Saint Joseph Institute of Technology

Montilla Boulevard, Butuan City

Project for :
Defense Tactics 2

Taekwondo
Submitted By:
Gomez, Liezel V.
Submitted To:
Ms. Rowena Mondejar

Table of Contents:
Page
Korea and its flag ------------------------------------------- 1
Definition of Teakwondo /
Korean Counting -------------------------------------------- 2
Basic Body Parts-------------------------------------------- 3
Tenets of Taekwondo /
Body Movements ------------------------------------------- 4
Directions /
Rank ----------------------------------------------------------- 5
Hand Positions /
Hand Attacks-------------------------------------------------- 6
Blocks --------------------------------------------------------- 7
Kicks ---------------------------------------------------------- 8
Stances ------------------------------------------------------- 9
Sparring/Forms/
Uniform ------------------------------------------------------ 10
Equipment /
Commands --------------------------------------------------- 11
Common Phrases /
Titles ----------------------------------------------------------- 12
Miscellaneous ----------------------------------------------- 13
Color Order for Belts in Taekwondo ------------------Korea and

14

its Flag

The Korean name for Korea is "Hangeuk" and its people are called "Hangeuksaram". The ancient name
for Korea is "Choson", which means literally "the land of morning calm" and comes from the "Choson"
(or "Yi") dynasty of Korea's history (1392-1905). The name "Korea" comes from the "Koryu" dynasty of
Korea's history (935-1392) during which westerners had their first contact with Korea.
The national anthem of Korea is "Aeguk Ka" ("Love of Country"). It was written during the Japanese
occupation of Korea (circa 1905-1945) and was later set to music by Ahn Eak Tai.
The Korean flag is called "Taeguk-ki" and was adopted in August of 1882, not long after the "Hermit
Kingdom" opened its front and back doors to foreign aggressive powers. The central theme of the flag is
that although there is constant movement within the sphere of infinity, there is also balance and
harmony. The flag consists of three parts: a white field (or background), a red and blue circle in the
center of the flag (containing a "yin-yang" like symbol), and four black trigrams sorrounding the circle
in each of the four corners of the flag.
The circle in the center is called "Taeguk" and means the origin of all things in the universe. The red and
blue paisleys within the circle represent eternal duality (heaven-earth, fire-water, good-evil, malefemale, dark-light, life-death). The blue portion of the circle is called "um" and represents the negative
aspects of this duality; the red portion of the circle is called "yang" and represents the positive aspects.
"Um-yang" is the Korean equivalent of "yin-yang".
The four black trigrams come from the Chinese book of "I Ch'ing". The trigrams also carry the idea of
opposites and of balance. Each trigram (or "gye") consists of three parallel lines, some of which are
broken (split), and some of which are unbroken (solid). Each gye has a specific name and represents one
or more concepts: In the upper lefthand corner is "K'un" which consists of all solid lines and represents
heaven, east, and spring; In the lower righthand corner is "K'on" which consists of all broken lines and
represents earth, west, and summer; In the upper righthand corner is "Kam" which consists of one solid
line sorrounded by two broken lines and represents water, north, and winter; In the lower lefthand
corner is "I" which consists of one broken line sorrounded by two solid lines and represents fire, south,
and autumn.

Definition of TaeKwonDo
"Tae" means "foot" or "to strike with the feet". "Kwon" means "hand", or "to strike with the hand".
"Do" means discipline, art, or way. Hence TaeKwonDo (foot-hand-way) means literally "the art of the
feet and the hands" or "the art of kicking and punching". Different schools and/or styles may impose
different variations on the formal definition however. For example, some styles add the words "self
defense" to the literal definition and/or throw in some form of the phrase "physical and mental
training".

