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Safety Handbook
Remember:
The contents of this handbook were not
intended to make your life difficult or to
increase your paperwork.
This book is designed to keep you and
your co-workers safe.
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Date
There are two copies of the Petroleum Guiding Principles for Worker Safety included in
this manual. One is on the following page; the other is laminated and loose. Please
display the laminated copy (prominently) in your test unit.
There is a laminated copy of Delta-Ps Corporate Safety Policy. Please display the
laminated copy (prominently) in your test unit.
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Company Name
Company Name
October 2000
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4.1
Ensure the safety program and operations comply with contractual and
regulatory requirements.
Provide sufficient time for contractors and employees to perform their jobs safely.
Hire for employees and contractors only individuals who have good safety
records.
4.2
Managements Responsibilities
Insist on performance and behavior that meet the standards of the companys
safety program.
Ensuring accidents and incidents are reported and investigated and corrective
actions are taken.
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Conduct safety meetings and record minutes; circulate and post meeting
minutes.
4.3
Testers Responsibilities
Operate only the equipment and carry out tasks for which they have been
adequately trained.
Refuse to work under conditions or perform tasks for which they are not
adequately trained or prepared.
Report potential hazards to the Operating Company and the Drilling Contractor.
Identified hazards should also be recorded and passed on to management.
Know the location, type and operation of all emergency equipment on board
testing units.
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Inform Rig Crews of all known hazards prior to testing and measures for dealing
with the hazards.
Inspect worksites for hazardous conditions and compliance with regulatory and
Operating Company requirements.
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Introduction
The Oilfield can is a dangerous place. Hazards exist on every drilling rig and lease.
Every Drill Stem Test has potential hazards. Hazards are conditions that exist in every
workplace.
A HAZARD is a condition that, if not properly identified and mitigated, could lead to an
incident, near miss, injury or accident.
It is critical that hazards be identified BEFORE they can evolve or cause an incident.
The best method for identifying hazards in the workplace is INSPECTION.
INSPECTIONS are visual reconnaissance of a worksite with the intent of identifying
hazards.
5.2
Types of Inspections
The Quick Visual Review should be performed prior to every trip with the test vehicle. It
consists of vehicle walk around to ensure that all tires are inflated, running lights are
functioning, that there are no obstructions around the tires, exhaust pipes are free of
clogs, and that all equipment bay door are secured. As part of the visual review, the
driver should ask himself two questions: Am I in the proper condition to operate this
vehicle in a safe and responsible manner? And What changes to my driving style will I
have to make to properly accommodate the prevailing weather conditions.
The Detailed Visual Review should be performed while the vehicle is stopped for
refueling. It consists of fluid level checks in addition to tire pressure checks.
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5.3
Hazard Control
After an inspection is complete, it is necessary to control any hazards that have been
identified. There are three steps in hazard control:
See Appendix C for more information on Hazard Identification, Hazard Control, and
Hazard Management.
5.4
Hazard Reporting
5.5
The preceding sections on hazard identification, control and reporting may seem like a
great deal of work. This is not the case. Once you become familiar with the inspection
sheets, they will become an asset to you. Not only will they help keep you safe, but they
will also reduce vehicle breakdowns.
In order to assist you with the understanding of Hazard Identification and Control, a few
examples follow for you to read:
Example #1
Inspection: Vehicle Detailed Visual Review.
Hazard: Low oil level.
- A hazard has been identified by visual inspection. It should be controlled.
What needs to be done to remove hazard? Add oil to engine.
Who needs to do it? You. (Or the station attendant, if available)
When? Now.
Note that the when question is open to discussion. The truck may be scheduled for an
oil change the next day, adding a quart of oil is just a waste of money. In this case, the
low oil level hazard is a low risk level. However, the oil level may be low and oil was just
added on the previous fuel stop. In this situation, the action taken may be more than
adding oil a service stop may be required. If this is the case the who changes to a
serviceman and the when question becomes more important.
Example #2
Inspection: Site Inspection Checklist.
Hazard: Logging Truck has Gamma Ray source on lease.
- A hazard has been identified with an inspection checklist.
What needs to be done to remove the hazard? Wait for the logger to complete his task
Who needs to do it? The logging operator
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5.6
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6.2
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6.3
Remain alert and try to anticipate road conditions and action of other
drivers.
Ensure all loads are properly secured and that all cargo/stowage
doors are closed and locked.
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Winter Driving
Additional caution must be exercised under winter driving conditions:
6.4
Leave extra distance between the test vehicle and any vehicle in front
of it. Stopping on ice can take eight times the distance as required on
dry pavement.
Clear snow and ice from the hood and top of vehicle and all windows
prior to driving.
2.
3.
Heat (temperatures high enough to ignite the fuel/air mixture. Note that
exposure to temperatures can be VERY brief for ignition i.e. a static
electric spark.)
The removal of any one of these three components will prevent a fire or cause a
fire to be extinguished. However, control of #1 and #2 are the easiest sources to
control.
To prevent fires, tester should:
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Classification of Fires
Fires can be grouped into the following classifications:
CLASS A:
CLASS B:
CLASS C:
CLASS D:
Fire Extinguishers
Each test vehicle must be equipped with a dry-chemical ABC rated fire
extinguisher.
Shops spaces must be equipped with a dry-chemical ABC rated fire extinguisher.
Access to fire-fighting equipment must never be blocked by any material or
equipment.
All fire fighting equipment must be inspected at least monthly to ensure it is in
place, accessible, and fully charges.
Discharged fire extinguishers must be immediately replace with fully charged
units.
Operation of Fire Extinguisher
Following is a stepwise procedure for operating fire extinguishers:
Break the seal holding pin in place. Remove hose (if equipped)
Point nozzle in safe direction (away from face and body) and give the
operating handle a quick squeeze to verify operation.
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Direct the stream from the extinguisher towards the base of the fire.
Use a rapid sweeping motion (side to side) to blanket the base of the
fire with chemical.
If the extinguisher is not sufficient to kill the flame, back away from the
area. NEVER TURN YOUR BACK ON A FIRE!
Care of Extinguisher
Read and follow the manufacturers instructions with respect to the care and
inspection of the extinguishers.
Fire extinguishers must be inspected once per month to ensure operational
reliability (i.e. seals must be in place, nozzle unobstructed, access to unit).
6.5
Hazardous Materials
Before undertaking any work involving handling or exposure to any hazardous
material workers must unsure:
Color
colorless
Odor
Vapor Density
Flammability
Solubility
Boiling Point
Various concentrations of H2S and the toxic effect that can be expected on the
body are listed below:
1 ppm
Can be smelled.
10 ppm
15 ppm
15-min. OEL
20 ppm
Ceiling OEL
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Sound an alarm
Don SCBA
6.6
Ensure that the proper regulator, designed for the contents of the
cylinder, and appropriate for the pressure rating of the cylinder, is
installed.
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Do not store cylinders in areas where the heat may exceed 55 deg. C.
Electrical Safety
Testers must maintain the following minimum distances between a power-line
and themselves and test equipment.
Safe Limits of Approach from Powerlines
Jurisdiction
Alberta
Federal (CLC)
Distance
300mm
1.0m
0-40 kV
3.0m
69kV, 72kV
3.5m
138kV, 144kV
4.0m
230kV, 240kV
5.0m
500kV
7.0m
Over 750V to 75 kV
3.0m
4.5m
6.0m
Up to 50kV
3.0m
50 kV to 120 kV
4.5m
120 kV-250 kV
6.0m
250kV 350 kV
7.5m
Over 350 kV
9.0m
Hand Tools
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Where signals are required, only one person must give signals and
that person must have received signaling instructions. The signaler
must remain in view of the hoist or winch operator.
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If a
Hydrates
Natural gas hydrates are solid compounds formed by natural gas and water.
Some light hydrocarbons will form hydrates under pressure at temperatures
above 0 deg. C. These hydrates form as crystals and look like snow. In pipe,
they can pack solidly to form a restriction resulting in partial or complete flow
blockages.
Hydrates pose a real threat to people and equipment. If proper procedures are
not used to remove hydrates from pipes, a potential pressure release could
result.
If hydrates are suspected to form a blockage in a pipe segment, the segment
must be isolated by closing valves. If possible, the pipe should be re-charged to
the original pressure prior to the initial bleed-down. After isolation is complete,
the pipe segment should be steamed until the entire pipe length is heated to
above 30 deg. C for a period not less than 15 minutes. After the pipe has been
heated for 15 minutes, another bleed-down attempt may be made.
If the pipe is still blocked, increase the temperature to 40 deg. C and
the duration time to 20 min. Continue to bleed-down and heat in cycles until the
blockage is released.
Manual Handling and Lifting
Whenever manually handling or lifting materials at all worksites, testers must:
Valves
Testers operating valves must:
Keep the body and face away from the top of the stems when opening
or closing high-pressure valves.
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6.7
Testers must review the IRPs and follow the outlined practices. See Appendix F
for a copy of the IRPs.
6.8
Working Alone
The provincial government has released a guide for working alone. Most of the
time, testers will be working with others, however, due to the nature of the job, a
significant amount of time will be spent alone while traveling. As such,
precautions should be taken.
Please refer to Appendix G for more information on Working Alone.
In addition, to minimize the risk to testers, a call in procedure will be used:
Prior to leaving for a test, the tester will report to the dispatcher/manager as to
when they are leaving for a test. The tester will also supply an estimated time for
arrival on location. If a call is received from the Operating Company Engineer
(complaining that a tester is not on location at the appropriate time), the
dispatcher will attempt to contact the tester to verify location and status. If there
is no response, further action will be taken to assess the condition of the tester.
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Orientation
Everyone will undergo an orientation to verify understanding of the corporate safety
policy.
Additionally, all testers will fill out the proceeding page to document their understanding
of the contents of this Handbook.
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Date:_____________________________
Please acknowledge that you have reviewed each element in the Safety Handbook
by initialing and signing below:
Element
Testers Initials
Management
____________
___________
Testers Responsibilities
____________
___________
____________
___________
____________
___________
____________
___________
Driving Hazards
____________
___________
Working Alone
____________
___________
Safety Meeting
____________
___________
TDG
____________
___________
WHMIS
____________
___________
____________
___________
____________
___________
I have reviewed the elements in this manual. I understand that safety is a significant
component of my work. I will make every effort to uphold the Corporate Safety Policy
and the Industry Guiding Principles
____________________________
Signature of Tester
_____________________________
Signature of Management
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Flat Tires
Are the tires/wheels free of obstructions?
Is the exhaust clear?
Are all compartments closed and cable
reel handles stowed?
Are the running and headlights functional?
Are there any obvious leaks?
Are there any loose panels or bodywork?
Are loads tied down?
Operator:
Unit:
Milage:
Drivers Compartment
Sun Visors
Instrument Lamps
Windshield Wipers
Windshield Defrost
Side Windows
Hi-Beam Indicator
Pedal Pads
Steering Travel
Clutch disengagement
Speedometer
Mirrors
Windshield
Body Exterior
Headlamp operation/aim
Clearance Lamps
Tail Lamps
Stop Lamps
Turn signals
Marker Lamps
Hazard Lamps
Reflectors
Tire Pressure
Secondary Attachments
Fenders/Mud Flaps
Air System
Paint
Hood
Accessory Belts
Air compressor
Exhaust
Distributor
Air Filter
Cooling System
Undercarriage
Transmission
Oil Pan
Muffler
Steering Box
Drag Link
Pitman Arm
Cotter pins
Tie-Rod
Differential
Tie-Rod Ends
Frame Rails
Suspension
Shocks
Springs
Axles
U-Joint
Brake Drums
Disc Brakes
Parking Brake
Tire Pressure
Brake Operation
Wheel Bearings
Tire Wear
*** Attach inspection form to invoice/receipt for work performed and file.***
Comments/Notes
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Hazard Location:________________________________________________________________
Person Completing Report:________________________________________________________
Description of Hazard
R.A.C.
Personnel Involved
Delta-P Tester
Contractor
Student
Visitor
Other
Client
Action Required
Responsible Party
Target Date
Completion Date
Consequence
Probability of Occurrence
I. Catastrophe
II. Critical
III. Marginal
IV. Negligible
A. Likely to Occur
B. Probably Occur
C. Possibly Occur
D. Unlikely
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
More than 50
10-49
5-9
Less than 5
Additional Notes and follow up comments are to be written on the back of this document.
Critical
Serious
Moderate
Minor
Event Location:_________________________________________________________________
Person Completing Report:________________________________________________________
Type of Event
Personal Injury
Equipment Failure
Fire/Explosion
Lost Time
Equipment Damage
Vehicle Accident
Medical Aid
Property Damage
Environmental
First Aid
Material Loss
Security/Theft
Restricted Duty
Business Interruption
Other
Personnel Involved
Delta-P Tester
Contractor
Student
Visitor
Other
Client
Event Classification
Critical**
** Full Investigation is required.
Serious**
General Information
Name of Individual Involved:
Employee/Contractor Name:
Location of Event:
Event Description
Minor
Action Required
Who is Responsible
___________________________________
Management Signature
Target Date
Completion Date
____________________________________
Date
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No
Yes
Identify Hazard
Evaluation
Did it work?
Implement
Option
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Assess Hazard
Generate
Options
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Workplace
Health & Safety
WHMIS
Information for Employers
WHMIS
September 1999
Table of Contents
Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 1
What does W-H-M-I-S mean?.............................................................................................................................. 1
What is the purpose of WHMIS?......................................................................................................................... 1
Legislation ........................................................................................................................... 2
What is the WHMIS law called and where can I get a copy?.................................................................... 2
But Im already complying with TDG. ............................................................................................................ 2
What happens if companies dont comply with the WHMIS requirements?......................................... 3
Application........................................................................................................................... 4
Does WHMIS apply to every chemical?............................................................................................................ 4
Which products are excluded from WHMIS?.................................................................................................. 5
Which products are totally excluded?................................................................................................................ 5
Which products are excluded from the supplier aspects of WHMIS?.................................................... 6
Whos going to classify our products for us?................................................................................................... 7
Labels ................................................................................................................................ 11
What does a WHMIS label look like?............................................................................................................... 11
What does a basic supplier label look like?................................................................................................... 11
Variations on the basic supplier label .............................................................................................................. 13
What does the small container label look like? ............................................................................................ 13
How do the WHMIS labelling requirements apply to products purchased in bulk?......................... 14
And laboratory chemicals, what kind of label variations might I find on them?................................. 15
How are laboratory samples labelled? ............................................................................................................ 15
Is that all the variations on the basic supplier label?.................................................................................. 16
What does a WHMIS work site label look like?............................................................................................ 16
Are there any variations on the WHMIS work site label?.......................................................................... 17
Tell me about placards.......................................................................................................................................... 17
When is it okay for me to simply identify a controlled product?.............................................................. 17
Are there any controlled products that dont require a WHMIS label of any kind?.......................... 17
Where do I get my WHMIS labels?.................................................................................................................. 18
My supplier says that some of the ingredients in the product are secret. Can he get away with
that?............................................................................................................................................................................. 23
We like to transfer supplier MSDSs onto our own MSDS format. Is that okay?.............................. 24
Are there any controlled products at the work site that dont require MSDSs?................................. 24
Is there anything else that I need to know about MSDSs?...................................................................... 24
Glossary............................................................................................................................ 29
Appendix 1 Obtaining WHMIS legislation......................................................................... 36
Appendix 2 Resources ..................................................................................................... 37
Introduction
What does W-H-M-I-S mean?
