ARTICLE 2

Addictive Internet Use Tied to Depression in Teens

MONDAY, Aug. 2 (HealthDay News) -- Teens who spend far too much time on the
Internet run the risk of developing depression, a new Australian study suggests.
Since the 1990s, uncontrolled or unreasonable Internet use has been identified as a
problem with signs similar to other addictions, researchers say. Pathological Internet
use has been linked with relationship problems, health problems, aggressive behavior
and other psychiatric symptoms, they added.
"Parents should be vigilant about their children's online behavior," said lead researcher
Lawrence T. Lam, from the School of Medicine, Sydney, and the University of Notre
Dame Australia. "Should there be any concern about young people involving
problematic Internet-use behavior, professional help should be sought immediately."
This sort of behavior may be a manifestation of some underlying problems that are
more insidious, Lam said.
"Given the results obtained from the study, even mentally healthy young people may
succumb to depression after a long exposure of problematic use of the Internet. The
mental health consequences of problematic Internet use for those who have already
had a history of psychological or psychiatric problems would be more damaging," he
said.
The report is published in the Aug. 2 online edition of the Archives of Pediatrics &
Adolescent Medicine, in advance of publication in the October print issue.
For the study, Lam and his colleague Zi-Wen Peng, from the Ministry of Education and
SunYat-Sen University in Guangzhou, China, collected data on pathological Internet use
among 1,041 Chinese teens aged 13 to 18.
Lam and Peng tested the teens for depression and anxiety, and questioned them about
pathological Internet use and common addictive behaviors.
At the start of the study, the researchers classified 6.2 percent of the teens as having a
moderately pathological Internet problem and 0.2 percent as seriously at risk.
Nine months later, the teens were reassessed for depression and anxiety. The
researchers found 0.2 percent had symptoms of anxiety and 8.4 percent had become
depressed.

The risk of becoming depressed was 2.5 times higher among teens who were addicted
to the Internet compared with those who weren't, Lam and Peng found.
However, there was no association between pathological Internet use and anxiety, they
noted.
"This study has a direct implication on the prevention of mental illness among young
people," Lam said. "The results of the study indicated that young people who use the
Internet pathologically are most at risk of mental problems and would develop
depression when they continue with that behavior."
Early intervention and prevention that targets at-risk groups with identified risk factors is
effective in reducing the burden of depression among young people, Lam added.
"Screening for at-risk individuals in the school setting could be considered as an
effective early prevention strategy," he said. "Hence, a screening program for
pathological use of the Internet could also be considered in all high schools in order to
identify at-risk individuals for early counseling and treatment."
Michael Gilbert, a senior fellow at the Center for the Digital Future at the University of
Southern California's Annenberg School for Communication, said that "it's not a
revolutionary thought that kids get caught up on the Internet and it can lead to certain
kinds of psychological behavior."
For Gilbert, the question remains whether or not the teens who became depressed were
at risk for depression before they became addicted to the Internet. Moreover, were they
also at risk for other addictive behaviors.
One factor to the link between overuse of the Internet and psychological problems like
depression may be that the Internet is actually isolating and alienating, Gilbert said.
"Parents are indicating to us that a lot of their children's friendship circles are
contracting by reason of the fact they are spending too much time on the Internet," he
said. "This ties in generally with the notion that Internet behavior is becoming disruptive
in the family."
Spending too much time on the Internet is a so-called "process addiction," like gambling
and pornography, Gilbert said.
"We are going to see more of these problems, and [they] are especially acute in
adolescence when kids are struggling with defining their social circumstances," he said.
The key for parents is to monitor their children's media time and content, Gilbert said.

"The technology changes, the medium changes, but the issue always comes down to
parents ascertaining control over their children's behavior and monitoring it," he said.
SOURCES: Lawrence T. Lam, Ph.D., School of Medicine, Sydney, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle,
Australia; Michael Gilbert, senior fellow, Center for the Digital Future, University of Southern California's
Annenberg School for Communication, Los Angeles; Aug. 2, 2010, Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent
Medicine, online
URL of this page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_101741.html (*this news item will not
be available after 10/31/2010)
Monday, August 2, 2010