Korean Counting
There are two different numbering systems that are used by Koreans. The first numbering system is
used when counting, or when only speaking of the numbers themselves. The first ten numbers in this
system are as follows:
1
2
3
4
5
6

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hanah
dool
set
net
dasot
yasot

7 : ilgop
8 : yadol
9 : ahop
10 : yool
The stress in "hanah", "dasot", and "yasot" is on the first syllable, in "ilgop", "yadol", and "ahop" on
the second. In counting cadence in TaeKwonDo, this is so emphasized that the other syllable frequently
almost disappears (e.g., "han", "das", "yos", "lgop", "hop", etc.).
The other numbering system (which is of Chinese origin) is used in most other cases and is often used
where Americans would use ordinal numbers (such as "first", "second", etc ...). For example, this second
numbering system is used when describing a person's rank: a first degree black belt would be an "il
dan". The first ten numbers in this numbering system are as follows:
1 : il
2 : ee
3 : sahm
4 : sah
5 : oh
6 : ryook
7 : chil
8 : pal
9 : koo
10 : ship
The final `l' in "chil" and "pal" isn't rounded, like an American `l' .... It's a much shorter sound, sort of
like the initial `l' in "let", but even shorter. It's not like the `l' in "ball".
When pronouncing the word "ship", you must not emphasize the "sh" sound. It's almost more like "sip"
with a sort of a lisp. If you pronounce it like "sh" in "shell", then you are referring to sexual intercourse.
Even though this second numbering system may correspond to ordinal numbers in English in some
cases, these are not ordinal numbers. Koreans use a separate set of words for ordinal numbers.

Basic Body Parts

mom
kwanjeol
ulgool
muh ree
noon
gui
ko
in joong
eep
tuhk
mokoomeong
mok
ouka
myung chi
pahl
pahlkup
pahlmahk

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body
joint
face & head
head
eye
ear
nose
philtrum
mouth
chin
throat
neck
shoulder
solar plexus
arm
elbow
forearm

ahn pahlmahk
bahkat pahlmahk
meet pahlmahk
wi pahlmahk
deung pahlmahk
sahnmahk
sahn
sahnkal
sahnkal deung
sahn deung
joomok
sahnkahrak
sahnkeut
momtong
huri
ahrae
noolro
dahree
mooreup
ahp jung kang yi
bahl mahk
bahl
bahldung
bahlbong oh ri
bahl nahl
an bahl nahl
bahl badak
ahp chook
dwi koomchi
dwi chook
bahlkeut

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inner side of forearm

outer side of forearm
palm side of forearm
back side of forearm
back of forearm
wrist
hand
outside edge of hand (knifehand)
inside edge of hand (ridgehand)
back hand
fist
finger
fingertip
trunk (middle section)
waist
lower body (low section)
groin
leg
knee
shin
ankle
foot (or feet)
instep
arch of foot
outside edge of foot
inside edge of foot
sole of foot
ball of foot
heel
bottom of heel
toes

Tenets of TaeKwonDo
ye ui
yom chi
in nae
kuk gi
baekjool

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courtesy
integrity
perseverance
self-control (also "jah jeh")
indomitable spirit (also "boolgool eui jung shin")

Body Movements
mom omgigi
mahki
chagi

: movement of the body

: block
: kick

chirugi
chigi
jeek gi
bahk gi
sahn ki sool
bahl ki sool
kyorugi
bituro
gamya
kuht neun
uro
bang hyang
bakoogi
bitkyuh surgi
tdwim yu
dora
dolmyo
mee keul myu
jupgi
donzigi
goorugi
pyihagi
hecho
moyo
bojoo

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thrust (or punch)

strike (with the hand)
strike (with the foot)
strike (with the head)
hand technique
foot technique
sparring
twisting
stepping (also "omkyuh didigi")
walking
moving in a particular direction (e.g. "ahp uro gamya" - stepping
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forward)
: changing direction
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escaping
jumping
to turn
spinning
sliding (also "mee kul gi")
holding/grabbing
throwing
rolling/tumbling
dodging
spreading
gathering
covering

Directions
oo
joa
ahp
ahn
bahkat
bahndae
dwi
ahnuro
bahkuro
whee
whee uro

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right (also "oh-ruen")

left (also "wen")
front
inner
outer
reverse
back
inward
outward
high (up)
upward

guande
ulgool
momtong
ahrae

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middle
high section (also "sahngdahn")
middle section (also "chungdahn")
low section (also "hahdahn")

Rank
kagup
gup
dan
simsa
simsa kwan
dan gup jedo

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rank
grade
degree
grading (or promotional) test
examiner
system of rank

Hand Positions
sahnkal
sahnkal jecho
sahnkal deung
sahn bahtong
sahn deung
ah keum sahn
galkwi sahn
jipke sahn
joomok
deung joomuk
yup joomuk
me joomuk
inju joomuk