The letters W-H-M-I-S stand for Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.
WHMIS is a national hazard communication system. It affects suppliers, importers and
distributors of potentially hazardous materials used at work sites, and employers and
workers who use those materials.
Legislation
What is the WHMIS law called and where can I get a copy?
There are two main bodies of WHMIS law (legislation). There are federal WHMIS laws,
which deal mostly with the supplier aspects of the system. There are also provincial,
territorial and Labour Canada WHMIS laws. These deal with the employer and worker
aspects of WHMIS.
The federal legislation consists of:
The Hazardous Products Act (HPA);
The Controlled Products Regulations (CPR);
The Ingredient Disclosure List;
The Hazardous Materials Information Review Act; and
The Hazardous Materials Information Review Regulation.
This legislation specifies requirements for supplier labels and MSDSs and requires
suppliers to provide users with MSDSs when products are purchased. It also makes
provision for the protection of confidential business information.
The federal WHMIS law is available from Supply and Services Canada or from federal
government publication outlets across Canada (see Appendix I).
The provincial, territorial and Labour Canada WHMIS laws deal with WHMIS at the work
site level. This legislation defines the various responsibilities of employers and workers
under WHMIS.
Albertas WHMIS law is contained in Part 2 of the Chemical Hazards Regulation. It was
developed under the authority of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, which
establishes the fundamental principles of Albertas occupational health and safety law.
All Alberta occupational health and safety regulations, including the Chemical Hazards
Regulation, are available from the Queens Printer (see Appendix 1).
Application
Does WHMIS apply to every chemical?
No. WHMIS does not apply to every chemical product.
WHMIS applies only to products that meet certain criteria. These products are called
controlled products.
There are six classes of controlled products. Any product that meets the criteria for any
one (or more) of the six WHMIS classes is a controlled product and is included in
WHMIS. A few products are covered by other legislation, so they have been excluded
from WHMIS requirements.
There is no comprehensive list of controlled products. The only way to find out if a
product is a controlled product or not is to compare its properties with the criteria for
each of the six classes of controlled products.
Each class of controlled products has a distinct hazard symbol. Class D has one symbol
for each of its three divisions. (Class B has six divisions, but all six are represented by
the same hazard symbol.)
Figure 1 shows the six WHMIS classes and their hazard symbols. The WHMIS
classification criteria are contained in the federal Controlled Product Regulation.
Figure 1
Products made of wood and products made of tobacco do not include products made
from wood and products made from tobacco. For example, lumber, which is made of
wood, and cigarettes, which are made of tobacco, are excluded from WHMIS by this
exemption. On the other hand, turpentine, which is made from wood, and nicotine,
which is extracted from tobacco, are included.
Manufactured article means a product that is manufactured to a specific shape, and
whose function depends on that shape. Manufactured articles do not release controlled
products during normal use. Coated pipe is an example of a product that is exempted
from WHMIS by this provision. The coating material may have been a controlled product
when it was applied, but it is not released during normal use of the pipe. Welding rods,
on the other hand, are not exempted by this provision because they release controlled
products (as part of the welding fume) during their normal use.
You should note that the release of controlled products during the installation of a
material does not prohibit its exemption from WHMIS by the manufactured article
provision. New carpet, for example, usually releases certain gases during installation
and for a short time afterward. But installation is not normal use. So carpet is
considered a manufactured article and is totally exempted from WHMIS.
Even though these products are exempt from WHMIS, the Alberta Chemical Hazards
Regulation deals with materials that are hazardous but are not controlled products.
These hazardous materials are called harmful substances. Employers have three
responsibilities regarding harmful substances. They must:
ensure that harmful substances or their containers are clearly identified;
establish procedures to minimize worker exposure to these substances; and
train workers in those procedures and in the health hazards associated with
exposure to the harmful substance.
being reviewed to ensure that their information requirements are as stringent as those of
WHMIS. If this is found not to be the case, the situation will be corrected. Those
individual laws will be amended or the products will be brought into WHMIS so that users
receive information that meets the WHMIS standard.
Can I get imported products to my plant to label them, or will they be stopped at
the border?
Importers may bring a controlled product into Canada without a WHMIS supplier label or
a WHMIS MSDS, as long as the Alberta government is notified and the WHMIS
requirements are met before the product is used or sold.
Notification to the government must include:
identification and description, i.e. the classification of the product;
address in Alberta at which the supplier label will be applied, a list of the other
provinces into which the product will be imported; and
if requested:
a sample of the product,
import schedule, and
quantity of product to be imported.
10
Labels
What does a WHMIS label look like?
There are two main kinds of WHMIS labels supplier labels and work site labels.
Supplier labels are the labels that must be present on controlled products in their original
(supplier) containers. These include:
controlled products sold by Canadian suppliers and distributors to Canadian work
sites;
controlled products imported into Canada for use at work sites; and
old controlled products which employers obtained prior to WHMIS coming into
effect and that are still present at the work site.
Work site labels are used only by employers and workers. They are applied to:
containers into which controlled products are transferred;
containers of controlled products that are produced at the work site for use there;
and
supplier containers, to replace supplier labels (and labels that are accepted as
supplier labels, such as labels on pesticides and consumer products) that have been
accidentally damaged or defaced, where new supplier labels cannot be obtained.
There are different information requirements for supplier labels and work site labels. In
addition, there are some situations in which the basic requirements for each type of label
are relaxed and less detailed labels may be used.
11
Figure 2
The basic WHMIS supplier label has seven required pieces of information which must be
contained within the rectangular border. Figure 3 lists these requirements. The supplier
label information must be written in both French and English. The only acceptable
alternative to this provision is the use of two, equally visible labels, one in French and
one in English.
There is no specified format for the WHMIS supplier label. There is no size requirement
either, but the label must be large enough to be legible.
Finally, the label must be located on some area of the product where it will be readily
seen.
12
Figure 3
1.
2.
Supplier Identifier
Identifier of manufacturer or distributor, as appropriate
3.
Hazard Symbols
All WHMIS hazard symbols applicable to the products classification.
4.
Risk Phrases
Brief statements on the main risks associated with the product.
5.
Precautionary Measures
Brief statement of main precautions to be taken.
6.
7.
13
Figure 4
14
the supplier chooses one of the other two options, you must use the information
provided to make a work site label and apply that label to the products container.
And laboratory chemicals, what kind of label variations might I find on them?
Controlled products used in laboratories may have regular WHMIS supplier labels.
However, controlled products that are:
from laboratory supply houses;
intended for use in laboratories; and
packed in quantities of 10 kg or less may be labelled with either of two supplier label
variations:
1. they may be labelled with all of the information required on a WHMIS MSDS, in
which case the supplier is not required to provide a separate MSDS to the
customer; or
2. they may be labelled with a basic supplier label from which the WHMIS border,
the hazard symbols, and the supplier identifier have been omitted.
15
Figure 5
Sample number:
203
Contents:
John Ranchman
TOLU-SOLV
All Purpose Cleaner
Flammable: Keep away from all sources of heat,
sparks, and open flames
Toxic:
16
Are there any controlled products that dont require a WHMIS label of any kind?
There are only two groups of controlled products in this category. They are:
controlled products for immediate use; and
fugitive emissions.
A controlled product for immediate use is one that is transferred from a properly
labelled container to another container, and that will be transferred immediately from the
second container into some chemical process where it will be totally consumed. The
17
transfer container need not have any type of WHMIS label. An example of this situation
is the measuring of a reagent before adding it to a chemical reaction vessel.
Fugitive emissions cannot be labelled because they are spread through the air or over a
surface. However, the equipment from which the emissions escape must be labelled
with an appropriate work site label.
18
19
Figure 7
1.
i
i
i
i
i
2.
Preparation information
i
Person or group responsible for preparation, and telephone number
i
Date of preparation
3.
Product Information
i
Product identifier
i
Product name
i
Product use
i
Manufacturers name, address, and emergency telephone number
i
Suppliers name, address and emergency telephone number
4.
Physical data
i
Physical state
i
Odour and appearance
i
Odour threshold
i
Specific gravity
i
Vapour pressure
i
Vapour density
5.
i
i
i
i
i
Evaporation rate
Boiling point
Freezing point
pH
Coefficient of water/oil distribution
6.
Reactivity Data
i
Conditions of instability
i
Substances with which product is incompatible
i
Condition of reactivity
i
Hazardous decomposition products
7.
Toxicological Properties
i
Route of entry
i
Effects of acute exposure
i
Effects of chronic exposure
i
Exposure limits
i
Irritancy of product
i
Sensitizing properties
i
i
i
i
i
Carcinogenicity
Reproductive toxicity
Teratogenicity
Mutagenicity
Toxicologically synergistic products
Preventive Measures
i
Personal protective equipment
i
Engineering controls
i
Spill/leak procedures
i
Waste disposal
i
i
i
Handling procedures/equipment
Storage requirements
Shipping information
8.
9.
20
Figure 8
21
=
=
=
=
22
MSDS from one of your regular suppliers, replace the MSDS you have with the updated
one.
You may have a number of controlled products that you buy on a one-time-only or an
irregular basis. Keeping the MSDSs for these products up-to-date might be a bit more
complicated. Whenever you become aware of new hazard information which pertains to
one of these products, or whenever one of these MSDSs becomes three years old, your
company will have to update the sheet. You could contact the supplier and request the
current MSDS. But remember that the supplier doesnt have a legal obligation to provide
it to you until you buy more of the product. Alternatively, you can ask the supplier for
enough information to update the MSDS yourself. If the supplier does not cooperate you
will either have to use your company resources to get the MSDS updated or stop using
the product.
MSDSs for controlled products which are produced at your company or which you import
for use at your company must be updated by your company. They must be reviewed
every three years (or more often if new hazard information becomes available in the
interim), and updated as necessary.
My supplier says that some of the ingredients in the product are secret. Can he
get away with that?
WHMIS makes provision for the protection of certain secret information, called
confidential business information, from disclosure on WHMIS supplier labels or
MSDSs.
Only certain specific information qualifies as confidential business information. Even this
specific information may be withheld from disclosure only when certain conditions are
met.
Suppliers may withhold the identity of any ingredient(s) in a controlled product, the
concentration of any ingredient(s), or the identity of any toxicology study which would
identify the ingredient(s), as confidential business information. Employers may withhold
the product identifier and information which would identify the supplier, as well as the
same information which suppliers may withhold.
Other information physical properties, hazard information and preparation must
always be revealed on the MSDS. It can never be withheld as confidential business
information.
If confidential business information has been withheld from a supplier label or MSDS,
this fact will be clearly indicated. The secret information will be replaced with a
Hazardous Materials Information Review Commission (HMIRC) Registry number and the
date on which the claim was filed (or date when the information was validated as secret.)
Confidential business information is discussed later in this Safety Bulletin.
23
We like to transfer supplier MSDSs onto our own MSDS format. Is that okay?
WHMIS does not discourage this practice. In fact, standard format company MSDSs
have many advantages. A consistent format from one sheet to the next makes it much
easier for readers to find the specific information they are looking for. And the use of
consistent terminology throughout the complete collection of MSDSs improves
readability.
Employer MSDSs must contain all of the information that was on the supplier MSDS.
Additional hazard information that the employer is aware of should also be included on
the employer MSDS. The original supplier MSDSs must be available to persons at the
work site, and the employer MSDS must indicate this fact.
Are there any controlled products at the work site that dont require MSDSs?
Certain controlled products such as pesticides, explosives, etc., are excluded from the
supplier aspects of WHMIS. (These are discussed on page 6.) Suppliers are not
required to provide MSDSs for these products, and employers are not required to obtain
them.
MSDSs are not required for intermediate products in reaction vessels either. These
chemicals have a very short life. Often, they are not even identified.
Finally, laboratory supply houses are permitted to sell certain controlled products without
providing MSDSs. These controlled products must be less than 10 kilograms in quantity
and sold for use in laboratories only. Instead of the basic supplier label, they must be
labelled with all of the information that is required for the basic WHMIS MSDS.
24
Worker Education
What must be included in WHMIS worker education?
WHMIS worker education includes four areas of instruction:
1.
2.
3.
4.
25
probably vary among groups of workers. The hazard information a person needs to
know and the procedures in which a person is trained depends on the work they do.
The employer must review the program of instruction at least once each year, or more
often if conditions at the work site change or new information on a controlled product
becomes available. This does not necessarily mean that re-instruction is required, but is
meant to identify whether the program should be updated.
26
What if the supplier claims that some of the hazard information is confidential?
Hazard information can never be withheld from disclosure.
Only the information described in the previous section may be withheld. Even that
limited amount of information may be withheld only if it is validated as WHMIS
confidential business information.
27
Staff at the HMIRC review the claim to determine its validity and review the products
MSDS and/or label to ensure that the information is complete and accurate.
For importers of controlled products, trade secrets, proprietary information, or a
registered trade secret claim in another country are not valid in Canada. The
manufacturer must register with HMIRC if they wish to withhold confidential business
information.
28
Glossary
Acute exposure a single exposure, or exposure over a short time.
Acute toxic effects (acute toxicity) effects that take place after a single exposure or
after a short series of exposures within 24 hours.
Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Act lays out employers and workers
fundamental responsibilities for health and safety at work sites in Alberta. The
authorities of the Alberta government to enforce these responsibilities are also found in
this Act. Details of employers and workers responsibilities are specified in regulations
written under the authority of the Act.
American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) an international
association of occupational hygienists who develop many guidelines for the practice of
occupational hygiene. One of the most important of these guidelines is Threshold Limit
Values and Biological Exposure Indices. An updated version is published every year.
This publication serves as the basis for occupational exposure limits in many
jurisdictions around the world.
Autoignition temperature the lowest temperature at which a substance will ignite when
no spark or flame is present.
Boiling point the temperature above which a product boils. Vapour is given off very
rapidly at temperatures above the boiling point.
CAS Registry Number Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. This is a unique
reference number used when looking up research information about a particular
chemical.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) an occupational
health and safety information service, located in Hamilton, Ontario. The Centre provides
publications on many occupational health and safety subjects and access to a very large
collection of advice on occupational health and safety problems. www.ccohs.org
Chemical Hazards Regulations the Alberta regulation that contains details of
employers and workers WHMIS responsibilities. It also contains other requirements
regarding chemicals at workplaces.
Chronic exposure exposure to a low concentration of a substance over an extended
period of time.
