BEng Electronic &Electrical Engineering

(Project Title)
Automatic Pre Train Announcement System

Student Name: M.R.D.L.FERNANDO

Student Number: 149146025

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Project Title: Automatic Pre Train Announcement System
1.1 Introduction of the Project
Currently Railway Department using the manual system which over the phone system for inform The
upcoming train announcement between train stations which are situated in nearby To provide accuracy
and effective service it is introduce Automatic Pre Announcement system. Automatic Pre
Announcement system is collecting location data from the train and transferring that data Railway
station for Display & output the relevant voice record. In this Automatic system it is need to establish
GPS module for location identification, GSM module for transferring location data to the station which
has Identification code to identify the each train and also have to establish separate GSM module in the
railway station. Within some fix distance the pre announcement will send to the output devices which
are situated in the railway station and out the voice record relevant to the train.

1.2 Problem Identification

Existing train Pre announcement manual over the phone system have accuracy and efficient Problems.
Using existing system peoples have to face unexpected difficulties experience In day to day life for
example get a wrong train announcement, also all the Railway station Doesnt have Pre announcement
system etc. To overcome above mentioned problems propose to establish a fully automated system for
all the railway stations.

1.3 Aim
The aim is to design and develop system for detect train location and output pre announcement at the
railway station.

1.4 Objective
1. Identifying the current location of the train
2. Calculate the distance train and the railway station
3. Collected data sent to be via G.S.M network
4. Generate pre announcement and display the distance to railway station

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The scope of this project is to Identifying the location Information of the train and according to that
Information output pre announcement and display distance to railway station at the railway station. In
addition to that it can be further develop to get Information by sending message (SMS) to GSM module
at the relevant railway station.
Limitations,
1. Extending the project to multi line railway station.
2. GSM network depended

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE MAPPING & REVIEW

Automatic Pre train

Announcement
system

Train

Distance Detection

Data Processing

Transmission
system

Interfacing

Railway Station

Data Processing

Interfacing

Displaying

2. Literature Review
2.1 Train
2.1.1 Distance Detection
2.1.1.1 GPS (Global Positioning System)
According to the Pedro Andrade-Sanchez and John T. Heun (2011) GPS (Global Positioning Systems)
provides specially coded satellite signals that can be processed in a GPS receiver, enabling the receiver
to compute position, velocity and time. GPS receivers are electronic devices that provide positioning
information using a global network of orbiting satellites and ground stations. Positioning is based on
the mathematical principle of trilateration, requiring the precise timing of radio signals transmitted from
orbiting satellites to GPS receivers on the ground. To solve for position, a GPS receiver must link
communication with at least four satellites and calculate its distance from them. These

2.1.1.2 Fiber Optical Sensor

According to the Shun Lien Chuang, Alan Hsu, and Erik Young (2003) Fiber-optic sensors have found
wide usage in applications due to their high sensing performance and Small size. Different types of
fiber-optic sensors have been demonstrated for the measurement of Properties such as pressure,
vibration, and strain. Furthermore, with the advent of fiber-optic communication systems to support
growing internet and data traffic, costs of fiber-optic components are continually decreasing.

2.1.1.3 Audio Frequency Track Circuit

According to the P. F. Weston, J. Chen, E. Stewart and C. Roberts (The University of Birmingham,
Birmingham, UK) the principle of a track circuit is to detect the presence of a train by its wheelsets
shorting out a signal Transmitted along the rails to a distant receiver [7]. In TI21 jointless audio
frequency track circuits, a Carrier frequency f0 is coupled into the track and detected at the receiver. In
fact, the carrier frequency is modulated between f0 17 Hz and f0 + 17 Hz at a rate of 4.8 Hz as
detailed in [4]. The receiver only accepts the received signal when the received current is high enough
and the correct modulation pattern is observed. The frequencies along a track are assigned in pairs that
are used alternately along the railway track. Transmitters and receivers are connected to the track via
tuning units that incorporate an isolating transformer and other passive components designed to achieve
two objectives.

2.1.2 Data Processing

2.1.2.1 Pic Microcontroller
According to the Nebojsa Matic (2001) Pic microcontroller can be used to data processing. The
microcontroller operates relevant to the program written in the memory by using programming
languages which BASIC, C, PASCAL etc. Basic compiler is the program run on PC and its task is to
translate the original basic code into the language of 0 and 1. The program written in PIC BASIC
and registered as a file Program.bas is converted into an assembler code (Program.asm). So obtained
assembler code is further translated into executive HEX code which is written to the microcontroller
Memory by a programmer. (Programmer is a device used for transferring HEX files from PC to the
microcontroller memory)

2.1.2.2 PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)

According to the Kevin Collins (2007) a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is a microprocessorbased controller with multiple inputs and outputs. It uses a programmable memory to store instructions
and carry out functions to control machines and processes. The PLC performs the logic functions of
relays, timers, counters and sequencers. PLC Programming can be done by using computer interfaces.
It can be applied text and graphical based programming methods.