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knifehand
knifehand with palm up
ridgehand (also "oppun sahnkal")
palm heel (also "bahtong sahn")
back hand (also "deung sahn")
arc hand
ripping (or raking) hand
pincers hand
fist
back fist
side fist
hammer-fist
forefinger one-knuckle fist

bamchu joomuk
doo bam joomuk
pyun joomuk
omji joomuk
kwan soo
sahnkeut
gawi sahnkeut

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middle-finger one-knuckle fist

two-knuckle fist
flat (or open) fist
thumb-knuckle fist
spearhand (also "pyun sahnkeut")
spearfinger
scissors-shaped spearfingers

Hand Attacks
bahro chirugi
bahndae chirugi
gullgi chirugi
yung seuk chirugi
doo bun chirugi
sae bun chirugi
sahnkeut chirugi
sewo chirugi
gotjang chirugi
dolrya chirugi
dwijubo chirugi
soteum chirugi
nehryuh chirugi
chi chirugi
jae chuh chirugi
doo joomuk chirugi
dikootja chirugi
sosum chirugi
keumgang chirugi
nalgeh chirugi

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straight (return) punch

reverse punch
hook punch
combination (consecutive) punch
double punch
triple punch
spearfinger thrust
vertical punch
vertical fist punch
round punch
upset punch
spring punch
downward punch
uppercut punch
upper punch (also "jae chin chirugi")
doublefist punch
`U' (or `C') shaped punch (hi-lo)
double uppercut punch
diamond-shaped punch
wing-shaped punch

Blocks
bahkat palmahk
mahki
ahn palmahk
mahki
sahng palmahk
mahki
ahnuro mahki
bahkuro mahki

: outer forearm block

: inner forearm block
: twin forearm block
: inward block
: outward block

ahrae mahki
cho kyo mahki
daebi mahki
bituro mahki
gahwi mahki
keumgang mahki
gutjha mahki
yeot pero mahki
santeul mahki
weh santeul
mahki
utgallruyuh mahki
hechuh mahki
hwang so mahki
bahtangsahn
nooluh mahki
deuluh oll ryu
mahki

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low block
rising block
guarding block
twisting block
scissors block
diamond-shaped (Hercules) block
`9'-shaped block (cross block)
`X'-shaped block (also "kyo cha mahki")
mountain-shaped block (also "osanteul mahki")

: part mountain-shaped block

: cross block (also "utgiruh mahki")
: scattered block (or wedge block)
: ox (or "bull") block
: pressing down block
: upward scooping fist block

Kicks
cha olligi
jillo chagi
ahp chagi
yup chagi
dolrya chagi
dwi chagi
bahndae dolrya
chagi
dwi dolrya chagi

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stretching kick
thrusting kick
front kick
side kick
round (roundhouse) kick
back kick

: reverse round kick ("hook kick" for some styles)

: back round kick ("hook kick" for some styles)

gullgi chagi
bahndall chagi
hoohrio chagi
beet chagi
bahn dolrya chagi
beakya chagi
nehryuh jeek gi
hwe jun chagi
mil a chagi
gokwang i chagi
pyojuk chagi
dolmyo chagi
tdwim yah chagi
yung seuk chagi
meekulmyu chagi
goollruh chagi
natgeh tdwim yu
chagi
nalla chagi
gahwi chagi
illja chagi
japgo chagi
ohpo chagi
nachu oh chagi

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hook kick (also "golcho chagi" or "golro chagi")

crescent kick (literally "half moon kick")
wheel kick
slant (or instep) kick
half round kick (also "instep kick")
slap kick
ax kick; literally "downward foot strike"
swing kick
pushing kick (also "mil gi chagi")
pickax kick
target kick
spinning kick
jumping kick
combination (consecutive) kick
sliding kick (also "mikulgi chagi")
rolling kick

: hopping kick
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flying kick (also "goong jung chagi")

scissors kick
linear kick
holding (grasp) kick
falling kick (leg sweep)
stooping kick

Stances
sohgi
jah seh
ahnjun sohgi
ahp sohgi
ahp koo bi sohgi
dwi sohgi
dwi koo bi sohgi
beom sohgi
kuht neun sohgi