Chronic toxic effects (chronic toxicity) effects that occur after chronic exposure or that
occur a long time after exposure.
Coefficient of water/oil distribution the ratio of a products distribution between the
water and oil portions of a mixture of water and oil. A value of less than 1 indicates that
the product is more soluble in oils. A value of greater than 1 indicates that the product is
more soluble in water.
29
30
Evaporation rate a term on a WHMIS MSDS that indicates how quickly a substance
vapourizes compared with butyl acetate. (The evaporation rate of butyl acetate is 1.)
Substances with a high evaporation rate can get into the air very quickly.
Explosion data sensitivity to impact a term on a WHMIS MSDS to indicate whether
a product will explode if it is jarred or scraped.
Explosion data sensitivity to static discharge a term on a WHMIS MSDS to indicate
whether a product will explode if it is exposed to static electricity.
Exposure limits the concentrations of chemicals that may not be exceeded in
workplace air. Exposure limits have different names and often have different numerical
values in different provinces and territories. In Alberta they are called Occupational
Exposure Limits (OELs) and are listed in the Chemical Hazards Regulation.
First aid measures a subsection of the WHMIS MSDS that describes the main first aid
actions to be taken if a worker is seriously overexposed.
Flash point the lowest temperature at which a product will give off enough vapour to
catch fire when it is exposed to a source of ignition. The lower the flash point, the
greater the potential fire hazard. There should be a notation beside the flash point value
to indicate the test method that was used.
Freezing point the temperature below which a liquid material turns into a solid. It is
identical to the melting point, the temperature above which a solid material becomes
liquid.
Generic WHMIS worker education the component of the WHMIS worker education
program that includes a general introduction to WHMIS, training in the required content
of WHMIS labels and MSDSs, and training in the purpose and significance of that
information to workers health and safety on the job.
Handling procedures/equipment a subsection of a WHMIS MSDS that describes the
basic precautions to be observed when handling the product or the basic equipment to
be used during handling.
Hazard information all information on the safe use, storage, and handling of a
controlled product, including toxicological information.
Hazardous Materials Information Act the federal act that allows the protection of
confidential business information. It specifies what information may be protected and
establishes the Hazardous Materials Information Review Commission.
Hazardous Materials Information Review Commission the organization, located in
Ottawa, which reviews claims of confidential information, i.e. the conditions under which
information may be protected, the procedures for filing a claim, etc.
Hazardous Products Act the act that specifies suppliers responsibilities regarding
prohibited products, restricted products and controlled products. WHMIS includes
only controlled products.
31
Importer a person or company that brings a controlled product into Canada for sale
to, or use at, a work site. Importers have the same WHMIS responsibilities as suppliers.
Incompatible substances materials which, when combined with a specific product, will
cause the production of toxic or corrosive materials, excessive heat or an explosion.
Ingredient Disclosure List a list of 1,736 chemicals which, if present as an ingredient
in a controlled product at concentrations greater than the cut-off concentrations specified
on the List, must be revealed on the MSDS. The Ingredient Disclosure List is not a list of
controlled products. (There is no comprehensive list of controlled products.)
Irritancy the ability of a product to cause local effects in the area where it contacts the
body, such as the throat, eyes or skin. Effects could include redness, itching or swelling.
Laboratory any location where samples are taken or analyzed.
LC50 (Lethal Concentration50 ) this is the unit for measuring the toxicity of chemicals
that are inhaled into the body. It represents the amount of a chemical that will cause
death in 50% of a group of test animals. LC50 values are usually expressed as ppm
(parts of chemical per million parts of air) for dusts, mists or fumes. They vary with the
species of animal and the length of exposure. You can expect to see this information in
brackets beside the LC 50 value, for example, LC 50 = 2ppm (mouse, 4 hours).
LD50 (Lethal Dose 50 ) this is the unit for measuring toxicity of chemicals that enter the
body by any route other than inhalation e.g. through ingestion or skin absorption. It
represents the amount of a chemical that will cause death in 50% of a group of test
animals. LD 50 values are usually expressed in mg/kg (milligrams of chemical per
kilogram of animal body weight). They vary with the animal species, the route of
exposure, and the length of exposure. You can expect to see this information in
brackets beside the LD 50 value, for example, LD 50 = 5 mg/kg (rat, oral, 8 weeks).
Lower explosive limit (LEL) or Lower flammable limit (LFL) the lowest concentration of
a substance in air that will explode when it is exposed to a source of ignition. At
concentrations below the LEL, the mixture is too lean to explode. The LEL is the same
as the LFL.
Means of extinction a subsection of a WHMIS MSDS that describes the type of fire
extinguisher that should be used on a small fire involving the product and the main
firefighting agents to be used for a major fire.
Mutagenicity a products ability to change the genetic materials in the body cells of
exposed persons. Mutations in germ cells (sperm and ova) may be passed on to the
exposed persons children. Mutations to other cells affect only the person who was
exposed.
Odour threshold the lowest concentration of a substance in air at which most people
can smell it.
Organic peroxide a particular type of chemical. It is a very powerful oxidizer, highly
self-reactive if heated or shocked, and very irritating to skin, eyes, throat and respiratory
tract.
32
Oxidizing material any material that can give up oxygen or other oxidizing materials.
Oxidizing materials stimulate combustion and are incompatible with flammable
substances.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) the clothing or equipment that a worker who is
handling a hazardous material can wear to reduce or prevent their exposure to the
substance. PPE may include coveralls, goggles, a faceshield, apron, gloves or
respirator.
pH a measure of a substances acidity or alkalinity. A pH of 7 is neutral. Substances
with a pH greater than 7 are alkaline (caustic). Alkalinity increases as the number
increases. Substances with a pH less than 7 are acidic. Acidity increases as the pH
decreases.
Physical state indicates whether a product is a solid, liquid or gas.
Polymerization the combination of simple molecules to form large chain-like macromolecules. This reaction can sometimes be observed as the hardening of a noninhibited liquid product.
Prohibited products products that may not be sold, advertised or distributed in
Canada. These products are dealt with in Part I of the Hazardous Products Act. They
are not involved in WHMIS.
Preparation information a subsection of the WHMIS MSDS that identifies a person or
group that can explain the information on the MSDS or can give further information
about the product if it is needed. A telephone number for this person or group is also
included.
Reproductive toxicity a products ability to affect the fertility of persons exposed to it.
The effects include changes in sperm or ova, and miscarriages.
Restricted products products that must be labelled in a particular way if they are to be
sold in Canada. They are dealt with in Part I of the Hazardous Products Act. Restricted
products that are packaged in sizes appropriate for the general public, labelled as
required by the HPA and offered for sale in ordinary retail outlets are considered, for the
purposes of WHMIS, to be consumer products.
Route of entry the way a product enters the body. The most common routes for
workplace chemicals to enter the body are inhalation, ingestion and absorption through
the skin.
Note: Contact between a product and the skin does not necessarily result in the
material being absorbed into the body. The material could cause a chemical
burn or a rash on the surface of the skin or eye and never enter the body.
Sale (of a controlled product) includes offer for sale, expose for sale or distribute.
33
Sensitization a products ability to affect the bodys immune system so that further
exposures may result in symptoms. These symptoms may be as minor as a slight
irritation of the skin or as profound as severe respiratory distress. Different sensitizers
cause different types of symptoms.
Shipping information specific instructions on the WHMIS MSDS for preventing
conditions of flammability, instability, or reactivity from developing during shipping.
Specific gravity the weight of a substance compared to the weight of an equal volume
of water. Substances with a specific gravity greater than 1 are heavier than water.
Substances with a specific gravity of less than 1 are lighter than water.
Spill/leak procedures a term on a WHMIS MSDS. These procedures describe the
steps to be taken in the event of a spill or leak of the controlled product.
Storage requirements specific instructions on the WHMIS MSDS for preventing
conditions of flammability, instability, or reactivity from developing during storage.
Supplier a person or company that manufactures, processes or packages a controlled
product, or that sells or imports a controlled product.
Synergism a phenomenon involving the simultaneous effects of exposure to two
substances. Synergistic substances cause effects that are greater than the sum of the
effect caused by the two individual substances alone.
Teratogenicity a products ability to cause damage to a fetus without affecting the
pregnant female.
Threshold limit values (TLVs) airborne concentrations of substances. TLVs represent
conditions to which it is believed that nearly all workers may be exposed day after day,
without suffering adverse effects. ACGIH developed this term.
Toxicity a basic property of a substance. It is the substances ability to cause adverse
effects in persons exposed to it.
Transportation of Dangerous Goods legislation (TDG) legislation that controls the
conditions under which dangerous materials may be transported on public roads, in the
air, by rail or by ship. Its purpose is to protect the health and safety of persons in the
vicinity of transport accidents involving those materials.
Upper explosive limit (UEL)or Upper flammable limit (UFL) the greatest concentration
of a substance in air that will explode when it is exposed to a source of ignition. At
concentrations greater than the UEL, the mixture is too rich to explode. The UEL is the
same as the UFL.
Vapour density the weight of a vapour or gas compared to the weight of an equal
volume of air. Substances with vapour densities greater than 1 sink to low lying areas
and accumulate there. If the substance is flammable, a dropped match or a spark can
cause a fire or explosion. If toxic, persons working in low areas (such as mechanics
pits) may be exposed to high concentrations of the vapour and suffer the acute effects of
the product.
34
Vapour pressure the pressure exerted by the vapour formed over a liquid in a closed
container, under standard test conditions, reported as an absolute pressure. Vapour
pressure increases as temperature increases until the criteria temperature is reached.
The presence of these vapours in the air may be a hazard, especially if the vapours are
flammable or toxic, or in confined spaces where they may displace breathable air out of
the space.
Waste disposal a term on a WHMIS MSDS that describes effective and
environmentally safe ways to dispose of waste that contains the controlled product.
Work site specific WHMIS worker education the portion of the WHMIS worker
education program in which workers are trained in the hazard information applicable to
the controlled products they work with or near, and in work procedures applicable to
those products.
35
Appendix 1
The Act and its regulations are also available at the Alberta Human Resources and
Employment, Workplace Health and Safety Web site at : www.whs.gov.ab.ca
36
Appendix 2
Resources
Books
Logan, Jeanette, E.C. (ed.) (1989) WHMIS Compliance Manual, Canada: The
Carswell Company.
Moser, Cindy (Project Manager) (1988) The WHMIS Handbook, Don Mills, Ontario:
Corpus Information Services, A Division of Southam Communications Ltd.
Poster*
*Available from Alberta Human Resources and Employment, Workplace Health and Safety.
Personal Assistance
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS)
250 Main Street
Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6
www.ccohs.org
A list of WHMIS consultants (e.g. occupational hygienists, trainers, publishers, etc.) is
available, upon request, from Alberta Human Resources and Employment, Workplace
Health and Safety.
37
For more information about workplace safety or safe work practices, contact the Alberta
Human Resources and Employment, Workplace Health and Safety Call Centre by
dialling toll-free:
1-866-415-8690
Edmonton
(780) 427-9999
Other locations
1-800-232-7215
Edmonton(780) 427-4952
Calgary..(403) 297-6251
38
19/06/01
36
C:\My Documents\Delta-P\Safety Programme\Safety Manual.doc
Transports Canada
Transport Canada
Safety and Security Scurit et sret
Marchandises dangereuses
Dangerous Goods
?
8
5.1
Classification
EXPLOSIVE
1.1D
1
and
RADIOACTIVE
Safety Marks
4
INFECTIOUS INFECTIEUX
TP10164
NOVEMBER 1996
Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1996
Cat. No. T44-3/16-1993, 2nd Edition
ISBN 0-662-59538-6
Dangerous Goods
Classification
and
Safety Marks
Table of Contents
Topic
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1
Explanation of Terms ..................................................................................................................... 1
Classification .................................................................................................................................. 2
Safety marks ................................................................................................................................... 3
The Nine Classes ........................................................................................................................... 4
Class 1 Explosives .................................................................................................... 4
Class 2 Gases ........................................................................................................... 6
Class 3 Flammable Liquids ....................................................................................... 7
Class 4 Flammable Solids ......................................................................................... 8
Class 5 Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides.............................................. 9
Class 6 Poisonous Substances and Infectious Substances .................................... 10
Class 7 Radioactive Materials ................................................................................. 11
Class 8 Corrosive Substances ................................................................................ 12
Class 9 Miscellaneous Substances ......................................................................... 12
Danger Placard .......................................................................................................... 13
Marine Pollutant ......................................................................................................... 13
Special Labels and Placards ...................................................................................... 13
Contacts: Federal .......................................................................................................................... 14
Contacts: Provincial/Territorial ....................................................................................................... 15
Explanation
of Terms
The explanations listed below are provided for ease of understanding only and
may not be substituted for the definitions as they appear in the Regulations.
Compatibility Group - identifies the kinds of Class 1 explosive substances
and articles that can be transported together without significantly increasing
either the probability of an accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of
the effects of such an accident.
Consignor - the person who offers the shipment for transport (normally the
shipper).
Lables - small diamond-shaped safety marks placed on packages and small
containers to identify the hazard of the dangerous goods.
Packing Group - indicates the degree of danger of a product or substance.
Group I, great danger; II, moderate danger; III, minor danger.
Placards - large diamond-shaped safety marks used on a vehicle or large
container to identify the hazard of the dangerous goods.
Primary Classification - the classification of a dangerous good that takes
precedence over any other classification.
Product Identification Number - a four-digit United Nations or North
American number used to identify the dangerous goods.
Subsidiary Classification - other classifications that further identify the
hazards of the dangerous goods.
Classification
Is the product completely and accurately described by the shipping name (and its
attached description) in normal-type face in List I or List II of the Schedule II?
YES
NO
Falls out of
all classes
Not regulated.
Consult List II of
Schedule II for
appropriate name
in caps and the
applicable special
provisions from
Schedule III.
Safety Marks
Safety marks communicate by colour and symbol the degree and nature of the
hazard of dangerous goods. These safety marks are displayed on containers,
packages, tanks and cylinders and on transport units. There are four groups of
safety marks: labels, placards, signs and other safety marks.
Labels indicate the primary classification of dangerous goods and, in some cases,
the subsidiary classification. Unless otherwise specified, they must be applied to
every small container, package and cylinder that contains dangerous goods and
is to be offered for transport. (They need not be applied to inner receptacles in
packages).
Placards also indicate the primary and, where applicable, the subsidiary
classification of dangerous goods by colour, symbol and, in some cases, product
identification number. Unless otherwise specified, they must be applied on each
side and each end of the large container or the transport unit so that they are
visible from any direction.
Other safety marks are not necessarily symbols but additional information which
may be required. For example, the shipping name and the product identification
number must appear on a small container or package. For more detailed
information, please refer to the Regulations (section 5.37).
There are also special labels and placards for use in certain situations, such as
Ventilation requirements, Fumigation sign, Residu (e), Polychlorinated
biphenyls and This side up. For more detailed information, please refer to the
Regulations.
