1.

0 Introduction
Definition of Open Source Software
Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its source code made available
and licensed with a license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study,
change and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose. Open-source software
is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open-source software is the
most prominent example of open-source development and often compared to (technically
defined) user-generated content or (legally defined) open-content movements.

Definition of Open Source Hardware

Open-source hardware consists of physical artifacts of technology designed and offered
by the open design movement. Both free and open-source software (FOSS) as well as
open-source hardware is created by this open-source culture movement and applies a like
concept to a variety of components. The term usually means that information about the
hardware is easily discerned. Hardware design (i.e. mechanical drawings, schematics,
bills of material, PCB layout data, HDL source code and integrated circuit layout data), in
addition to the software that drives the hardware, are all released with the FOSS
approach.

Definition of Software
Computer software, or simply software, also known as computer programs, is the nontangible component of computers. Computer software contrasts with computer hardware,
which is the physical component of computers. Computer hardware and software require
each other and neither can be realistically used without the other.

2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System

Definition of Open Source Operating System
Open Source Operating System is any operating system that is free to use and which
provides the original code where the source code is available (under a copyright license)
to the public, which enables them to use, modify / enhance the operating system, and
redistribute the modified (or unmodified) form of the operating system. The advance user
can modify the code of the operating system to make it works better for them in starting
the computer or a likely user interface.

Examples of Open Source Operating System

Linux

- Linux is a Unix-like and POSIX-compliant computer operating

system assembled under the model of free and open source
software development and distribution. The defining component of
Linux is the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released
on 5 October 1991 by Linus Torvalds.

OpenSolaris

- OpenSolaris was an open source computer operating system

based on Solaris created by Sun Microsystems. It was also the
name of the project initiated by Sun to build a developer and user
community around the software. After the acquisition of Sun
Microsystems in 2010, Oracle decided to discontinue open
development of the core software, and replaced the OpenSolaris
distribution model with the proprietary Solaris Express.

3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software

Definition of Open Source Application Software
Open source application software is computer software that is available in source code
form for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright
holders are provided under a software license that permits users to study, change, and
improve the software. Open source licenses often meet the requirements of the Open
Source Definition. Some open source application software is available within the public
domain. Open source application software is very often developed in a public,
collaborative manner. Open source application software is the most prominent example of
open source development and often compared to user-generated content or open content
movements. The term open source application software originated as part of a marketing
campaign for free application software.

Examples of Open Source Application Software

Apache HHTP Server - The Apache HTTP Server, commonly referred to as Apache is a
web server application notable for playing a key role in the initial
growth of the World Wide Web. Originally based on the NCSA
HTTPd server, development of Apache began in early 1995 after
work on the NCSA code stalled. Apache quickly overtook NCSA
HTTPd as the dominant HTTP server, and has remained the most
popular HTTP server in use since April 1996. In 2009, it became
the first web server software to serve more than 100 million
websites.
Mozilla Firefox

- Mozilla Firefox is a free and open-source web browser

developed for Windows, OS X, and Linux, with a mobile version
for Android, by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the
Mozilla Corporation. Firefox uses the Gecko layout engine to
render web pages, which implements current and anticipated web
standards.

4.0 The Latest Development in ICT

Hardware

Hardware

Samsung Galaxy S5

Samsung Galaxy S

Date

February 2014

March 2010

Features

Price

Operating System
- Android OS, V 4.4.2
CPU
- Quadcore 2.5 GHz Krait 400
Chipset
- Qualcomm MSM8974AC
Snapdragon 801
GPU
- Adreno 330
Battery
- Li-ion 2800 mAh battery

RM 3,193.05

Operating System
- Android OS, V 2.1
CPU
- Hummingbird
Chipset
- 1 GHz Cortex - A8
GPU
- PowerVR SGX540
Battery
- Li-ion 1500 mAh battery

RM 729.84

Software

Software

Microsoft Word 2013

Microsoft Word 2003

Date

17 November 2003

11 October 2013

Features

Prices

- New Design Tab

- Alignment with Alignment
Guides
- Smarter Collaboration
- Discoverable Layout Options

RM 1650.84 (2003)

- Customizable toolbars and menus

- Basic clipart and templates
- XML integration

Office Home and Student (2013)

- RM 462.67
Office Home and Business (2013)
- RM 727.06
Office Professional (2013)
- RM 1321.92

5.0 Pervasive Computing

Definition of Pervasive Computing
Pervasive computing or ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is an advanced computing
concept where computing is made to appear everywhere and anywhere. In contrast to
desktop computing, ubiquitous computing can occur using any device, in any location,
and in any format. A user interacts with the computer, which can exist in many different
forms, including laptop computers, tablets and terminals in everyday objects such as a
fridge or a pair of glasses. The underlying technologies to support ubiquitous computing
include Internet, advanced middleware, operating system, mobile code, sensors,
microprocessors, new I/O and user interfaces, networks, mobile protocols, location and
positioning and new materials.
Examples of Pervasive Computing
Touch 'n Go SmartTAG -

The Touch 'n Go or TnG smart card is used by

Malaysian toll expressway and highway operators as the
sole electronic payment system (EPS). The credit cardsized smart card is made of plastic with Philips' MIFARE
microchip technology embedded in it.The Touch 'n Go
systems are designed to process up to 800 vehicles per hour
to ease the queue congestion at toll plazas and if used
together with SmartTAG (a non-stop electronic toll
collection system), will be able to process up to 1,200
vehicles per hour.

GPS (Global Positioning System) - The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a spacebased satellite navigation system that provides
location and time information in all weather
conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where
there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more
GPS satellites. The system provides critical
capabilities to military, civil and commercial users
around the world. It is maintained by the United
States government and is freely accessible to
anyone with a GPS receiver.

Conclusion
Open Source can be used by anyone because it has no copyright claims, so users are free
to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified
forms. Over the years, ICT has undergone an extensive amount of development which
would able to simplify our tasks. Pervasive computing has also allowed us to interact
with computers and therefore ease our duties. Furthermore, we are able to provide more
concise and accurate computer commands.

References
-

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/open_source.html
http://www.gsmarena.com/compare.php3?idPhone1=6033&idPhone2=3115
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing