Ard Based Elevator Control System

ISSN: 2395-0560
International Research Journal of Innovative Engineering

www.irjie.com
Volume1, Issue 2 of February 2015
ARD BASED ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM

Trushen Pandya1, Yash Sharma2, Nandish Jasani3
1
Electronics and Communication, SALITER, Ahmedabad, 380052, India

Electronics and Communication, SALITER, Ahmedabad, 380052, India
3
Electronics, Elevconel Technologies Pvt Ltd, Ahmedabad, 382445, India
2
Abstract: Safety of passengers in elevators is a critical issue in case of power failure. Currently power storage methods
are used to increase the efficiency for example by storing mechanical energy or charging super-capacitors during operation.
While on the other hand, safety measures employ separate setup(s) than the ones required for normal operation and
consume significant power in the process like specialized control systems and fire detection circuitry. The concept of
merging the two separate ideologies into one, i.e. storing power during the routine operation and utilizing the stored power
in case of blackout can prove to be more convenient while simultaneously reducing bulk and capital which the safety
equipments currently employ. This can be achieved by storing energy in a battery bank from the normal supply given to the
elevator for its working. When a power cut is detected, which is done using a microcontroller by constantly checking the
signal reaching to drive the elevator car, the stored DC power is utilized to make the elevator reach the nearest
corresponding floor and open the doors. Hence the need to equip the elevators with separate safety devices can be fulfilled
by the reuse of energy, thus eliminating the extra efforts and capital required for safety devices.
Keywords: Power Storage, Power Failure, Nearest Floor Sensing
1. INTRODUCTION
There are various elevators available in modern era for the purpose of reaching a destined floor in corporate hubs or
skyscrapers, though there is still a chance of these elevators to get stuck due to power failure. Thus for the safety of the
people during sudden power failure, automatic safety system is designed.
There are several ARD based elevator control systems developed since few years. They use either a generator or
supercapacitors as a backup for power failure. Reduction of power consumed in driving the elevator by using a common
battery bank and then utilizing the stored power allows the elevator to work even after the outage until the safety of the
passengers travelling inside it is ensured.
Several papers were referred and their systems and working were also taken into consideration.
The papers [1,3,6,8,10] have the operation of emergency power supply to the elevators with the help of regenerative
drives[6], use of supercapacitor for power backup purpose[8] , the supply to back up generator during power failure which
completes the only purpose of power backup and not power savings purpose[1] the elevator escape system which has to be
activated by the passengers in the elevators and is operated manually[10] and harvesting energy from the elevator which
uses retrofit kit; saving energy during the motor drive and using the same energy to drive the motor[3].
The papers [2, 4] consist of the comparative results of AC variable motors and also PMSM motors for the driving elevators
[2]. Here, the PMDC motor has been taken for driving the elevators and the PMSM motor is used for driving the gearless
elevator system [4]. The elevator operation is done in a scaled model which uses PMDC motors to drive the door and the
elevator cabin and is gearless.
The papers [5,7,9] consist of the method to control PWM which in turn controls the DC motor with the help of
microcontroller ATmega5L for the driving the DC motor[5],. The PWM pulse helps in driving the motor which helps to
control the PMDC motor. The only difference is the use PMDC motor instead of DC motor. The purpose of the ARD i.e.
Automatic Rescue Device using the Induction motor and uses algorithm which controls the Induction motor [7]. The
PMDC motor is used to rescue the passengers and using encoder logic, the control of the elevator system is distributed
using CAN bus protocol which controls the elevator [9]. The CAN bus protocol is used for controlling the elevator system
and the distributed control has been done using the microcontroller of microchip which consist the CAN bus protocol.
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2015, IRJIE-All Rights Reserved
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2. System Working
2.1 Block Diagram of system
Figure 1: Block Diagram of System
The purpose of designing an automated system for rescuing the passengers in the elevator has been shown in the consisting
block diagram which shows how the actual basic structure of the control panel has to be made to perform the operation of
the rescue during the power failure.
The block diagram has the following sections:
1)
MOSFET Driver section which drives the H-Bridge Inverter to drive the PMDC motor.
2)
The Battery Bank section which gives the supply to the H-Bridge Inverter during the Power Failure conditions- it
gets the signal of supplying the power from controller which detects power cut.
3)
Microcontroller section is the heart of the system which operates it during the power failure conditions. It is
achieved with the help of the programming which will guide the controller to perform the ARD task.
4)
Encoder is the inbuilt operation present in the microcontroller which will be used to get the floor counts and will
help to get to the nearest floor in power cut.
5) Battery charging and discharging section which will be done with help of the normal supply i.e. the power will be
stored in the battery bank using the normal power supply.
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2.2 Flow chart of system working
Figure 2: Flow Chart of System Working
The normal working of the elevator will be done with normal supply given to the motor and control panel. The