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stance
posture (or stance) [used instead of "sohgi" in some styles]
sitting stance
front stance
front bent knee stance (also just "ahp koo bi")
back stance
back bent knee stance (also just "dwi koo bi")
cat (or tiger) stance (also "goyang-i sohgi")
walking stance

juchoom sohgi
mot sohgi
kyorugi sohgi
choon bi sohgi
gibon sohgi
guande sohgi
naranhee sohgi
niun ja sohgi
gojang sohgi
sa sun sohgi
gyuttari sohgi
koh ah sohgi
kyo cha sohgi
mo ah sohgi
joong-rib sohgi
dong yuk sohgi
cha yun sohgi
chagi sohgi
hahktari sohgi

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horseback riding stance ("kima sohgi" in some styles)

fighting stance
sparring stance
ready stance (also "pyeonhi sohgi")
basic stance
middle stance
parallel stance
`L'-stance
fixed (lower-back) stance
diagonal stance
fixed balance (or bent knee) stance
crossed foot stance
`X'-stance
close stance
neutral stance
dynamic stance
natural stance
kicking stance
crane stance (also "ue bal sohgi")

Sparring
kyorugi
han bun kyorugi
doo bun kyorugi
sae bun kyorugi
bahn ja yu kyorugi
machu oh kyorugi
jeon
shihap

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(free) sparring
one step sparring
two step sparring
three step sparring
semi free sparring
arranged free sparring
round (competition segment)
bout or match

jeum
shi gan
keum bahk
kyong go
gam jeum
shil kyuk
boo sang
seung
bi kim
chung
hong
hin
jajun bahl
nachugi

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point
time out
out of bounds
warning
deduction of point
disqualification
injury
win
tie
blue
red
white
use of footwork to dodge a technique
body evasion by "ducking"

Forms
poomse
tul
jang
yung seuk
sa bang hyang

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form (pronounced "poom-say"), also "hyung"

patterns
similar to a page or a chapter
combination
four direction

Uniform
dhee
dobok
ha'i

: belt
: uniform
: training pants

Equipment
hogoo
sahn boho jang kap
pahlmahk bohodae
jung kang yi
bohodae
nang shim bohodae
muh ree bohodae
eep bohodae

: chest protector (also "bohogoo")

: protective gloves
: forearm guard
: shin guard
: groin cup
: protective head gear
: mouth guard

Commands
cha ryuht
choon bi

: attention
: ready

bah ro
dwi uro dorah
dorah
elosoh
gomahn
geuk gi hyang ha
yoh
jwa woo hyang woo
sah bum nim keh
sun bae nim keh
simsa kwan nim
keh
dobok dahnjung
dhee dahnjung
hai sahn
jonglee
kyung nae
ahnjoe
kool o angi
bah ro angi
bahl bah kwah
koo ryung op see
seijak
shiuh
kalyeo
kae sok

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return to starting position

about face
turn
stand
stop (also "mum cho")

: face the flag

: face each other
: face instructor/master
: face senior student
: face examiner/tester
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fix your uniform

fix your belt
class dismissed (also "hae cho")
line up (also "ji hap" and "jung yul")
bow
sit
kneel (kneeling)
sit in lotus position (yoga posture)
switch your stance (switch your feet)
in your own time
begin
relax
break (or stop)
continue

Common Phrases
ye
anio
kahm sa hamnida
komap sumnida
cheon maeneyo
cheuk ka hamnida
ahnyong hasimnika
ahnyong hasayo

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yoboseyo

ahnyonghee gasipsiyo :
ahnyonghee gyesipsiyo :
ahnyonghee gasayo
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yes (also "ne")

no
thank you
less formal form of "thank you"
you're welcome (literally "Don't mention it!")
congratulations!
How are you? (literally "Are you well?" or "Are you at peace?")
less formal form of "How are you?"
hello (used on the phone or to get someone's attention; literally "Please look
here!")
good-bye (to the person who is leaving); literally "Go in peace!"
good-bye (to the person who is staying); literally "Stay in peace!"
less formal form of "good-bye" (to the person who is leaving)

ahnyonghee gyesayo
pangap seumnida
toh poepkeseoyo
eoseo osayo
choesong hamnida
mian hamnida
shillye hamnida
kwaen chanayo
ahlge seoyo
moreuge seoyo
chaemi isseoyo

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less formal form of "good-bye" (to the person who is staying)

Pleased to meet you!
See you later!
Welcome!
I'm sorry
less formal form of "I'm sorry!"
Excuse me! (asking forgiveness for an impolite act)
That's all right
I understand
I don't understand
It is fun (or interesting)!

