Names: __________________________ CHE111P

Sec: _____

Worksheet 9:_________
Energy Balance

Instructions. Write the item/s (word/s or phrase or value/s) to answer the question or to complete
the sentence or to satisfy the instruction for each number. For numbers that will require solutions,
write the ENTIRE value on your calculator.
_________________ 1. Form of energy that represents a transfer that is caused by a temperature
difference between the system and surroundings.
_________________ 2. The type of heat associated with the change in temperature.
_________________ 3. Heat of fusion can be used as specific enthalpy at a temperature equal to
_______.
_________________ 4. Reference state of an specie should include _______________.
_________________ 5. For a closed system neglecting work, kinetic and potential energy changes, U
= Q. True or False.
_________________ 6. Work done by the system to push a fluid element into the surroundings.
_________________ 7. Any variable whose value depends only on the initial and final condition of the
system.
_________________ 8. A system that does not exchange heat with the surroundings during a process.
_________________ 9. The following are non-reactive processes except
a. Change in P at constant T
c. Phase change
b. Change in T at constant P
d. Formation of new substance
_________________ 10. What is the specific enthalpy value of acetone if the temperature changes
from 25oC to 60oC?
Problems
1. A) Reported average specific heat of water vapor is 1.87 J /(g)( oC). Using Table E.1, Calculate
the average specific heat of water vapour from 100 oC to 400 oC. Calculate the % error.

33.46

Cp (J/mol) = T

400

+ 0.668 x 10-2T + 0.76044 x 10-5 T2 - 3.593 x 10

-9

T3) dT

100

= 10676 J/mol
Cp (J/g-oC) = (10676 J/mol) x (1 mol / 18 g) x (1/300 oC) = 1.98
% error = [ (1.98 1.87 ) / 1.87 ] x 100

= 5.88 %

B) Estimate the total heat needed to produce 100 g steam from water at 25 C to steam at
120 C.
100 g water, 25 oC

100 g water 100 oC

100 g steam 100 oC

H
1

H
3

100 g steam 100 oC

H
= SH H2O(l) [25oC(208K) to 100 oC(373K)]

+ LHv H2O (at 100 oC) +

SH H2O (g) ( 100 120

C)

18.2964

H
1

= Cp (J/mol) =

373

+ 47.212 x 10-2T - 133.88 x 10-5 T2 + 1314.2-9 T3 )dT

298

=5671.4 J/mol

H
2

= 40.6 kJ/mol

33.46

H
3

= Cp (J/mol) = T

120

+ 0.668 x 10-2T + 0.76044 x 10-5 T2 - 3.593 x 10

-9

T3) dT

100

= 686
n H2O = 100/18 = 5.56
Total heat needed = 5671.4 (5.56)/1000

+ 40.6(5.56)

686(5.56) /1000 = 261 kJ

2. 100 mole of moist air at a temperature of 20 oC and a pressure of 750 mmHg,

molal humidity of 0.02 mole water vapor per mole dry air, is fed to a condenser
that reduces the temperature to 10oC.
a. Material balance calculations (Calculate the weight of the water condensed)

100 moles moist air

Condens
er

saturated air

0.02 mol H2O/ mol dry air

20 oC

10 oC

W
At 10 oC, Pv = 9.2115 mm Hg
HmL = 9.2115 / (750-9.2115) = 0.0124

H2O condensed = (0.02-0.0124) = 0.0076 mol H2O/ mol dry air

H2O condensed per 100 mol moist air entering

= (0.0076 mol H2O / mol dry air)(1 mol dry air / 1.02 mol moist air)(100 mole moist air)
= 0.745
b. References (Phase, Temperature, Pressure)
air (g, 20 oC, 750 mm Hg)
water vapour (g, 20 oC, 750 mm Hg)

c. Inlet-Outlet Enthalpy Table

Inlet enthalpy = 0
Outlet enthalpy
N (mol)

Water vapour

0.0124(1/1.02)(100)
=1.216

Dry air

100(1/1.02)
= 98.039

H2O(l)

0.745

d. Calculate all Specific Enthalpies

28.94

H
1

10

= Cp (J/mol) =

+ 0.4147 x 10-2T + 0.3191 x 10-5 T2 - 1.965 x 10

-9

T3) dT

+ 0.668 x 10-2T + 0.76044 x 10-5 T2 - 3.593 x 10

-9

T3) dT

20

= -290

33.46

H
2

10

= Cp (J/mol) =

20

= -335.6

H
3

= SH H2O (g) ( 20 100 oC)

+ LHc H2O (at 100 oC) + SH H2O(l) [100 oC(373K) to 10 oC(283K)]

33.46

SH H2O (g) =

100

+ 0.668 x 10-2T + 0.76044 x 10-5 T2 - 3.593 x 10

-9

T3) dT

20

=2711 J/mol

LHc H2O (at 100 oC)

= -40.6 kJ/mol

18.2964

SH H2O (1) =

283

+ 47.212 x 10-2T - 133.88 x 10-5 T2 + 1314.2-9 T3 )dT

373

= -6792

H
3

= 2711 - 40.6(1000) - 6792 = - 44681 J/mol

n (mol)

1.216
98.039
0.745

-290
-335.6
-44681

H (J)
(J/mol)

Water vapour
Dry air
H2O(l)

-352.64
-32901.9
-33287.3

e. Determine the required cooling duty.

