overspeed Governors
Overspeed governors are the answer to the problem in such situations and act to control the speed if there is suddenly a great
variation of speed of the order of about 10% of the running speed.
The working diagram of such an overspeed governor is shown here. If you notice closely it is not much different from that of a
governor used to control the auxiliary engine speed on ships. But there is one main difference though and that is that this type of
speed governor does not come into action for minor variations of speed but only comes into action for a major variation in speed.
Hence the difference lies in the basic design characteristics of the governor. The working of this device can be understood by
following the logical steps of its operation as follows.
Finally when the speed starts to decrease, the reverse process takes place unless normal speed is restored. Of course all this
happens very quickly though it has taken a long time to describe.
Isochronous Mode
Governors used to control the speed of main marine diesel engines are normally run in the isochronous mode. This basically means
that the speed of the engine would remain the same irrespective of changes in engine load. Of course there is a very small time
period following a change in load when the governor stabilizes the speed to its original value and the speed can vary slightly during
that period of time.
We also learnt about droop in our previous article and I would like to mention at this stage that although the main diesel engines
could be run without droop known as zero droop settings, yet it is not advisable to run smaller generators associated with power
generation with such settings. There should be a minimum droop associated in these mainly to achieve a smooth load division
amongst these machines. We will discuss about load sharing in a separate article though.
Companies Making Governors
There are many companies which make governors for marine applications and one such company is known as Woodward Governor
Company which is a niche company manufacturing governor units for all sorts of marine applications. In our next article we will
study the working of one such actual governor in detail.
Image Credits
Marine Diesel Engines: Principles & Practice by D.K. Sanyal.
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Additional Info
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Additional Info
Overspeed Governor
Isochronous Mode
Governors used to control the speed of main marine diesel engines are normally run in the isochronous mode. This basically means
that the speed of the engine would remain the same irrespective of changes in engine load. Of course there is a very small time
period following a change in load when the governor stabilizes the speed to its original value and the speed can vary slightly during
that period of time.
We also learnt about droop in our previous article and I would like to mention at this stage that although the main diesel engines
could be run without droop known as zero droop settings, yet it is not advisable to run smaller generators associated with power
generation with such settings. There should be a minimum droop associated in these mainly to achieve a smooth load division
amongst these machines. We will discuss about load sharing in a separate article though.
Companies Making Governors
There are many companies which make governors for marine applications and one such company is known as Woodward Governor
Company which is a niche company manufacturing governor units for all sorts of marine applications. In our next article we will
study the working of one such actual governor in detail.