SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING

AND THE DESIGN SCHOOL

FOUNDATION IN NATURAL BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(FNBE) AUGUST 2014 INTAKE

Name:
Student ID:

Chin Vin Yan

Group/Session:

0320311

Subject and Course:

Monday 2pm

Submission Date:

Social Psychology(PSYC0103)
Assignment 1 - Individual Journal
27-4-2015

Chapter One - Social Facilitation Vs. Social Loafing

The roots of social psychology which is social facilitation and social loafing. These two
concept seem to contradict each other , but they do not . Social facilitation can be defined
as an improvement in performance produced by the mere presence of others. In 1898
Norman Triplett noted that competitive cyclist performed better during races than during
solo rides . Social Loafing occur when an Individuals make less of an effort when in a
group than they would if they were attempting to achieve the goal on their own . In 1883
Max Ringelmann conducted a study from which he concluded that an individuals
performance actually gets worse in the presence of others.

Social Loafing and social Facilitation can be occur in our daily life. An example will be,
when an individual receive assignment or homework , he or she will put more effort , take
more research to support my idea . But in a group assignment , he or she will not attending
any meeting or any group work that been held to finish the assignment . These two show
how social facilitation and social loafing occur in an individual . In personal experience ,
some of my friends would working more in he or she individual work but not involve in any
group work . Mr.A is a talented person which he is good in drawing and design at the end
his result was credit . But when it come to group working , Mr.A will no involve in any
meeting or doing any work . Mr.A is more less effort in a group work than he was
attempting to achieve the goal on his own .

Chapter Two - Motivation

Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented
behaviors. Motivation can be categorise into extrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation .
In extrinsic motivation is cause by the external pressure or obligation . It mainly related to
the environment or culture that surrounded by the person . It might be done to avoid
punishment or earn specific reward . Intrinsic motivation is refers to behavior that is driven
by internal reads . This motivation is more related to the person him or herself .

In my experiences , both motivation been apply to achieve certain goal in my life . As a

swimmer , I have to achieve some of the requirement to hit the qualification to entry some
of the bigger competition . To achieve it , I has to train hard and motivate myself every time
when i went to training . Intrinsic motivation been applied each day when I went for training
to achieve my own goal . For example , my personal best to finished a 100 meter
breaststroke in 1:30 minute during the training section , but I set a target to myself to
achieve faster than 1:30 minute each time i went to training to improve my speed and
stamina during the training section . Beside that , extrinsic motivation been used in term of
achieving some of the benefit as well . For example , swimming club or association will
provide incentive to motivate the swimmer to achieve some of the target that they had set .
My personal experience is that the our state sport minister had set a incentive with each
achieve which is each gold RM1500 , following silver RM 1000 and bronze with the
amount of RM500 . This motives myself to join the competition and work hard to achieve to
the target with the benefit of earning incentive .

Chapter Two - Self Serving Biases

Self serving biases is a theory that involving in external and internal attribution . Attribution
is deciding who or what is responsible for a particular outcome and it can be influenced a
number of factors . Internal attribution refers to inferring personal factors are the cause of
an event or behavior while the external attribution refers to inferring environment or other
factors are the causes of an event of behaviour . Self serving biases theory is apply when
a person make positive attributions that allow us to see ourselves in the best light . Self
serving biases is also involved with external attribution for negative outcome and internal
attributions for positive outcomes . In others word , we take credit for success but we dont
take responsibility for failure .

Self serving biases can be found mostly in a group work . For example , when a groups
result achieve in credit , the person will think of the credit is involving he or she handwork
or sacrifice . But when the group been fail to achieve their gaol or requirement , they will
blame on the group members , lecturer or the condition of the environment . Other than
that , self serving biases also can be found in the situation of likes a person belief that he
or she worth to receive a gift that what they expect , but when the gift did not achieve he or
she expectation they will blame of the person do not understand he or she want .

Chapter Three - The Availability Heuristic

An availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come
to mind. When you are trying to make a decision, a number of related events or situations
might immediately spring to the forefront of your thoughts. As a result, you might judge that
those events are more frequent and possible than others. You give greater credence to
this information and tend to overestimate the probability and likelihood of similar things
happening in the future.

An example will be, recently many of aeroplane found crush or lost. People will be concern
about is that a right choice to take aeroplane to travel around. During this time availability
heuristic will be occur and u will choose the much safer to travel like train , bus , or buy
private vehicle. Another example will be , my parents was concerned about allowing me to
driving in the Subang area is it aright choice after seeing many car crash on the the news
and their observation the behaves of Subangs driver . Immediately they do not allow me
to own a vehicle in here although it seem inconvenient .

Chapter Four - Harold Kelley : Covariation Theory

Attribution been categorise into internal and external . To judge whether the situation is
attribute to some characteristic of the person or the environment , Harold Kelly developed
a logical model for judging whether it is Internal or external attribution . He believe that
bases attributions three factors is consensus , distinctiveness and consistency .
Consensus , the extent to which other people behave in the same way in a similar .
Distinctiveness the extent to which the person behaves in the same way in similar
situations . Lastly consistency , the extent to which the person behaves like this every time
the situation occurs. Kelly also believed that there were three types of causal information
which influenced our judgement Low factors = dispositional (internal) attributions.

An example of convariation theory will be , Mr.C willing to redo a section of the

presentation board . At the end the the section of the presentation been redo . The
question is , to what do we attribute Mr.C behavior . In Consensus factor , everyone else
liked the old plan and would like to stick with the old plan (Consesnsus=Low) .
Distinctiveness , Mr.C refuse the old plan and changed the design of the presentation
board (Distinctiveness=High) . Lastly consistency , Mr.C has refused to old plan of the
presentation board before (Consistency=High). As a result by using the Covariation Theory
, we found the attribution is an internal cause . No one else agree with Mr.C , this is not a
unique behavior for Mr.C and Mr.C has changed the old design of the presentation board .

Chapter Five - The ABCs of Attitude

Attitude is refer to a tendency to evaluate a person, object, or idea with some degree of
approval or disapproval . Attitude is also an evaluation of a specific stimulus with parts
affective component, behavioural component, and cognitive component which named the
ABCs of Attitude . An affective component is refer to an emotional based component which
mean how one feels . Behavioural component is an action based component which refer to
what one does . Lastly the cognitive component is a knowledge based component which is
more toward what one knows .

So, how does the ABCs of Attitude in our lifestyle to help us evaluation about the world ?
One of the example will be visit Sabah will be kidnap after receiving the news tourist been
kidnap by the terror . Affective component will be , you felt afraid been kidnap by terror if
you visit Sabah for vacation . The behavioural component in this case will be cancel the
flight for this coming vacation . Lastly, the cognitive component will be you know going to
Sabah for vacation right know could bring dangerous and you should not go visit there for
these moment .