Class 1
Explosives
EXPLOSIVE
EXPLOSIVE A
EXPLOSIVE B
*1
*1
*1
EXPLOSIVE
EXPLOSIVE A
EXPLOSIVE B
*1
*1
*1
Domestic
U.S./Canada
1.4
1.4
EXPLOSIVE
1.4
EXPLOSIVE
*1
EXPLOSIVE C
1.4
*1
EXPLOSIVE C
*1
*1
Domestic
U.S./Canada
* Compatiblity group.
* Compatibility Group
There are 13 compatibility group letters used for segregation purposes
in the transportation of Explosives: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, N and S.
The appropriate letter must be displayed on the label and/or placard.
Class 1
Contd
1.5
1.5
1.5
BLASTING
AGENTS
D
1.5
BLASTING
AGENTS
D
Domestic
U.S./Canada
1.6
*1
1.6
*1
* Compatiblity group.
Explosives are considered to be compatible with other explosive substances if
they can be transported together without significantly increasing either the
probability of an accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of the effects if
an accident should occur. The 13 compatibility groups are listed in the United
Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, also called
the Orange Book.
Commonly used in mining and construction operations
(example: blasting agents).
Hazards
mass explosion
projection of missile hazards
mass fire, minor blast effects
toxic fumes
Class 2
Gases
Contd
Oxygen only
Poison gas /
Gaz toxique
Poison gas /
Gaz toxique
Class 2
Contd
Hazards
BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion)
asphyxiation
explosion or fire
toxicity
corrosiveness
irritation
container rupture
container rocketing
frostbite
Class 3
Flammable Liquids
A liquid which has a closed-cup flash point* not greater than 61o C.
Commonly used as fuel (example: gasoline, ethanol, fuel oil (diesel)).
* Flash point: the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient
vapour to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the surface of the liquid.
Hazards
BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion)
fire
toxic fumes
corrosivity
unconfined vapour cloud explosion
water contamination
Class 4
Flammable Solids;
Substances liable
to spontaneous
combustion;
Substances that on
contact with water
emit flammable
gases
(water-reactive substances)
Class 4
Hazards
Contd
Class 5
Oxidizing
Substances
and
Organic Peroxides
may ignite
may burn violently
may be air or water reactive
may be spontaneously combustible
may also be toxic and/or corrosive
may give off toxic/corrosive fumes
5.1 - A substance which causes or contributes to the combustion of other material
by yielding oxygen or other oxidizing substances whether or not the
substance itself is combustible.
Commonly used in fertilizers (example: ammonium nitrate).
5.1
5.1
5.2 - An organic compound that contains the bivalent -O-O- structure which
is a strong oxidizing agent and may be liable to explosive decomposition,
be sensitive to heat, shock or friction, react dangerously with other
dangerous goods or may cause damage to the eyes.
Commonly used in automobile body shops as body filler
(example: dibenzoyl peroxide).
5.2
5.2
Hazards
burn easily and intensely
readily supply oxygen (intensifies a fire)
sensitive to heat, shock, friction
may react to contamination
may form explosive mixture
may be toxic
may explode
Class 6
Poisonous
Substances
and
Infectious
Substances
or
6
INFECTIOUS INFECTIEUX
IN CASE OF DAMAGE EN CAS DE DOMMAGE
OR LEAKAGE OU DE FUITE COMMUNIQUER
IMMEDIATELY NOTIFY IMMDIATEMENT
LOCAL AVEC LES AUTORITS
AUTHORITIES LOCALES
OR OU
CANUTEC
613-996-6666
Hazards
6.1 may be toxic by inhalation, absorption or ingestion
6.2 may be infectious to humans, animals or both
10
Class 7
Radioactive
Materials
Radioactive materials within the meaning of the Atomic Energy Control Act
with activity greater than 74 kBq/kg.
Commonly used in nuclear fuel rods
(example: radioactive material - LSA (yellow cake)).
Placard
RADIOACTIVE
Labels
There are three categories which indicate the surface radiation level for a package
with Category I being the lowest level and Category III the highest.
RADIOACTIVE I
RADIOACTIVE II
RADIOACTIVE III
CONTENTS..........................CONTENU
ACTIVITY..........................ACTIVIT
CONTENTS..........................CONTENU
ACTIVITY..........................ACTIVIT
INDICE DE TRANSPORT INDEX
CONTENTS..........................CONTENU
ACTIVITY..........................ACTIVIT
INDICE DE TRANSPORT INDEX
Category I - white
Category II - yellow
Hazards
exposure to radiation
release of radioactive contents (contamination)
11
Class 8
Corrosive
Substances
Hazards
destroy living tissue
corrode metals and other materials
may ignite combustibles
Class 9
Miscellaneous
Products or
Substances
Hazards
may be toxic through inhalation of dust particles
may produce toxic fumes
toxic to the environment
may be toxic to humans
12
Danger Placard
DANGER
Marine Pollutant
MARINE POLLUTANT
Special Labels
and
Placards
DANGER
The lading of this container or
vehicle has been fumigated or
treated with
Le chargement de ce conteneur ou
vhicule a t fumig ou trait
au
Fumigation Sign
DANGER
Package
Orientation
Ventilation
requirements
ATTENTION
PCB - DPC
CONTAINS
CONTIENT DES
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS DIPHNYLES POLYCHLORS
RESIDU(E)
Elevated
Temperature
A TOXIC ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTAMINANT SCHEDULED
UNDER THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS
ACT. IN CASE OF ACCIDENT,
SPILL OR FOR DISPOSAL
INFORMATION CONTACT
THE NEAREST OFFICE OF
THE ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION SERVICE,
ENVIRONMENT CANADA.
Special PCB
requirements
13
Contacts
Federal
Further information
is available from:
Atlantic Region
Chief
Transport Dangerous Goods
Transport Canada
45 Alderney Drive, Suite 1415
Queen Square Building
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
B2Y 2N6
Telephone: (902) 426-9351
Facsimile: (902) 426-6921
Air Transportation of Dangerous Goods
Headquarters
Chief, Dangerous Goods Standards
Aviation Regulation Directorate
Transport Canada - Aviation
Place de Ville, Tower C
330 Sparks Street
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0N8
Telephone: (613) 990-1060
Facsimile: (613) 954-1602
Marine
Senior Surveyor Dangerous Goods
Ship Safety Directorate
Canadian Coast Guard
Transport Canada
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0N5
Telephone: (613) 991-3143
Facsimile: (613) 993-8196
Railway Transport
Chief of Operations
Transport Canada
Operations Branch
344 Slater Street, 15th Floor
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0N5
Telephone: (613) 990-7077
Facsimile: (613) 990-2012
Explosives
Explosives Division
Natural Resources Canada
580 Booth Street
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0E4
Telephone: (613) 995-8415
Facsimile: (613) 995-0480
Radioactive Materials
Directorate of Fuel Cycle and Materials
Regulation
Atomic Energy Control Board
Ottawa, Ontario
K1P 5S9
Telephone: (613) 995-0553
Facsimile: (613) 995-5086
14
Contacts
Contd
Provincial/Territorial
Manager, Dangerous Goods
Motor Vehicle Department
Ministry of the Attorney General
2631 Douglas Street
Victoria, British Columbia
V8T 5A3
Telephone: (604) 387-5585
Facsimile: (604) 356-8986
Director
Dangerous Goods Control
Regional Co-ordination
Alberta Transportation and Utilities
1st Floor, Twin Atria Building
4999 - 98th Avenue
Edmonton, Alberta
T6B 2X3
Telephone: (403) 427-8901
Facsimile: (403) 427-1044
Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation
Transportation Legislation and Safety Branch
Dangerous Goods Transport
1855 Victoria Avenue, 8th Floor
Regina, Saskatchewan
S4P 3V5
Telephone: (306) 787-5527
Facsimile: (306) 787-8610
Dangerous Goods Information
Manitoba Environment
139 Tuxedo Avenue, Building 2
Winnipeg, Manitoba
R3N 0H6
Telephone: (204) 945-7025
Facsimile: (204) 948-2420
Operational Policy and Standards Office
Compliance Branch
Ministry of Transportation
301 St. Paul Street
St. Catherines, Ontario
L2R 7R4
Telephone: (905) 704-2434
Facsimile: (905) 704-2008
15
Contacts
Contd
Director
Motor Vehicle Division
Department of Transportation
Government of the Northwest Territories
4510 - 50th Avenue
Highways Building, 1st Floor
P.O. Box 1320
Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
X1A 2L9
Telephone: (403) 873-7406
Facsimile: (403) 873-0120
16
19/06/01
37
C:\My Documents\Delta-P\Safety Programme\Safety Manual.doc
INDUSTRY RECOMMENDED
PRACTICE (IRP)
VOLUME 4 - 2000
PRINTED: 2000/2
2000/02
Continually strive to eliminate the number and magnitude of work-related injuries and
illnesses through the promotion of health and safety principles, processes and practices
for everyone in the industry.
Promote improved and standardized petroleum industry health and safety practices that
meet regulatory requirements throughout Canada.
Promote worker safety and their right and responsibility to refuse to perform unsafe
work.
Recommended by:
Canadian Petroleum Safety Council (PSC)
Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP)
Canadian Association of Oilwell Drilling Contractors (CAODC)
Petroleum Services Association of Canada (PSAC)
Small Explorers and Producers Association of Canada (SEPAC)
All PSC members will be listed at the beginning of the document indicating they
recommend and encourage the use of the IRP.
ii
2000/02
This document as well as future revisions and additions are available from:
The Petroleum Industry Training Service
#13, 2115 - 27 Ave. N.E.
Calgary, AB
T2E 7E4
(403) 250-9606
2000, 02
Page iii
2000/02
Document Title
Number
2000-04
Custodian
(organization)
Canadian Petroleum
Safety Council
Revision History
Rev No
Effective
Date
Description
Prepared by
(name)
Reviewed by
(name)
Signed:
Page iv
2000/02
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.0
4.0.1
4.0.2
4.0.3
4.0.4
4.0.5
4.0.5.1
4.0.5.2
4.0.5.3
4.0.5.4
4.0.5.5
4.0.5.6
4.0.5.7
4.0.5.8
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................. 1
FOREWARD.................................................................................................... 2
SCOPE ........................................................................................................... 3
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 4
IRP REVISIONS .............................................................................................. 4
REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 4
Alberta Heavy Oil and Oil Sands Practices Steering Committee ............. 4
American Petroleum Institute (API).......................................................... 5
American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)................................ 5
American Society Of Testing And Materials (ASTM)................................. 5
Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP)............................ 5
Canadian Petroleum Association (CPA) ................................................... 6
Canadian Standards Association (CSA).................................................... 6
Drilling And Completions Committee (DACC) Industry Recommended
Practices Volume II Completing And Servicing Sour Wells......... 6
4.0.5.9
Alberta Energy And Utilities Board (AEUB)............................................... 6
4.0.5.10
Government Of Alberta, Alberta Occupational Health And Safety
(AOH&S)....................................................................................... 7
4.0.5.11
Government of Canada ............................................................................ 7
4.0.5.12
National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)................................ 7
4.0.6 CONTENTS INDEX .......................................................................................... 7
4.0.7 DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................. 7
4.0.7.1
Adequate Lighting ................................................................................... 7
4.0.7.2
Bleed-off .................................................................................................. 7
4.0.7.3
Caution .................................................................................................... 8
4.0.7.4
Certified Pressurized Flowback Tank....................................................... 8
4.0.7.5
Closed System ......................................................................................... 8
4.0.7.6
Coiled Tubing Unit Operations (CTU) ....................................................... 8
4.0.7.7
Confined Space ....................................................................................... 8
4.0.7.8
Drilling Company ..................................................................................... 8
4.0.7.9
Drill Stem Test ......................................................................................... 8
4.0.7.10
Employer.................................................................................................. 9
4.0.7.11
Enclosed Environment ............................................................................. 9
4.0.7.12
ESD
..................................................................................................... 9
4.0.7.13
Flowback ................................................................................................. 9
4.0.7.14
High Vapor Pressure Hydrocarbons ......................................................... 9
4.0.7.15
Inline Test ................................................................................................ 9
4.0.7.16
Mud Can................................................................................................... 9
4.0.7.17
Non-certified Pressurized Storage tank or Vessel .................................. 10
4.0.7.18
Occupational Exposure Limits - Worker Safety Consideration............... 10
4.0.7.19
Open System.......................................................................................... 10
4.0.7.20
Other Flowbacks.................................................................................... 10
4.0.7.21
Owner ................................................................................................... 11
4.0.7.22
PPE
................................................................................................... 11
4.0.7.23
Positive Pressure ................................................................................... 11
4.0.7.24
Pressurized Truck Tank.......................................................................... 11
4.0.7.25
Purge ................................................................................................... 11
4.0.7.26
Qualified Well Testing Person ............................................................... 11
Page v
2000/02
Page vi
2000/02
Page vii
2000/02
Page viii
2000/02
Page ix
2000/02
Page x
2000/02
4.0
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Acknowledgments for participation on, or submissions to, the steering
committee preparing these revisions and updates and thank you to their
employers for providing the time to work on this project.
Lou Doiron, Central Production Testing Ltd.
Robert Knowles Angie Vogt, Norward Energy Services Ltd.
Jerry Penner, Computest Oilfield Services Inc.
Andy Saboe Tim Gibbs, Alpine Oil Services
Verleen Barry, Alberta Occupational Health and Safety
Dwaine Ferguson, Wabash Manufacturing Ltd.
Dave Meston - Dennis Saboe, AmGas Scrubbers Ltd.
Chris Jackson, AEC West Ltd.
Dave Krezanoski Len Barteaux, British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission
Barry Holland, Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia
Bob Ross, Saskatchewan Labour, Occupational Health & Safety Division
Larry Knight, Alberta Transport, Dangerous Goods Department
Russ Nelson, Shell Canada Limited
Doug Ashford, PanCanadian Petroleum Limited
Art Congdon, Petro Canada
Craig Popoff, Canadian Hunter Exploration Ltd.
Ron Rowbotham, Rolln Oilfield Services Ltd.
Don Pack Lonnie Campbell, Drive Well Servicing Ltd.
Gord Dunn, Alberta Energy and Utilities Board
Rick Meyers, Canadian Natural Resources Limited
Jim Peta, Anderson Exploration Ltd.
Craig Goodall, Talisman Energy Ltd.
Jack Thacker - Ron Chapman, Husky Oil Operations Limited
Rick Hanson - Bonus Resource Services Corp.
Lawrence Fobes - Summit Energy Services Inc.
Section 4.0
Page 1
2000/02
4.0.1
FOREWARD
In 1988 a Well Testing and Fluid Handling Subcommittee (WTFHSC)
consisting of representatives from CAODC, CAPP, PSAC, Alberta OH&S and
the Alberta ERCB was formed. Under the auspices of the Drilling and
Completion Committee (DACC), the WTFHSC mandate was to investigate and
develop minimum recommended practices respecting equipment, procedures
and workers for the safe testing of wells and handling of fluids. The
Recommended Practice (ARP) documents were developed during well testing
and fluids handling operations at wells in Alberta; and were fully supported by
the Alberta ERCB and Alberta OH&S.