microcontroller continuously check for power failure and upon detection, the microcontroller will guide the connection to
be taken from the battery bank which will provide the power supply for the motor driving system.Now after the power
failure detection has been sensed by the microcontroller and supply given by the battery bank, the floor sensing is done
using the Encoder. It has an inbuilt operation capability available in the microcontroller which has been used here.The
encoder is attached to the motor which will be used for the floor counting purpose and those counts will saved by the
microcontroller. During power failure, these counts will help the microcontroller to decide on which floor the elevator
cabin is stuck and subsequently determine the nearest floor. The time period to reach the stipulated floor will be calculated
in order to ensure the elevator has reached it upon which, the doors of the elevator will be opened. The battery bank power
supply will be revoked and then the passengers can come out of the elevator cabin safely.
2.3 Simulation work done for the MOSFET Driver
Figure 3: MOSFET 1 and MOSFET 4 in ON State
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The results obtained for the MOSFET Driver circuit are obtained by the use of H-Bridge Inverter which consists of four
Power MOSFETs connected parallel with each other as well as with the PMDC motor. The resultant circuit and their
waveforms are shown as above.
Figure 4: Forward Rotation of Motor
The result of the MOSFET 1 and MOSFET 4 are given the pulse then the resultant movement of the motor is in the forward
direction which is seen above.
Figure 5: Current Peaking and Stabilizing
The current obtained is going to very low but during start up of the circuit the current shoots up for the some milliseconds
and then comes decreasing till the point of the saturation and remains consistent with a very low current as a result. The
current result is shown as above.
Figure 6: Current Peaking for few Milliseconds
This figure shows the current shoot up for the couple of milliseconds.
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Figure 7: MOSFET 2 and MOSFET 3 in ON State
The second result of the simulation is of the MOSFET 2 and MOSFET 3 are given the pulses which depicts that they are in
ON state and the circuit is same just the connections differ from earlier, the circuit for the same is shown above.
Figure 8: Reverse Movement of Motor.
The movement of the motor with this connection will generate the motor to move in reverse direction, thus this will help
the elevator to move downwards. The speed of motor is shown as above.
Figure 9: Current Peaking and Stabilizing for Reverse Direction
The current will act same as the earlier just the direction will be inverted, as shown above
2.4 System Modelling
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Figure 10: Scaled Model of the ARD based Elevator Control System
The model to be prepared will be a scaled model of the elevator control system which will made using metal. There will be
two motors present one for driving the elevator cabin and other for driving the elevator door. The model consists of four
floors of spacing shown in the model and the cabin size and the other dimensions also shown in the model.The
measurements are in mm and the control panel consist of the hardware needed to drive the scaled model. In control will be
connected to the motor with help of the connectors present in the control panel using a wire going to PMDC motor which is
on the top most of the model.
3. Conclusion
The ultimate result will be achieved once the model and the control panel work is finished completely as the work on the
schematic and programming is being carried out and the physical scaled model of the system will made and implemented
using the control panel keeping the scaling in mind. Thus the ultimate goal to achieve the automated rescue device for the
elevator system will be accomplished.
4. References
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[1] Helmut Schroeder-Brumloop, Marvin Dehlow, Ingo Engelhard, Andreas Tutat, Elevator system and associated method including
power control for operating an elevator in an emergency mode, US Patents, US8631908 B2, Published on Jan 2014
[2] Mopidevi Raghava, M Gopi Chand Naik, Comparative Study of recent advancements in regenerative drives in elevator
systems, International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications(IJEEET) Vol.3 No.2,April 2014
[3] Nobile G., Sciacca A.G.,Cacciato M., Cavallaro C., Energy harvesting in roped elevators, Power Electronics, Electrical Drives,
Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM),2014 International Symposium
[4] Yetis H., Boztepeli H., Yasa Y., Mese E. Comparative design of direct drive PM synchronous motors in gearless elevator
systems, Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems(EPECS), 3rd International Conference , 2013
[5] Atul Kumar Dewangan, Nibbedita Chakraborty,Sashi Shukla, Vinod Yadu, PWM based Automatic Closed Loop Control of DC
motor IJETT-Volume3Issue2-2012
[6] Ismail Agirman, Vladimir Blasko,Frank Higgins,Automatic rescue operation for a regenerative drive system ,US Patents,
US20100044160 A1, Published on 2010
[7] Di Tommaso A.O., Ferrigno,R.M. Sensorless low range speed estimation and parameter identification of induction motor
drives devoted to lifts automatic rescue devices , Electrical Machines(ICEM),2010 XIX International Conference
[8] Luri S., Etxeberria-Otadui I., Rujas A., Bilbao E. Design of a supercapacitor based storage system for improved elevator
applications, Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition(ECCE),2010 IEEE
[9] Huseinbegovic S., Kreso S., Tanovic O. Design and implementation of the CAN based elevator control system, Information,
Communication and Automation Technologies,2009. XXII Interantional Symposium
[10] Chiu Wang N,Elevator Escape Device,US Patents, US 7316297 B2,Published on 2008
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ISSN: 2395-0560

International Research Journal of Innovative Engineering