Q = Q outlet Q Inlet C
= -66542 J

or - 66.5 kJ

b. References (Phase, Temperature, Pressure)

If reference is

exit stream

air (g, 10 oC, 750 mm Hg)

water vapour (g, 10 oC, 750 mm Hg)

c. Inlet-Outlet Enthalpy Table

Inlet enthalpy

Inlet

n (mol)

Water
vapour

0.02/1.02)(100)
=1.96

Dry air

100(1/1.02)
= 98.04

Outlet

n (mol)

H2O(l)

0.745

d. Calculate all Specific Enthalpies

28.94

H
1

20

= Cp (J/mol) =

+ 0.4147 x 10-2T

+ 0.3191 x 10-5 T2

- 1.965 x 10

-9

T3) dT

10

= 290

33.46

H
2

= Cp (J/mol) = T

20

+ 0.668 x 10-2T

+ 0.76044 x 10-5 T2

- 3.593 x 10

-9

T3) dT

10

= 335.6

H
SH H2O (g) ( 10 100 oC)

=
C(283K)]
3

LHc H 2O (at 100 oC) +

SH H 2O(l) [100 oC(373K) to 10

33.46

SH H2O (g) =

100

+ 0.668 x 10-2T

+ 0.76044 x 10-5 T2

- 3.593 x 10

-9

T3) dT

10

=3047 J/mol

LHc H2O (at 100 oC)

= -40.6 kJ/mol

18.2964

SH H2O (1) =

283

+ 47.212 x 10-2T

- 133.88 x 10-5 T2

+ 1314.2-9 T3 )dT

373

= -6792

H
3

= 3047 -40.6(1000) - 6792

Inlet
Water

n (mol)
1.96

- 44345 J/mol

H(J)

290

568.4

Outlet

n (mol)

H(J)

vapour
Dry air

98.04

335.6

32902
H2O(l)

0.745

33,471

-44345

-33037

-33,037

e. Determine the required cooling duty.

Q = Q outlet Q Inlet C
= -33471 - 33471
= -66508 J

3.

or -66.5 kJ

An equimolar liquid mixture of benzene (B) and toluene (T) at 10 0C is fed continually to a
vessel in which the mixture is heated to 50 0C. The liquid product is 40.0%mol B and the
vapor product is 68.4%mol B. How much heat must be transferred to the mixture per mole
of the feed?

V
F, 10 oC

68.4 % mol B
31.6 % mol T
50 oC

DC
50 % mol B
50 % mol T
L

50 oC

40 %mol B
60 %mol T

Basis: 1 mol Feed

OMB:

B balance
0.5 = 0.684V

+ 0.4 L

= 0.35

= 0.65

Reference:
B (l, 10 oC, P)
T (l, 10 oC, P)

Inlet enthalpy

Outlet enthalpy
Vapor
B

0.864(0.35)
=0.302

H
1

0.316(0.35)
= 0.048

H
2

Liquid
B

0.4(9.65)
=0.26

0.6(0.65)
=0.39

7.27329

H
1

= Cp (J/mol) =

323

+ 77.054 x 10-2T

- 164.82 x 10-5 T2

+ 1897.9 x 10

-9

283

dT

= 5109

H
2

= Cp (J/mol) =

1.8083

323

+ 81.222 x 10-2T

283

= 4355
B liquid (10 oC)

B gas (50 oC)

- 151.27 x 10-5 T2

+ 1.630x 10

-9

T3) dT

T3)

B liquid [10 oC(283K)]

gas (50 oC)

B gas[353.26K(80.11 oC]

B liquid (BP = 353.26K)

H
3

= SH B (l) ( 283 353.36K)

+ LHv B (at 353.26 K) + SH B(g) (80.11 oC to 50 oC)

7.27329

353.26

SH B (l) =

+ 77.054 x 10-2T

- 164.82 x 10-5 T2

+ 1897.9 x 10

-9

T3) dT

283

=9293
LHv B = 30.76 kJ/mol

74.06

SH B (g) =

50

+ 32.95 x 10-2T

- 25.2 x 10-5 T2

+ 77.57 x 10

-9

T3) dT

80.11

= -2843 J/mol

H
3

= 9293 + 30.76(1000) 2843

37210 J/mol

H
4

= SH T (l) ( 283 383.78K)

1.8083

SH T (l) =

383.78

+ LHv T (at 383.78 K) + SH T(g) (110.63 oC to 50 oC)

+ 81.222 x 10-2T

- 151.27 x 10-5 T2

+ 1.630x 10

-9

283

= 10405 J/mol
LHv T = 37.99 kJ/mol

94.18

SH T (g) =

50

+ 38 x 10-2T

110.63

= -7449 J/mol

- 27.86 x 10-5 T2

+ 80.33 x 10

-9

T3) dT

T3) dT

H
4

= 10405 +37.99(1000) - 7449

Vapor

B
T
Liquid
B
T

0.302
0.048

5109
4355

0.26
0.39

37210
40946

= 40946 J/mol

H
1543
209
9675
15969

Heat Transferred

= 27.395 - 0

27,395 J

or 27.4 kJ

27,395