In 1999, the scope and breath of recommended practices encompasses many
more issues, companies, associations and governments. The reference to
Alberta in the title of these practices is changed to Industry (IRP Industry
Recommended Practice) to better reflect the broader scope. Where industry
has grown to other regions of Western Canada, these IRPs continue to assist
companies in their daily operations,. These IRPs are intended to follow the
user to any site, anywhere in the world, as a minimum operating practice.
INDUSTRY RECOMMENDED PRACTICE VOLUME 4 Well Testing and
Fluid Handling consists of five (5) components;
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
The process of revisions and upgrades in this IRP was steered by the WELL
TESTING COMMITTEE of the PETROLEUM SERVICES ASSOCIATION of
CANADA (PSAC) under the auspices of DACC. Future revisions will be
prompted by the Canadian Petroleum Safety Council (PSC).
DACC, Drilling and Completions Committee is a standard industry committee
which oversees the development and revisions of industry standards. The
DACC Committee has representation from the Canadian Association of Oilwell
Drilling Contractors (CAODC), Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers
(CAPP), Alberta Energy Utilities Board (AEUB), Petroleum Services
Association of Canada (PSAC) and the Petroleum Safety Council (PSC)
representing other industry and government interests across Canada.
Section 4.0
Page 2
2000/02
4.0.2
SCOPE
The purpose of this series of Industry Recommended Practices (IRPs) is to
enhance safety during well testing and fluid handling operations of gas and oil
wells.
4.1 Drill Stem Testing contains recommended practices for DST operations
including: test planning, as well as pre-test, post-test, and sour testing
guidelines.
4.2 Well Testing details recommended practices for Well Testing operations,
including: equipment design and operation, worker requirements and
qualifications, purging and pressure testing, operational safety, and safety
equipment.
4.3 Other Flowbacks addresses recommended practices for service rig
operations involving the flowback of fluids from the well. Matters addressed
include: produced fluids, venting, well control, equipment, procedures, and
wellsite workers.
4.4 Loading, unloading and transportation of fluids provides recommended
procedures for the safe transfer of fluids from temporary and permanent
production facility tanks to trucks. The procedures emphasize sour fluids
and high vapour pressure hydrocarbon mixtures. The IRP also addresses
transportation.
4.5 This index helps the reader locate key words and phrases used in well
testing and fluid handling.
Section 4.0
Page 3
2000/02
4.0.3
INTRODUCTION
An integral part of the exploration and development of oil and gas resources is
reservoir evaluation.
Evaluation methods with the greatest inherent
environmental and safety concerns are those which remove reservoir fluids by
means of drill stem testing, well testing or any other methods of flowback.
The avoidance of developing a combustible hydrocarbon gas/air mixture, and
the safe handling of highly volatile reservoir or stimulation fluids, and/or
corrosive or toxic fluids are of concern when evaluating a well.
The environmental, safety and health risks associated with well testing and
fluid handling can be minimized by properly trained workers implementing
prudent procedures and using properly designed equipment.
4.0.4
IRP REVISIONS
The current editions of reference specifications, standards and recommended
practices were used when the Well Testing and Fluid Handling IRPs were
published. Revisions in these documents may result in a need to periodically
revise the IRPs. In addition, periodic updating of the IRPs will be necessary
as new equipment and procedures are developed. Revisions can be
recommended to the Drilling and Completions Committee (DACC) through the
Canadian Petroleum Safety Council (PSC). A regular timed review every 5
years is recommended by the PSAC Well Testing Committee with provision for
a review at anytime should industry or technology change in a significant
manner that would necessitate a revision to these IRP's.
4.0.5
REFERENCES
4.0.5.1
Section 4.0
Page 4
2000/02
4.0.5.2
4.0.5.3
4.0.5.4
4.0.5.5
Section 4.0
Page 5
2000/02
4.0.5.6
4.0.5.7
4.0.5.8
4.0.5.9
Section 4.0
Page 6
2000/02
4.0.5.11
Government of Canada
Transportation of Dangerous Good Act and Regulations
WHMIS
National Safety Code
4.0.5.12
4.0.6
CONTENTS INDEX
4.0.7
DEFINITIONS
4.0.7.1
Adequate Lighting
Adequate lighting exists when the site is illuminated sufficiently to ensure that
the worker is able to perform routine duties safely. The visibility must be such
that the worker will be able to exit the worksite to a secure area in the event of
an emergency. Flashlights, rig lights, and vehicle lights can be considered as
emergency back-up lighting.
References/Links
Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia
Saskatchewan Dept of Labour, Occupational Health and Safety
Note:
Note:
4.0.7.2
Bleed-off
Where pressure is present on the well and requires depressuring before work
can commence.
Section 4.0
Page 7
2000/02
4.0.7.3
Caution
Caution must be exercised on wells known to contain lower levels of H2S
and/or have harmful or toxic substances, and/or have severe abrasives (e.g.
frac sand) and/or have other unusual hazards. The term "Caution" does not
categorize a well outside of Sweet or Sour.
It is intended to alert Owners, employers and workers to dangers that may
exceed those of routine Sweet Wells and wells with minimal H2S concentration
where prescriptive equipment requirements are not provided.
4.0.7.4
4.0.7.5
Closed System
A closed system refers to a handling system in which fluids are scrubbed, gas
is flared at a stack or vented to atmosphere through an H2S scrubber, in a
controlled manner, and fluids are contained.
4.0.7.6
4.0.7.7
Confined Space
-
4.0.7.8
Drilling Company
An individual or company that enters into a contract with an owner of a wellsite
to drill for oil and gas.
4.0.7.9
Section 4.0
Page 8
2000/02
Enclosed Environment
A building or structure with limited or restricted means for entry/exit and
minimal ventilation that will not allow rapid movement of hazardous vapors.
4.0.7.12
ESD
Acronym for Emergency Shutdown system (valve). It is a pneumatically
operated, high-pressure valve installed on the wellhead with remote shutdowns.
Its purpose is to provide a means to remotely shut in the well in an emergency.
In Alberta, an ESD is required on wells to be flowed having a surface pressure
greater than 1379 kPa and an H2S content greater than 1%.
4.0.7.13
Flowback
Where pressure on a well is bled off and the well continues to flow, and is
allowed to flow to establish a rate of gas and fluid from the well.
4.0.7.14
Note:
4.0.7.15
Inline Test
An inline test is "closed" when all well effluents measured at the test separator
are diverted to the pipeline.
4.0.7.16
Mud Can
A device used to contain fluids and direct them away from the drill pipe when
breaking connections.
Section 4.0
Page 9
2000/02
4.0.7.17
Caution:
4.0.7.18
4.0.7.19
Open System
An open system refers to a handling system, such as a rig tank, in which any
gas vapors produced from fluids are vented to atmosphere in an uncontrolled
manner. This type of system requires constant monitoring to ensure transient
vapors/gas are maintained below 20% of LEL and 10ppm H2S.
4.0.7.20
Other Flowbacks
Other flowbacks refers to operations, other than production testing and drill
stem testing, in which gas and/or fluids are flowed or induced to flow from the
wellbore. This includes well killing operations and the recovery of well
stimulation fluids and solids by flowing, pumping, swabbing or by the
circulation of fluids with coiled tubing. Refer to IRPs 4.1, Drill Stem Testing
and IRP 4.2, Well Testing for information specific to testing.
Section 4.0
Page 10
2000/02
4.0.7.21
Owner
A person, partnership, company or group of persons who, under contract and
agreement of ownership, direct the activities of one or more employers involved
at a worksite.
4.0.7.22
PPE
Acronym for personal protective equipment. It is equipment designed and used
to protect workers.
4.0.7.23
Positive Pressure
Positive pressure refers to a pressure greater than 0 kPa gauge.
4.0.7.24
4.0.7.25
Purge
Where a vessel, container or piping system is evacuated of its gas and/or fluid
contents and replaced with another gas and/or fluid. The general purpose of
purging is to remove explosive and/or flammable fluids and gases from a closed
piping system prior to opening the system to atmosphere or prior to entry of
the system by workers. The practice of purging usually entails replacing the
explosive/flammable contents with a product that is non-explosive/flammable or
to create an atmosphere with an acceptable LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) and
UEL. (Upper Explosive Limit) for workers. Purging is also used to aid the
removal hazardous gases and fluids from vessels and piping systems prior to
shipment of equipment or transportation of fluids.
4.0.7.26
Section 4.0
Page 11
2000/02
4.0.7.27
SABA - SCBA
SABA: acronym for Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus. It consists of a small
air cylinder (less than 5 minutes of breathing air) and air mask intended to be
carried on the hip of a worker with the ability to connect, by hose, to numerous
larger air cylinders. This type of configuration is used for extended work periods
where a worker is in an H2S environment.
SCBA: acronym for Self-contained Breathing Apparatus It consists of an air
cylinder and mask intended to be carried on the back of the worker and has (+)
(-) 30 minutes of breathing air contained in the cylinder. This device is used for
short work periods where a worker is in an H2S environment.
4.0.7.28
4.0.7.29
4.0.7.30
Service Company
Means a person, corporation or association who is contracted to supply, sell,
offer or expose for sale, lease, distribute or install a product or service to
another company, usually the owner of the worksite.
4.0.7.31
SITHP
Acronym for Shut In Tubing Head Pressure. It is the pressure at surface on the
tubing in the well.
4.0.7.32
Stimulations
Stimulations are operations designed to improve well production capability or,
in the case of injection or disposal wells, to improve the ability of a well to
accept fluid. These operations may include the use of hydrocarbon and water
based fracturing fluids, acids, various chemicals and proppants.
4.0.7.33
Swabbing
Swabbing is an operation conducted to reduce the hydrostatic pressure in the
wellbore to initiate flow from a formation. Swabbing operations utilize a
lubricator.
Section 4.0
Page 12
2000/02
4.0.7.34
Swivel Joint
A series of short steel pipe sections that are joined by swivel couplings. The
unit functions as a flexible flow line that provides a flow path between the
control head and the floor manifold.
4.0.7.35
Test Line
A flow line from the drill stem tester's floor manifold to move fluid and/or gas to
flare or storage.
4.0.7.36
Test Plug
A valve attached to the top of each stand of pipe being pulled from the hole to
prevent flow up the drill pipe while tripping.
4.0.7.37
4.0.7.38
Well Testing
Well Testing is an operation where a company supplies equipment and the
continuous presence of qualified test workers for the purpose of measurement
through production equipment. Such operations include, but are not limited to:
Flowing a well to production equipment or tank.
Flow measurement with chokes, flow provers or other meters.
Initiating flow by swabbing, coiled tubing or any such artificial lift method.
Flowing a well while drilling operations are in progress, known as
Underbalanced Drilling.
References/Links
IRP 4.2 Well Testing and Fluid Handling
IRP 6.0 Underbalanced Drilling (under development 1999)
Alberta Energy and Utilities Board Interim Directive 94-3
4.0.7.39
Worker
Means a person who is engaged in an occupation in the service of an
employer.
4.0.7.40
Underbalanced Drilling
Entails allowing a well to flow oil, gas and formation fluids to surface as it is
being drilled as opposed to conventional or overbalanced drilling where one of
the prime considerations is in preventing hydrocarbons from flowing during the
drilling process.
References/Links
IRP 6.0 Underbalanced Drilling for Critical Sour Wells
Alberta Energy and Utilities Board Interim Directive ID94-3
Section 4.0
Page 13
2000/02
4.0.8
4.0.8.1
IRP
IRP
Section 4.0
When well testing wells where the H2S concentration is greater than
100 ppm, the Owner must provide supplied air breathing apparatus
(SABAs) in addition to the self-contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA). As a minimum this package must contain an adequate air
supply system complete with air cylinders, manifold, work lines and
egress packs (SABAs) and a minimum of two (2) back packs
(SCBAs).
Page 14
2000/02
Note:
Note:
IRP
IRP
Where the Owner does not have a site representative, the Owner shall
ensure a gas detection meter is available to the site workers.
IRP
IRP
Section 4.0
Page 15
2000/02
IRP
The Owners representative is responsible for conducting an on-site prejob equipment inspection to ensure the equipment is operational and
as ordered.
IRP
IRP
Section 4.0
Emergency contacts
Test objectives
by
all
The Owner shall ensure that the owners representative on site is able to
provide competent and effective supervision of the operations being
carried out. The Owners representative shall have the following:
-
Page 16
2000/02
WHMIS training
4.0.8.2
IRP
The Drilling Service Company shall ensure that all required rig workers
are available during operation the workers are physically capable and
have been properly trained to carry out their designated
responsibilities. The Drilling Service Company shall ensure that the
equipment and facilities it is contracted to supply are available during
operation and it is designed for the parameters of the project. Pressure
test certification, material inspections, and sour service specifications
shall be made available when requested.
4.0.8.3
IRP
The Drill Stem Testing Company shall ensure that the workers it
provides are available during the drill stem test,
the
workers
are
physically capable and have been properly trained to carry out their
designated responsibilities during the drill stem test at the worksite. The
Drill Stem Testing Company shall ensure that the equipment and
facilities it is contracted to supply are available during the drill stem
test, are in good working order and is designed for the parameters of
the project. Pressure test certification, material inspections, and sour
service specifications shall be made available when requested.
4.0.8.4
IRP
The Safety Service Company shall ensure that the workers it provides
are available during operations, the workers are physically capable
and have been properly trained to carry out their designated
responsibilities. The Safety Service Company shall ensure that the
equipment it is contracted to supply is available during the operation, is
in good working order and is designed for the parameters of the
project. The Safety Service Company must ensure proper equipment for
respiratory protection, H2S gas detection, breathing-air supply,
determining explosive limits, and neutralising chemicals is in sufficient
quantities at the worksite. Consideration should be given to providing
an LEL meter. The Safety Service Company must provide training of all
workers on the worksite in the specific use of this equipment.
Section 4.0
Page 17
2000/02
4.0.8.5
IRP
The Well Testing Company shall ensure their employees are physically
capable to carry out their designated responsibilities during the
operation. Well Testing personnel must carry certificates of training
with them. The Well Testing Company shall ensure the equipment and
facilities it is contracted to supply are designed and suited for the
application. Pressure test certification, material inspections, and sour
service specifications shall be made available when requested.
4.0.8.6
IRP
4.0.8.7
4.0.8.7.1
Sweet Well
10 ppm Hydrogen Sulphide Content or less: Designated as SWEET
A well with a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content of 0.01 moles / kilomole (10 ppm)
or less relative to worker safety is designated as SWEET. The hazards of
Sweet Gas to the worker, from exposure or inhalation, are less than those
imposed by sour gas and therefore require a minimum of two (2) Self Contained
Breathing Apparatus (SCBAs) on all wells to aid in protecting the worker.
