--british traders came to india in 17th century and the charter to carry on trad

e with east india was granted in December 31, 1660 and thereby the east india co
mpany was given exclusive right to carry on trade with India.
-- battle of plassey was the first milestone victory by the company in 1757
-- After hundred years of the battle, the company established undisputed soverei
gnty over the whole of inida
-- By the revold 1857 the company's rule was terminated and the country passed u
nder the direct rule of the British Crown; under the govt. of India Act 1858.
--Indian National Congress Established by A.O.Hume in 1885. first chairperson wa
s dada bhai naioroji in bombay.
-- The moderate period (1885-1905) leaders- Hume, Dada Naoroji, MG Ranade, gopal
gokhale and the like
-- The Extremist-- lal bal pal and Aurobindo ghosh.
-- Gandhiji--Non cooperation movement (1920-22)
Civil Disobedience Movment (1930-34)
Individual Satyagraha (1940) and the Quit India movement 1942.
Indian Councils Act 1909:- (Most Imp points)
-- it brought about a ltd increse in the involvement of Indians in the governanc
e of British India.
-- separate electorates for muslims (disadvantage)
-- Only muslims should vote for candidates for muslim seats
Govt. of India ACt 1919 (Montagu chelmsford reforms)
-- introduction of Dyarchy in the provinces; ie the administration were divided
in to central and provinicial. all imp subjects were kept in the central list. a
nd subjects for provincial adminsitration for only nominal.
-- control of GG over provinces was also retained by laying down a provincial bi
ll
--the indian legislative council was transformed into a bicameral legislature ex
isting of concil of states (upper house) and legislative assembly (lower house)
-- these reforms agitated the mass and result was the non cooperation movement
Govt. Of India Act (1935)
-- it promised a federation of India ( states and units)
both the INC and the Muslim League opposed the Act, but participated in the prov
incial election and INC formed the govt. in major provinces
later pandit Nehru definitely formulated the demand for constituent Assembly and
the working committee of congress in 1938 reiterated it.
In 1940, the britain recognized this demand and in 1942, sent sir Stafford Cripp
s to India with a draft declaration of proposals
THE STUPID CRIPPS PROPOSAL: it offered dominion status of india and the provinc
es and states were given option of not joining in India and right to keep themse
lves as independent of the indian Union. as a result INC rejected the proposal
CABINET MISSION PLAN: after the rejectio of cripps proposals followed by the Qui
t India Movement various attempts were made to reconcile the Indians ' simla con
ference was held at the instance of the GG, Lord Wavell. all these having failed
the british cabinet sent 3 of its members, including cripps, to make another at
tempt.
called the cabinet mission arrived in march 1946 and long negotiation of framina
g new constitution and giving india freedom was carried on,
here the jinnah uncle got messy and called on the muslims to go in for the direc
t action to achieve pakistan.
this programme of Direct Action inaugurated by muslim league transformed the who
le of india scene to communal riots. large scale muslim attacks began on the hin
dus at different muslim dominated parts of india.

-- Viceroy wavell was replaced by mountbatten who had given powers and charged w
ith the task of transferring power to india. mountbatten's 3rd june plan or moun
tbatten plan includes;;;;;
1) priniciple of partition of india was accepted by british govt.
2) successor govt. would be given dominion status
3) implicit right to secede from the british common wealth.
then comes the INDIAN INDEPENDENCE ACT, 1947:
on the basis of mount batten plan, the british parliament passed an act called t
he indian independence act, 1947. the act partitioned india in to two independen
t dominions of india and pakistan.
Lord mountbatten, the last viceroy of india
Nehru[PM] and sardar vallabhbhai patel [deputy PM]
Mohammad Ali Jinnah GG of Pakistan and liquate ali khan PM
THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF INDIA
the constituent assembly was set up as a reslt of negotiations b/w the Indian le
aders an members of the british cabinet mission. It first met on dec 9, 1946 in
Delhi, while india was still under british rule.
In june 1947, the delegations from the provinces of Sindh, East Bengal, Baluchis
tan, West Punjab and the North West Frontier Provinces withdrew in order to form
the constituent assembly of Pakistan in Karachi.
on 14 august, 1947 the assembly met in the constitution hall and at the stroke o
f midnight, took over as the legislative assembly of an independent India.
--on 29 aug 1947 the constituent assembly set up a drafting committe under the C
hairmanship of
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India.
-- the constitution was adopted on 26 November, 1949. and it came into force on
26 Jan 1950. On that day, the assembly ceased to exist, transforming itself into
the provisional parliament of india until a new parliament was constituted in 1
952.
--Dr Sachchidananda sinha was the first president (temp chairman of the assembly
) of the constituent assembly when it met on Dec.9, 1946. Dr. Rajendra prasad be
came the permanent president of the constituent assembly.