2.1.2.3 Arduino
According to the John-David Warren, Josh Adams, Harald Molle (2011)
The standard Arduino was originally based on the Atmel Atmega8 chip, a 28-pin microcontroller with
20total available Inputs/Outputs (I/O). Of the 20 controllable pins, 6 are used as Analog inputs, 6 can
be used as PWM outputs, and there are 2 external interrupts available for use. The standard Arduino
runs at16mHz and has three adjustable timers to allow for changing the PWM frequencies. There are
several types of Arduino Arduino Mega, Arduino Primer, Arduino IDE and Arduino Uno.
The Arduino Uno/Decimal/Duemilanove has 14 digital
input/output pins labeled D0-D13. Each digital pin on the Arduino can be configured as either an
INPUT or an output by using the pin Mode () command in the setup () function. A digital signal on the
Arduino can be only in two states: high or low. This is true whether the digital signal is an input or an
output. When a pin is at 5v it is considered high, and when it is at 0v or gnd, it is considered low.
Arduino programming is done by using C or C++.

2.1.3 Interfacing
2.1.3.1 Air Interface
According to the Marc Kahabka (Pocket Guide for Fundamentals and GSM Testing) the air interface
for GSM is known as the Um interface. Since radio spectrum is a limited resource shared by all users,
amethod was devised to divide the bandwidth among as many users as possible. The method chosen by
GSM is a combination of time- and frequency-division multiple access (TDMA/FDMA). The FDMA
part involves the division by frequency of the (maximum) 25 MHz allocated bandwidth into 124 carrier
frequencies spaced 200 kHz apart. One or more carrier frequencies are assigned to each base station.
Each of these carrier frequencies is then divided in time, using a TDMA scheme
Wi-Fi technology uses IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 80211a, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n standard for over
air interface communication.
WIMAX technology uses IEEE 802.16d, IEEE 802.16e standard for over air interface communication.

2.1.3.2 Graphical User Interface

According to the Regula Stopper (Graphical User Interface- Layout and Design- Version from:
26.1.2012) graphical user interface (GUI) use pictures and graphics instead of just words to represent
the input and output of program. The program displays certain icons, buttons, dialogue boxes etc. on
the screen and the user controls the program mainly by moving a pointer on the screen (typically
controlled by a mouse) and selecting certain objects pressing buttons.

2.1.3.3 Serial Interface

According to Jonathan Wolpaw, Elizabeth Winter Wolpaw (2012) Serial communication on operating
system is performed using powerful peripherals, such as USB.
Comparing with RS232 or Bluetooth USB has higher data with the data communication.

2.2 Transmission System

2.2.1 WiFi Technology
According to Gurveen K.Sandhu 1, Gurpreet Singh Mann, Rajdeep Kaur (2013) the Wi-Fi is the name
given by the Wi-Fi Alliance to the IEEE 802.11 suite of standards. 802.11 defined the initial standard
for wireless local area networks (WLANs) . There are several versions of IEEE standard 802.11a,
802.11b, and later by 802.11g (with there lease of 802.11n still pending). By using Wi-Fi technology It
will be able to get several benefits which Wireless Ethernet, Extended Access, Flexibility, Mobility and
Cost Reduction. , the WiFi/802.11 wireless local area network standards limited in most cases to only
100 - 300 feet (30 - 100m).

2.2.2 WIMAX Technology

According to the Gurveen K.Sandhu 1, Gurpreet Singh Mann, Rajdeep Kaur (2013) WiMAX is a
wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16, which is intended for wireless
metropolitan area networks. WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles
(50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile stations. MAX operates on both
licensed and non-licensed frequencies, providing a regulated environment and viable economic model
for wireless carriers. WiMAX can be used for wireless networking in much thesame way as the more
common WiFi protocol. WiMAX is a second-generation protocol that allows for more efficient
bandwidth use, interference avoidance, and is intended to allow higher data rates over longer distances.

2.2.3 GSM (Global System For Mobile Communication)

According to the Martin Sauter (2010) GSM (Global System for mobile communication) was initially
designed and optimized for voice Transmission. With the developing GSM technology the important of
the several services have been constantly increasing. Those services are GPRS, EDGE, SMS etc.
Comparing with other transmission technology GSM technology is cheaper than other technologies to
transmit simple messages.

2.3 Railway Station

2.3.1 Displaying
2.3.1.1 Liquid Crystal Display
According to the David Jin, Sally Lin (2012) Liquid crystal Display (LCD) is a flat display such as
Thin, Light weight good color performed electronic visual display. LCD is not self -luminance display
device.

2.3.1.2 Seven Segment Display

According to the Sesha Pallavi Indrakanti and Avadhani P S (Department of Computer Science and
Systems Engineering, Andhra University) seven segment display (SSD) Segment display is a form of
displaying decimal numerals. It is an alternative to the more
Complex dot-matrix displays. Segment displays are used more in electronic devices like digital
Clocks and other electronic devices for displaying numerical information.
There are different types of segment displays. Viz, 7-Segment Display, 9-Segment Display, 14Segment Display, 16- Segment Display

2.3.1.3 Dot Matrix Display

Further A.P.Godse, U.A.Bakshi (2009) Dot matrix Display which are used to display alphabets,
numeric characters as well as information in responds to the electrical are called matrix display or dot
matrix displays.
The display consists of matrix of LEDs arranged in a rectangular configuration. These are called arrays
of LEDs. By switching on or off the selecting LEDs, text or graphics can be displayed. A matrix driver
or controller converts the instruction from the processor into signal which turn on or off LEDs in the
matrix, so as to obtain the required display.