Other requirements are detailed throughout these IRPs. Material
Section 4.0
Page 18
2000/02
Sour Well
More than 10 ppm Hydrogen Sulphide Content: Designated as SOUR
Any well with a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration greater than 0.01 moles/
kilomole (10ppm) relative to worker safety is designated as SOUR. Sour Gas
hazards relative to worker safety requires specific equipment to protect the
worker. Prescriptive guidelines for the quantity and use of breathing equipment
to protect the worker are outlined in this IRP and other Provincial regulations.
Additionally, gas, containing H2S, is more corrosive to metals and thus,
requires precautions when selecting equipment to perform
well testing operations. Section 4.2.4 of this IRP provides guidelines relating to
equipment selection for use in H2S environments.
References/Links
IRP 4.2
Provincial Occupation Health and Safety Acts
Alberta Chemical Hazards Regulation Sections 2 & 9
NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION
ASME B31.3
4.0.8.7.3
4.0.8.8
Section 4.0
Page 19
2000/02
4.0.8.9
IRP
IRP
Where the Owner does not have a site representative, the Owner shall
ensure a gas detection meter is available to the site workers.
IRP
One person per shift must be trained and competent in the use of gas
detection meters where gas vapors will be vented to atmosphere.
IRP
No worker shall enter the 50 meter safety zone around an open tank
system where gas vapors have been vented to atmosphere until cleared
to do so by the Owners site representative or the worker who is
responsible for monitoring the area with a gas detection meter.
Note:
Refer to Section 4.3, Other Flowbacks, for more detail on the requirement of
gas detection and flowing wells to open tank systems.
Introduction:
Gas detectors have become an everyday part of equipment requirements on an oil and gas
site. There must be accurate methods of detecting the absence or presence of various
gases, so the workplace can be maintained safe and productive.
Explosive or Flammability Limits:
The term limits of flammability, or explosive limits, refers to the percentage by volume of a
fuel in a fuel/air mixture which will burn. The flammable range spreads between the lower
flammable limit and the upper flammable limit. Fuel /air mixtures outside the flammable
range will not burn or explode.
Flammable limits for some common flammable gases and vapors are listed below.
Explosive limits
(% by vol. in air)
LEL
Ammonia
Butane
Carbon monoxide
Ethane
Hydrogen Sulphide
Ethyl Alcohol
Methane
Propane
Toluene
Section 4.0
15.0
1.8
12.5
3.0
4.0
3.3
5.0
2.2
1.3
28.0
9.0
74.0
12.5
45.0
19.0
15.0
10.0
7.0
UEL
Flash
point
degrees
Celsius
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
+13
Gas
Gas
+4
Vapor
Density
Air = 1.0
0.58
2.0
0.97
1.0
1.19
1.59
0.55
1.5
3.14
Ignition
Temp.
degrees
Celsius
630
410
570
472
260
365
538
450
535
Page 20
2000/02
Section 4.0
Page 21
2000/02
Hydrogen sulphide mixed with methane in a process stream may follow the same
migration patterns as methane during a gas leak
When testing gas for LEL remember that the H2S concentration is important
relative to the safety of the worker conducting the LEL test. The LEL of
hydrogen sulphide is 4% gas by volume, which equates to 40,000 parts per
million H2S. This exceeds the exposure limit for people working in H2S
environments; 10ppm for 8 hours. At 40,000 ppm H2S, a worker would be
immediately overcome while testing for LEL
Section 4.0
Page 22
2000/02
IRP
Note:
Monitoring for explosive mixtures with a suitable device is the only practical
method of determining safe operating conditions. Judging conditions based on
sight, smell, wind directions, etc., may be very deceiving in that explosive
mixture levels can change rapidly during a flow back situation. Portable
monitoring devices are available that give direct readout of combustible gas
explosive limits. A fixed sensor could be located in an enclosed rig pump
house.
4.0.8.11
IRP
Note:
4.0.8.12
Section 4.0
Page 23
2000/02
Ice buildup may occur on the inside of pipe when left idle, after
flowing, due to condensation residue left on the inside walls of piping
systems. This is not a hydrate although it could lead to the formation of
a hydrate by the introduction of a hydrate crystal to the flow stream.
IRP
Section 4.0
2000/02
IRP
IRP
During the pressure testing procedure and start up, all non-essential
workers must vacate the surrounding area of the testing equipment,
flowlines and wellhead.
4.0.8.13
The standard is ANSI/ASME B31.3, "Chemical Plant & Petroleum Refinery Piping".
From Section 304.12 (3b) :
P=2SE t / D
Where:
P is a maximum allowable working pressure, in psi,
S is the basic allowable stress, in psi, for a given material, as defined in ANSI / ASME
B31.3 Table A-1,
Note:
for the common piping materials A 53 Gr. B, A106 Gr. B, A 333 Gr. 6, A 334 Gr.
6, and API 5L Gr. B, the allowable stress below 204 Celsius (400 Farenheit) is
20,000 psi
E is the basic quality factor for longitudinal welds, as defined in ANSI / ASME B31.3
Table A 1B,
Note:
for seamless pipe, forgings and fittings E = 1.00, and for electric resistance
welded pipe, E = 0.850
Section 4.0
Page 25
2000/02
Section 4.0
Page 26
2000/02
4.0.8.13.1
Pipe Size
Inches
Actual O.D.
Inches
Pipe
Schedule
Nominal
Wall
Inches
Nominal
I.D.
Inches
Welded
Carbon
Steel
NPT Threaded
Carbon Steel
1/2
.840
40 (STD)
80 (XH)
160
XXH
.109
.147
.187
.294
.622
.546
.466
.252
1000
2700
4550
9850
3/4
1.050
40 (STD)
80 (XH)
160
XXH
.113
.154
.219
.308
.824
.742
.612
.434
900
2350
4850
8400(5000*)
1.315
40 (STD)
80 (XH)
160
XXH
.133
.079
.250
.358
1.049
.957
.815
.599
1300
2600
4800
8250(5000*)
Welded
4130 HRC
18-22 Max.
Section 4.0
Page 27
2000/02
Pipe Size
Inches
Actual O.D.
Inches
Pipe
Schedule
Nominal
Wall
Inches
Nominal
I.D.
Inches
Welded
Carbon
Steel
NPT Threaded
Carbon Steel
Welded
4130 HRC
18-22 Max.
1 1/2
1.900
40 (STD)
80 (XH)
160
XXH
.145
.200
.281
.400
1.610
1.500
1.338
1.100
2.375
40 (STD)
80 (XH)
160
XXH
.154
.218
.344
.436
2.067
1.939
1.689
1.530
2400
3450
5650
7400
1000
2500
4100
5750(5000*)
3400
4900
8000
10450
2 1/2
2.875
40 (STD)
80 (XH)
160
XXH
XXXH
.203
.276
.375
.552
.750
2.469
2.323
2.125
1.771
1.375
2600
3600
5000
7750
10900
1000
1950
3250(3000*)
5800(3000*)
8800(3000*)
3700
5100
7100
11000
15400
1100
2200
3850
6500(5000*)
Section 4.0
Page 28
2000/02
Pipe Size
Inches
Actual O.D.
Inches
Pipe
Schedule
Nominal
Wall
Inches
Nominal
I.D.
Inches
Welded
Carbon
Steel
NPT Threaded
Carbon Steel
Welded
4130 HRC
18-22 Max.
3.500
40 (STD)
--80 (XH)
--160
XXH
-----
.216
.254
.300
.375
.438
.600
.750
1.000
3.068
2.992
2.900
2.750
2.624
2.300
2.000
1.500
2250
2800
3200
4050
4800
6850
8750
12000
950
1350
1850
2650
3350(3000*)
5300(3000*)
7100(3000*)
10250(3000*)
3200
3800
4500
5750
6800
9700
12400
17000
3 1/2
4.000
40 (STD)
80 (XH)
--XXH
-------
.226
.318
.500
.636
.750
1.000
1.250
3.548
3.364
3.000
2.728
2.500
2.000
1.500
2050
2950
4800
6250
7550
10400
13200
900
1750
3500(3000*)
4900(3000*)
6150(3000*)
8900(3000*)
11650(3000*)
2900
4200
6800
8850
10700
14700
18700
Section 4.0
Page 29
2000/02
Pipe Size
Inches
Actual O.D.
Inches
Pipe
Schedule
Nominal
Wall
Inches
Nominal
I.D.
Inches
Welded
Carbon
Steel
NPT Threaded
Carbon Steel
Welded
4130 HRC
18-22 Max.
4.500
40 (STD)
----80 (XH)
--120
--160
XXH
---------
.237
.250
.312
.337
.364
.438
.500
.531
.674
.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
4.026
4.000
3.875
3.826
3.772
3.624
3.500
3.458
3.152
3.000
2.500
2.000
1.500
1900
2000
2550
2750
3000
3650
4200
4500
5850
6600
9100
11650
14100
900
1000
1500
1700
1950
2550
3100(3000*)
3400(3000*)
4700(3000*)
5400(3000*)
7850(3000*)
10300(3000*)
12700(3000*)
2700
2850
3600
3900
4250
5200
6000
6400
8300
9350
12900
16500
19950
4 1/2
5.000
40 (STD)
--80 (XH)
----XXH
---------
.247
.250
.355
.375
.500
.710
.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
4.506
4.500
4.290
4.250
4.000
3.580
3.500
3.000
2.500
2.000
1800
1800
2600
2750
3750
5500
5850
8100
10400
12650
900
900
1650
1800
2800
4450(3000*)
4800(3000*)
6700(3000*)
9200(3000*)
11400(3000*)
2550
2550
3700
3900
5350
7800
8300
11500
14700
17900
Section 4.0
Page 30
2000/02
Pipe Size
Inches
Actual O.D.
Inches
Pipe
Schedule
Nominal
Wall
Inches
Nominal
I.D.
Inches
Welded
Carbon
Steel
NPT Threaded
Carbon Steel
Welded
4130 HRC
18-22 Max.
5.563
40 (STD)
80 (XH)
120
160
XXH
---
.258
.375
.500
.625
.750
1.000
5.047
4.813
4.563
4.313
4.063
3.563
1700
2500
3350
4250
5200
7200
850
1650
2500
3350(3000*)
4300(3000*)
6200(3000*)
2400
3500
4750
6050
7400
11900
6.625
--40 (STD)
----80 (XH)
--120
160
XXH
-------
.250
.280
.312
.375
.432
.500
.562
.718
.864
1.000
1.125
1.250
6.125
6.065
6.001
5.875
5.761
5.625
5.501
5.189
4.897
4.625
4.375
4.125
1350
1500
1700
2050
2400
2800
3150
4100
5000
5900
6800
7600
700
850
1000
1350
1700
2050
2450
3350(3000*)
4250(3000*)
5100(3000*)
5950(3000*)
6750(3000*)
1900
2150
2400
2900
3400
3950
4450
5800
7100
8350
9600
10800
Section 4.0
Page 31
2000/02
Scope of work
Procedures to be followed
Note:
IRP
4.0.8.15
IRP
Minimum safe standards for hard hats, footwear, eyewear and ear
protection should be determined by the Well Testing Company.
The following standards are appropriate:
Section 4.0
Page 32
2000/02
4.0.8.16
IRP
Section 4.0
ABC, 9 kg
Heated Unit and flare stack or line heater, pressure tank and
2000/02
Safety Stairs (or equivalent devices that would allow a rescue at the
top of a tank other than by ladder access) are required whenever
breathing apparatus is required at the top of a tank
Note:
These points are by no means all of the General Safety Standards that should
be followed. The points are listed as having special relevance to well testing.
Provided that it does not contradict the Well Owners policy, well testing
companies may use a fixed period to certify newer employees while on the
job, provided that such persons are adequately protected by other certified
workers on location.
Note:
A pre-job safety meeting must be held involving all workers who will be
on location during operations. The meeting should be recorded and
the agenda should include the following:
-
Emergency contacts.
Note:
4.0.8.18
Section 4.0
Page 34
2000/02
Gas Flares
IRP
Note:
Section 4.0
Page 35
2000/02
4.0.8.20
Note:
IRP
IRP
IRP
All gas must be vented in an upward motion directly from the wellhead
or through a riser. In all cases, vented gas must be directed upward and
away from any workers in the area or workers who may enter the area.
IRP
4.0.8.21
Flare Pits
IRP
4.0.8.22
H2S Scrubbers
IRP
Where ammonia type scrubbers are used, the scrubber must be sized
such that the concentrations and volume of H2S vapor present are
adequately handled. The frequency of ammonia change-out is
dependent on the H2S concentration and gas volume flowing through
the scrubbing system. Fluid pH and liquid level must be maintained at
all times. It is recommended that ammonia be changed out if the pH
drops below 10.5.
Section 4.0
Page 36
2000/02
4.0.8.23
Produced Fluids
4.0.8.23.1
General Fluids
IRP
Where fluid is produced, steps must be taken to ensure the safety of site
workers from vapors allowed to escape to atmosphere from the fluid.
4.0.8.23.2
IRP
4.0.8.23.3
Oils
IRP
Note:
4.0.8.23.4
Gas
IRP
4.0.8.23.5
Water
IRP
Section 4.0
Page 37
2000/02
4.0.8.23.6
IRP
Note:
4.0.8.24
Tanks
4.0.8.24.1
Rig Tanks
IRP
IRP
IRP
Note:
IRP 1.3 Mud Gas Separators, provides an overview of degasser design factors
including vent line sizing.
Note:
4.0.8.24.2
IRP
Atmospheric tanks are predominantly used for storage of fluids and are
not considered capable of containing pressure. Most atmospheric tanks
are designed with 7 kPa (16oz) hatches and the roof is typically
designed to shear at 14 kPa (2 psi).
Section 4.0
Page 38
2000/02
4.0.8.24.3
IRP
Pressurized tanks used for flow back or storage of fluids produced from
a sour well must be manufactured under a quality program to ensure
conformance with design specifications utilizing materials meeting the
requirements of NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION.
4.0.8.24.4
IRP
4.0.8.24.5
Other Tanks
IRP
Owners must have regard for the volume of the various fluids to be
utilized and where possible, provide sufficient tank storage to provide
for a suitable retention time or provide for other measures such as
heating or agitation to allow for separation of entrained gas, prior to
transportation.
IRP
IRP
Note:
Section 4.0
Page 39
2000/02
Location of Tanks
IRP
Rig and/or other tanks should not be placed in proximity to the lease
road exit.
Note:
If it is necessary to locate tanks next to the lease road exit, for example on
small leases or remote locations, to comply with other spacing requirements,
ensure adequate transportation for workers is available in the event of an
emergency. This transportation should be off the lease when no other means of
egress are available.
4.0.8.25.1
IRP
Where gas vapours are anticipated, the rig tank(s) must be 50 meters
from the wellhead and any open flame.