Titles
do joo nim
kwan jang nim
chung sah nim
sah bum nim

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sah boo nim

kyo sah nim

sun bae nim
hu bae nim
hak saeng
suryun saeng
jeja
joo sim
bu sim
bae sim
kae sim
ki rohk

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founder (of the art)

grandmaster
chief instructor (or "chief master")
instructor (or "master")
more intimate and respectful form of "sah bum nim"; literally "teaching
father"
teacher (also "seon saeng nim")
senior student
junior student
student
trainee
pupil
referee
judge
juror
time keeper
recorder

Miscellaneous
dojang
gong-kyok
hosinsool
mukyum
kihap
jung shin yuk
jung shin dong il
jung shin soo yang
jung do
sim shin dahn ryun

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place where one trains (house of discipline)

offense
self-defense
meditation
yell
mental strength, or martial art spirit (also "moodo jung shin")
concentration of the mind
development (training) of the mind
the "right" way (correctness of action)
mind and body discipline

chung myung kwon

chi shik
heng dong
pil seung
il sok pil sai
ho hyoop
shim ho hyoop
himm
ki
dahnjun
bokboo
choong sim
chojum
jeung ga
kyuk pa
shibum
pyugi
ye jol
jon gyung
choong sung
jung jhik
kahjok

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development (training) of the body, mind, and spirit

knowledge of mind and thoughts
execution (action) of the body and its techniques
certain victory
one strike must kill
breathing
breathing control (deep breathing)
force or power
life-energy
the center of your "ki"
the stomach area where "ki" is generated.
center of gravity
focus (focal point) of your energy
increase (to strengthen or augment)
breaking (the art of breaking boards, bricks, and tiles)
demonstration (or exhibition)
stretching
etiquette
respect
loyalty (also "eui ri")
honesty
family

Color Order for Belts in Tae Kwon

Do
White Belt
The first level of Taekwondo belt colors is white, which is the most basic level. In this level the
participants are taught basic Taekwondo moves which are easy and not complicated. The color white
symbolizes the innocence and purity with which the student begins his journey into knowledge.

Yellow Belt
This one comes after the basic training of this martial art is over. Being the color of the rising sun, yellow
stands for imparting and applying the knowledge you have received from your teachers. The Taekwondo
techniques which are taught in this level are also very basic and easy.

Orange Belt
Orange in a color which is symbolizes the growth of knowledge in Taekwondo. Since the moves and
techniques start becoming more complicated and intense, this color describes the strength which is
required to become a warrior in life.

Green Belt
The next level of these Taekwondo belt colors is green which stands for newness and freshness in life. It
also defines growing things and thus, is used as a metaphor for the growth of power in this form of
martial arts. In this level, the student belongs to the intermediate stage of learning and endurance.

Blue or Purple Belt

Blue is the color of the sky which is used to symbolize the limit of this art. Because tae kwon do forms and
patterns, are a part of martial arts where students can be wounded, the training given to them in this level
is such that their physical and mental power begins to stabilize giving them the strength to survive the
fights. This is where the intermediate stage ends and the advanced level begins.

Brown Belt
Even though you become a millionaire when you grow up, your upbringing and values given to you when
you were a child don't change. This is what the color brown symbolizes, the ground from which the seeds
grows to become a flourished tree. Your stability in physical and mental powers are grounded to the
basic education of the art in this level of Taekwondo.

Red Belt
This is the color for maturity and depth. The various Taekwondo forms teaches you to respect and honor
your opponent even if he makes an invalid and unjust move on you. In this level, you are taught to bring
character to your art and make it more perfect. When you are perfect in your moves and teaching, you
cannot be defeated easily.

Black Belt
Since black is a combination of all the above mentioned colors, it symbolizes the final stage of
Taekwondo training. By this time, the student has learned all the aspects for Taekwondo and can apply it
in practicals. The color black stands for a mastered art, with humility and humbleness. These colors are
very similar to those of the karate belt colors.