4.0.8.25.2
IRP
4.0.8.25.3
IRP
4.0.8.25.4
IRP
Section 4.0
Page 40
2000/02
4.0.8.26
4.0.8.26.1
General
IRP
Note:
static electricity
4.0.8.26.2
IRP
air pulled into production tanks through open or leaking hatches when a
vacuum condition exists. The vacuum can be caused by fluid withdrawal,
and by excessive venturi action at flare stacks when tanks are vented to
flare.
Section 4.0
Page 41
2000/02
The Logic Chart does not address tank vacuum created by excessive liquid
withdrawal. That should be prevented by a combination of increasing the
blanket gas (or other make-up source), and reducing the withdrawal rate.
4.0.8.26.3
IRP
Note:
4.0.8.26.4
IRP
4.0.8.26.5
IRP
IRP
Section 4.0
Production tanks must have hatch seals and pre-set pressure thief
hatches
Where production tanks are vented to flare, the configuration must be:
-
A flame arrestor exists between the block valve and the flare stack
(minimum Underwriters Laboratories approved)
Page 42
2000/02
Note:
If a gas boot precedes the production tank(s), it must be vented to flare. The
vent line should be minimum of 76.2 mm (3.0). A block valve at the gas exit is
required for the purging process, but, if the gas boot does not have a pressure
relief device, this valve must be locked open or removed during flow. Owners
and Well Testing Companies must recognize that flame arrestors do not
guarantee the prevention of flash-backs, and therefore the elimination of initial
air and subsequent air entrainment is required. A gas boot is meant to strip
solution gas at very low pressures. A flame arrestor should be considered in
the gas boot line if a positive liquid seal cannot be maintained.
4.0.8.26.6
IRP
Note:
Liquid-volume-to-vapor or mass-to-vapor conversions are allowed if the liquidvolume or mass vaporized is measured accurately, and if it is ensured that all
of the liquid is vaporized. Numerous measurement devices are available.
4.0.8.26.7
Purge Amounts
IRP
Note:
4.0.8.26.8
IRP
The well should be flowed slowly to the separator unit, then to the
flareline, then to downstream vessels/tanks. Downstream vessels/ tanks
must be isolated and purged one at a time.
Note:
Production tanks that will not be vented to flare do not required purging.
4.0.8.26.9
Purging Sequence
IRP
Section 4.0
Page 43
2000/02
The flowline would be purged from the wellhead to the separator unit, if the
vapor was introduced at the wellhead. It is also acceptable to use the
separator as a point of origin for the purge vapor. In that case, the flowline
would be purged back to the wellhead (with the line disconnected at the
wellhead).
4.0.8.27
IRP
Section 4.0
Page 44
2000/02
Note:
Section 4.0
Page 45
2000/02
4.1
4.1.1
Scope
Normal drilling procedures control formation pressures and fluids through the
use of a hydrostatic head. Drill stem testing brings these formation pressures
and fluids to the surface, thereby presenting a unique set of conditions since
pressure control is then maintained by mechanical systems. Safe work
guidelines, such as those set out in this IRP, minimize the probability of either
the mechanical or human systems failing during a test, as well as establishing
minimum health and operating standards. This IRP is intended to supplement
existing standards and regulations rather than replace them, and is directed
mostly towards drill stem tests that are to be run on onshore wells.
4.1.2
4.1.2.1
IRP
Owners shall provide a plan for all drill stem tests. This plan shall
include at least: the zones to be tested, the depths of tests, the method
of testing, the type of equipment to be used, the duration of the test,
and a reference to an emergency response plan, where applicable.
The emergency response plan shall be discussed with all employers
and workers involved with the drill stem test.
4.1.2.2
IRP
4.1.2.3
Qualifications
IRP
Section 4.1
Page 46
2000/02
TABLE 4.1
PITS
BOP
SECOND
LINE
THE WORKER
PITS
BOP
FIRST
LINE
H2S
COURSE
(*1)
FIRST
AID
(*2)
WHMIS
(*3)
TDG
(*4)
EXPERIENCE
IN
OVERALL
OPERATIONS
OWNERS REP.
RIG MANAGER
DRILLER
TESTER
SAFETY
SUPERVISOR
1*
2*
3*
4*
**X
**X
**X
** The lead Driller, Tester and Safety Supervisor should have a good understanding of the
overall operation.
4.1.3
4.1.3.1
IRP
4.1.3.2
Pre-Test Inspection
IRP
Section 4.1
Safety equipment
Drill stem test tools including test head and floor manifold
Page 47
2000/02
Swivel joints and flow lines upstream of the choke manifold shall be
subjected, prior to the drill stem test, to a pressure test. The lines shall
be visually inspected for leaks at both low pressures and high
pressures. The high pressure test shall be to the maximum anticipated
surface pressure. Lines downstream of the manifold should be secured
to restrict them from movement.
Reference: Safety Checklist - see Appendix 1
4.1.3.3
Pre-test Training
IRP
4.1.4
4.1.4.1
IRP
IRP
When testing sour wells a certified pressurized tank and flare stack
should be used to ensure efficient separation and burn of all gases. A
flare permit from the local authority may be required.
Cautions:
A pump-out-sub or downhole circulating device should be run in the test string
to reverse.
Reverse circulation requires proper disposal of the contents of the drill string.
Pump to a tank truck or a vacuum truck.
Ensure that all lines are secured so as to restrict their movement, engines are
off, and the receiving vessel is properly grounded and vented.
Refer to IRP 4.1.6.2 if the recovery is sour.
See IRP 4.2 Well Testing and IRP 4.3 Other Flowbacks for other
information.
Section 4.1
Page 48
2000/02
IRP
Drill stem tests may be conducted during darkness until liquid recovery
is encountered, if IRP 4.1.6 is followed and there is adequate lighting.
At this point the recovery must be reverse circulated. If reverse
circulation is not possible, pulling drill pipe shall not be continued until
daylight.
Note:
Extra care must be taken once the pump-out-sub has reached the rig floor
since hydrocarbons may be present below the pump-out sub.
4.1.4.3
IRP
The fluid level in the annulus shall be monitored at all times. Should
the packer seat fail and the level of fluid in the annulus drop, a method
for filling the hole shall be in place at all times.
Note:
A drop in the fluid level would reduce hydrostatic pressure and could allow
zones above the packers to kick. Such a loss could be caused by a packer
seat failure or fluid loss to an upper formation.
4.1.4.4
IRP
All workers shall be fully aware of their responsibilities during the test
including what to do in an emergency.
IRP
Clear all non-essential workers from the rig floor during the drill stem
test.
4.1.4.5
Test Line
IRP
A separate drill stem test line shall be rigged up to the floor manifold
and run to the flare pit or other area to dispose of or to store the fluid.
The flare line must be adequately secured and the igniter lit prior to the
start of the test, if applicable. Do not use the BOP blowdown line as the
test line. When testing sour wells a certified pressurized tank and flare
stack should be used to ensure efficient separation and burn of all
gases.
Section 4.1
Page 49
2000/02
4.1.4.6
Floor Manifold
IRP
The line of flow shall be directed through a floor manifold to allow for
control and measurement of flow. The manifold shall have a pressure
rating which exceeds that of the maximum anticipated surface pressure
to be encountered. A floor manifold may also be referred to as a
choke manifold on the rig floor. The floor manifold must be secured so
as to restrict it from movement in the event of a break in the piping
system.
4.1.4.7
IRP
All swivel joints and flexible pipe shall be secured with a safety cable.
The integrity of flexible piping should be ensured through pressure
testing.
4.1.4.8
Fire Prevention
IRP
4.1.4.9
Pipe Tally
IRP
A pipe tally shall be taken while pulling out of the hole for the drill stem
test and a tally shall be taken while running the test to depth. This tally
shall be reviewed and checked by the wellsite owner before starting
the test.
4.1.4.10
Flow Checks
IRP
After completion of the drill stem test, flow checks should be done prior
to starting the test string out of the hole and should be done at
appropriate intervals while pulling out of the hole. A flowcheck is when
the pulling of pipe is stopped and a waiting period is used to see if
there is any inflow into the annulus. Ensure the test string is pulled
slowly to avoid a swabbing effect. Follow rigorous hole filling
procedures. Appropriate intervals for flow checks are:
Section 4.1
Page 50
2000/02
4.1.5.1
Safety Guidelines
IRP
The safety of the worker and equipment takes precedence over any test
information to be collected. Prior to starting a sour drill stem test, it is
essential that all workers on the lease understand the dangers of H2S.
They should be fully informed of and trained in appropriate safety
procedures, including the use of safety equipment and breathing
apparatus.
IRP
Caution:
Hydrogen sulphide gas is colourless, heavier than air, and is extremely toxic.
It is explosive when mixed with air in the range of 4.0% to 45%, and it is
soluble in fluids. The principal danger to the worker is poisoning by inhalation.
Tubulars and metals in an H2S environment can be very susceptible to
hydrogen embrittlement and sulphide stress cracking.
4.1.5.2
IRP
A drill stem test that may encounter H2S shall have sour service surface
equipment meeting the requirements of NACE MR 01-75 latest edition,
"Sulphide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield
Equipment". A certified pressurized tank and flare stack for efficient
separation and handling of sour gas or fluids must be used.
Note:
Other factors.
Section 4.1
Page 51
2000/02
IRP
IRP
Use a filming amine inhibitor to protect the interior of the test string
when running a sour drill stem test. If no water cushion is used, the
inhibitor should be dumped down the test string. If a water cushion is
used, mix the inhibitor with the cushion, and also put inhibitor on top of
the cushion. Both water soluble and oil soluble inhibitors are available
from safety service companies.
4.1.5.4
IRP
Drill stem tests that produce sour fluids to surface shall be shut-in
immediately unless equipment used in the hole and at surface is
adequate for the conditions.
Note:
A closed chamber drill stem test will prevent fluid flow at surface during a sour
test. IRP 4.2 Well Testing, provides additional recommendations about
handling sour fluids using surface well testing equipment.
4.1.5.5
IRP
All sour gas shall be flared. Install a constant pilot light or ignition
device in the flare stack to ensure combustion of all gas sent to the flare
stack. Refer to Provincial Regulations regarding flaring.
IRP
4.1.5.6
IRP
When pulling drill stem test tools out of the hole, use a mixture of aquaammonia and water to neutralize any H2S in vapour phase. Use
caution when putting the mixture down the test string. A small amount
of fluid may unload due to displacement from the ammonia. Ammonia
is available from safety service companies.
Section 4.1
Page 52
2000/02
Drilling Company___________________
Inspected By ___________________
A.
INADEQ
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
SIGNS
01
02
03
04
05
B.
ADEQ
No Smoking
Designated Smoking Area
No Vehicles or Unauthorised Persons
Danger High Pressure
H2S (if required)
PERSONAL SAFETY
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Section 4.1
Page 53
2000/02
ADEQ
C.
INADEQ
GENERAL
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
COMMENTS / EXPLANATIONS
Note:
1. If separation equipment and oil storage is used, refer to production testing inspection
list in Section 4.2.
2. For rig safety, refer to drilling rig inspection checklist in ARP 2.0
Owner Representative ________________________
Signature _________________
Signature__________________
Signature__________________
Section 4.1
Page 54
2000/02
4.2
WELL TESTING
4.2.1.
Scope
The Original ARPs (Alberta Recommended Practices) for Well Testing were
developed by the Well Testing and Fluid Handling Subcommittee of the Drilling
and Completions Committee (DACC) in 1987 to establish recommended
practices for equipment, procedures and workers for the safe handling of fluids
associated with Well Testing. These IRPs (Industry Recommended Practices)
incorporate, update and replace the Alberta Recommended Practices (ARP)
Volume 4 Well Testing and Fluid Handling, Section 4.2 entitled Well
Testing. These IRPs were developed through 1998 and 1999 with planned
implementation in 1999. The recommendations in this IRP are somewhat
unique in that it is meant to encompass Well Testing and similar operations
where Well Testing companies perform the work. Certain recommendations
(including but not limited to a recommendation on the number of workers
required) are more stringent than would be required for work where Well Testing
companies are not involved. Wellsite Owners are expected to use their own
safe operating practices when testing wells with their own workers and to refer
to the complete IRP Volume 4 document when well testing and fluids handling
operations are being conducted.
4.2.2
Wellhead Control
4.2.2.1
General
IRP
4.2.2.2
Standard
IRP
Section 4.2
Page 55
2000/02
4.2.2.3
4.2.2.3.1
Pressure Rating
IRP
Note:
Note:
4.2.2.3.2
Master Valves
IRP
Where practicle, all well tests must be performed using wellheads with
a master valve. Master valves should be of the full bore, round opening
type. Wells where the H2S content of the wellbore effluent is 50
moles/kilomole (5%) or greater require 2 master valves. Master valves
for Critical Sour wells should be API 6A flanged.
Note:
Master valves are used to allow the servicing of the wing valve and to allow the
connection of treatment lines, lubricators and other temporary connections.
Master valves are used to isolate other components, and should not be used to
initiate or shut off flow.
4.2.2.3.3
IRP
All wells must be provided with a flow tee or cross above the master
valve, to connect wing valves to the master valve(s). Critical Sour wells
must be provided with an API 6A flanged flow tee. A top connector
should be considered where applicable.
Section 4.2
Page 56
2000/02
4.2.2.3.4
Wing Valve
IRP
A wing valve must be attached to the flow or cross tee. Critical sour
wells must have API 6A flanged wing valves.
Note:
The wing valve is used to initiate or shut off flow. The flow sequence is always:
open the lower master valve (if applicable), then the upper master valve, the
wing valve. The shut off sequence is the reverse.
Note:
4.2.2.3.5
Pressure Testing
IRP
Note:
Note:
Note:
4.2.2.3.6
Temporary Wellheads
IRP
Section 4.2
Page 57
2000/02
4.2.3
4.2.3.1
Capacities
4.2.3.1.1
General
IRP
Equipment flow capacities should be sized for the flow rates of the
program, and need not be sized for the maximum capacity of the well.
Flow capacities may be derived from detailed calculations,
nomographs and experience.
IRP
IRP
Unrestricted access to the wellhead wing valve and master valve must
be ensured.
IRP
Note:
Conventional safety valves are designed for block in pressure protection and to
operate without allowing the relieving pressure to rise greater than 10% over the
set pressure of the PSV. ASME Section VIII Division 1 requirements are that
the safety valve cannot be set greater than the vessels Maximum Allowable
Working Pressure (MAWP) and must have adequate capacity to ensure that
the maximum rise of pressure after the valve opens is limited to 10% of the
MAWP. Backpressure on a safety valve is not a function of its operation to
relieve pressure but is a function of any external produced pressures on the
outlet side of the safety valve. If this backpressure is constant then the
conventional safety valve can be cold set at a lower pressure, set to
compensate for the backpressure.If the backpressure is variable a pilot or
balanced bellows safety valve is required to maintain constant pop pressure.
If the safety valve is installed to prevent overpressure due to thermal (fire)
exposure only and there is no source of external pressure that would cause the
vessel to exceed its MAWP, a thermal relief valve can be installed. This safety
valve can be set at 110% of the vessel MAWP and pressure rise to maximum
25% over the MAWP is allowed.
A pressure shutdown devise is not an acceptable means of overpressure
protection for pressure vessels a safety relief valve is required.
4.2.3.1.2
Separator Systems
IRP
Section 4.2
Page 58
2000/02
4.2.3.1.3
Heat Requirements
IRP
4.2.3.1.4
Liquid Storage
IRP
The upstream system and the liquid storage stage must be designed to
reduce or eliminate or control the escape of vapors to the environment.
4.2.3.2
Pressure Ratings
4.2.3.2.1
Pressure Vessels
Note:
Refer to the Definitions section in this IRP for clarification on certified versus
non-certified vessels.
IRP
4.2.3.2.2
Pressure Piping
IRP
Note:
Note:
Note:
Section 4.2
Page 59
2000/02
4.2.3.2.3
Flanges
IRP
ASME flanges have the pressure rating defined in ASME B16.5 Pipe
Flanges and Flanged Fittings. Also refer to CSA Z245.12. Unless higher
temperatures are encountered, the nominal pressure rating is that at 38
degrees C (100 degrees F). API flanges have the pressure rating
stamped on the flange. API 6H fitting use the same class designation as
ANSI B16.5 however the pressure / temperature ratings are different.
4.2.3.2.4
Other Connections
IRP
Other connections that are not defined by standards such as ASME, API,
CSA, etc. are acceptable (e.g. Hammer unions, Unibolt connections,
etc.) provided that:
-
Note:
4.2.3.2.5
Flexible Piping
IRP
Flexible pressure piping (e.g. swivel joints, pressure hose, etc.) should
not be used where well effluent internal pressure could exceed 103.4
kPa (15 Psig) in well testing operations.
Note:
Where lines of 33 mm (1") or less are normally filled with a stable fluid (e.g.
pressure gauge lines filled with methanol), flexible lines are acceptable.
4.2.3.2.6
IRP
4.2.3.2.7
IRP
Line pipe threading should not be used above 17.2 MPa (2500 Psig), for
pipe sizes above 33 mm (1" nominal). At a maximum, the line pipe
threading ratings of API 6A shall apply, provided that the thread depth
ratings of Appendix I are not exceeded.
Section 4.2
Page 60
2000/02
Working Pressure
68.9 MPa (10,000 psig)
34.5 MPa (5,000 psig)
20.7 MPa (3,000 psig)
34.5 MPa (5,000 psig)
4.2.4.1
Metallic Materials
4.2.4.1.1
General
IRP
Note:
Owners and Service Companies should note that this definition of Partial
Pressure is not related to definitions of "Sour" by any provincial regulatory body
and that Partial Pressure introduces an additional planning consideration.
4.2.4.1.2
IRP
Post weld stress relieving is mandatory for low alloy steels, and
mandatory for carbon steels unless a weld procedure qualification
ensures HRC 22 maximum throughout the weld. Radiography to ASME
B31.3 is recommended where applicable.
4.2.4.1.3
Exceptions
IRP
Production lines to tanks, flare lines and vent lines may be exempted
from complete conformance toNACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION if:
-
Section 4.2
Page 61
2000/02
4.2.4.2
Elastomers
IRP
Note:
Elastomers are not addressed by NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION, but are
required to be chosen carefully to contain well effluents. A reference for
elastomer selection is ARP 2.11 Guidelines for Selecting Elastomeric Seals or
NACE TM 0187-87 (Standard Method for Evaluating Elastomeric Materials in
Sour Gas Environments).
4.2.4.3
IRP
Note:
The internal trims of some components exposed to H2S have a much higher
possibility of compromising safety and control when they are subject to erosive
well products. These components include level control valves, meters, and
block / bypass valves. Contractors should carefully consider the practical
details of the equipment service.
4.2.5
4.2.5.1
General
IRP
Note:
Section 4.2
be
sufficient
to
ensure
Page 62
2000/02
4.2.5.2
Pressure Vessels
IRP
4.2.5.3
IRP
4.2.5.4
IRP
4.2.5.5
IRP
4.2.6
Equipment Inspections
4.2.6.1
General
IRP
4.2.6.2
Inspection Guidelines
IRP
Section 4.2
Page 63
2000/02
IRP
Note:
The water tank solution gas hazard should be evaluated before reducing the
distances. The appendices are intended to specify minimum spacing and not
equipment layout or piping details. IRP 4.3 must be referenced when well
testing is combined with other flow back operations.
Note:
The Provi nce of British Columbia, Drilling and Production Regulation on Fire
Control s. 62 (c) specifies the required distance from a separator to a flare
stack to be 50 meters versus 25 meters in other jurisdictions. As a
recommended practice, it suggests that all equipment should be 50 meters
from the flare stack for safety and fire considerations.
Section 4.2
Page 64
2000/02
4.2.7.1
IRP
Note:
4.2.7.2
IRP
Note:
4.2.7.3
IRP
Section 4.2
Page 65
2000/02
4.2.8
IRP
Ensure gas flaring lines and fluid production lines are adequately
secured
Note:
4.2.8.1
IRP
IRP
Note:
See Section 4.2.9, Operational Safety, for night time start up procedures.
Note:
4.2.8.2
Wellhead to Choke
IRP
Section 4.2
Page 66
2000/02
4.2.8.3
IRP
On wells defined as Critical Sour the flowline from the Wellhead to the
Choke must be hydraulically pressure tested to a minimum of the
expected Shut in Tubing Head Pressure (SITHP).
4.2.8.4
Downstream of Choke
IRP
4.2.8.5
IRP
Open ended piping (flarelines, vent lines) and production tanks should
not be isolated by valves and pressured tested. Closed valves should
not be in the system. Instead, leak tests of open ended piping and
production tanks must be part of initial operational checks after start up.
Visual inspection of connections is an alternative.
4.2.9
Operational Safety
4.2.9.1
Start Up at Night
IRP
The hazard assessment deems the start up safe for the worker
4.2.9.2
IRP
Section 4.2
2000/02
With wing valve closed, open the master valve and record
pressures
Close the choke (if applicable) and open the wing valve to the
choke. Perform a detailed leak check
Note:
A rate preceding the actual test is appropriate to cleanup the well and to reevaluate the programmed well performance.
4.2.9.3
Test Performance
IRP
Utilize the Safety Standby Method for all hazardous operations, and
utilize a 2nd back-up worker during sour hazardous operations
Monitor flare rates and volumes according to the flare permit (if
applicable)
IRP
4.2.9.4
IRP
Section 4.2
2000/02
for sour or toxic wells, purge the sour or toxic vapors to flare
4.2.10
IRP
The Owner of the well must ensure there are an adequate number of
qualified well testing workers on the wellsite at all times to conduct
operations safely. The following identifies key situations and
recommends a minimum number of workers required to conduct the
operation safely and efficiently.
4.2.10.1
IRP
All Owners and Well Testing Companies must exercise caution and
good safety judgement in the selection of well testing equipment
components and the number of qualified well testing workers.
Gas/liquid deliverability, pressure and toxic vapors such as H2S must be
considered. Test equipment should be selected which reduces the risk
of workers being exposed to toxic vapors. Pressurized storage for the
liquid phase is one method of significantly reducing the toxic vapor
hazard. Per 4.2.3.2, vessels for pressurized storage must meet the
requirements of Provincial Regulatory Agencies. Unregistered noncertified vessels must have adequately sized pressure relief devices to
prevent bursting.
IRP
For well testing, a minimum of two (working) qualified test workers per
shift are recommended. If an Owner chooses to conduct a continuously
manned testing operation without the services of a well testing
company, the minimum worker recommendations still apply.
4.2.10.2
Section 4.2
Page 69
2000/02
The workers at the site assigned to the well testing supervisor are
willing and capable of operating well testing equipment as
instructed
4.2.10.3
IRP
Section 4.2
The operation is a sour inline test, with all measured well effluents
at the separator diverted back to the pipeline
A sour operation where the final sour liquid storage stage for
produced fluids is a certified registered pressurized vessel or tank
and the pressure vessel or tank is not preceded by more than one
(1) separation stage
A sour operation where the final liquid storage vessel is a nonregistered non-certified vessel preceded by a certified registered
vessel or tank, provided the operating pressure of the non-certified
non-registered vessel or tank does not exceed 50% of the design
pressure
2000/02
4.2.10.4
IRP
Note:
If maintaining the atmospheric tank pressure below 50% of the thief hatch
operating pressure becomes a problem, excess solution gas may be reduced
by some or all of the following methods:
-
Increasing the tank vent line and tank vent line flame arrestor size.
If such operation cannot rapidly eliminate excess toxic vapors, the well must
be shut in and additional equipment and/or workers called out.
Note:
4.2.10.5
IRP
Section 4.2
Individual must have H2S Alive (or equivalent) and First Aid
Certificates
Page 71
2000/02
Section 4.2
Page 72
2000/02
Section 4.2
Page 73
2000/02
Section 4.2
Page 74
2000/02
Section 4.2
Page 75
2000/02
Section 4.2
Page 76
2000/02
Section 4.2
Page 77
2000/02
Section 4.2
Page 78
2000/02
Section 4.2
Page 79
2000/02
CONTRACTOR: _____________________________
OPERATOR:
___________________________________
SERVICE COMPANY :
_________________________
Signs
01
No Smoking
02
31 Gauge in place
03
D.
04
No Vehicles or Unauthorized
Persons
Danger High Pressure
05
06
B.
07
E.
08
09
36 Pipe schedule
______________
37 Working pressure _____MPA
10
Safety footwear
11
Ear Protection
39 Secured
12
Eye Protection
40 Blocked Level
13
F.
14
Certificates:
41 Secured
a) H2S
42 Blocked Level
b) First Aid
G. Pop Line
c) WHMIS
15
d) Transportation of Dangerous
Goods
Fire retardant clothing
16
Facial Hair
17
18
Floor Lights
19
Section 4.2
ADEQ
# ____
/ INADEQ
ADEQ / INADEQ
Flowline
32 Pipe schedule
______________
33 Working pressure _____MPA
34 Pressure Tested (Hydro)
35 Blocked Level
Deadweight Line
45 Blocked Level
47 Riser Secured
H.
Other
Page 80
2000/02
21
22
23
24
25
C.
Wellhead
26
Clean
27
28
29
I.
M. Spacing
59
Bonded to Tank
60
Length ___m
61
Blocked Level
62
Drip Pail
63
Valve
64
Truck Bonding
65
Fire Extinguisher
J.
Propane Line
66
67
Blocked Level
68
Bonded
K.
Tanks
69
Bonded to Wellhead
70
On Planks
71
Level
72
Valves Work
73
Valves Set
74
Tank Stairs
75
Section 4.2
O. Heater
Page 81
2000/02
Gas Blanket
77
Tanks Purged
78
79
80
81
Block Valve
82
83
84
85
86
Berm Checked
87
L.
Stack
(Dia.___mm. x m.___ )
P.
Separator
88
Lines Clear
89
Pilot Checked
90
91
92
Igniter checked
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
Lease Trailer
Light Plant
R.
General
Section 4.2
Page 82
2000/02
S.
Comments/Explanations
Owner Representative:
____________________________
Signature:
_______________________________
Contractor Representative:
________________________
Signature:
_______________________________
Signature: _______________________________
Section 4.2
Page 83
2000/02
Section 4.2
Page 84
2000/02
4.3
OTHER FLOWBACKS
4.3.1
Scope
The Other Flowbacks IRP was developed by the Well Testing and Fluid
Handling Subcommittee of the Drilling and Completion Committee (DACC to
establish minimum recommended practices for equipment requirements,
procedures and workers. The safe handling of fluids associated with well killing,
coiled tubing unit (CTU) operations, and stimulation (swabbing, fracturing, etc)
operations are emphasized on sweet well flowbacks utilizing open tank
systems. Criteria are included for monitoring explosive mixtures on sweet and
sour well flowbacks using closed tank systems. Criteria are provided for
pumping of High Vapour Pressure (HVP) hydrocarbons with a Reid Vapour
Pressure greater than 14 kPa or 50 API gravity.
It is recognized by the Committee that some of the recommendations of this
IRP are onerous to shallow gas well projects and projects involving multi-well
operations such as rod jobs. The IRP does not intend to cause undo
operational and economic hardship to any owner/operator in the use of these
IRPs on shallow gas and multi-well projects. In specific circumstances where
the IRPs do cause operational and economic hardship on these type of
projects, the owner/operator may apply commom practices currently in place
by the owner/operator that meet the intent of this IRP and Occupational Health
and Safety Standards - to provide a standard of safety for the worker, the
equipment and the general public.
4.3.2
Note:
See Section 4.3.5.4 for IRPs on Monitoring and Supervision of Open Tank
Systems.
IRP
IRP
In operations where gas vapours are expected from produced fluid, the
hazards to on-site workers, equipment and the public must be assessed
and deemed safe before proceeding. Hold and document a hazard
assessment meeting on the site with all personnel prior to beginning
operations. The meeting should include discussion of procedures,
sources of ignition, personal protective equipment and identification of
harardous atmospheres. The report must be posted on the site.
Note:
Section 4.3
Page 85
2000/02
IRP
A safety zone of 50 meters in all directions from the open tank must
be established and relayed to all persons on the site, when flowing,
circulating or pumping to an open tank system.
IRP
Note:
The use of an external gauge on the tank will aid in monitoring tank levels from
outside the safety zone.
IRP
IRP
IRP
IRP
IRP
Wind indicators must be placed near and around the open tanks.
Consideration of wind speed and direction shall be considered prior to
start up.
IRP
IRP
IRP
All flows must be controlled using a choking device other than the
wellhead wing valve.
IRP
Section 4.3
Page 86
2000/02
Physical gauging of open tank systems will only be done once the area
is proved safe by the LEL meter.
IRP
IRP
IRP
4.3.3
Wellhead Control
IRP
4.3.4
IRP
The rig pump should be located a minimum of 7 m from the rig tank.
Ensure that the rig pump is not located downwind of the rig tank and if
so, extend the separation to 14 m. IRP 4.3.5.6 provides additional
recommendations regarding potential ignition sources.
4.3.5
Procedures
4.3.5.1
IRP
Note:
Section 4.3
Page 87
2000/02
In British Columbia, the Oil and Gas Waste Regulation of the Waste
Management Act, Section 3 states, The owner or operator of a piece of
equipment or a facility referred to in section 4 or 6 (1) must ensure that the one
hour average ambient ground level concentration of hydrogen sulphide due to
the discharge of air contaminants from that equipment or facility does not, at
the perimeter property on which the equipment or facility is located, exceed 10
parts per billion by volume. The Oil and Gas Waste Regulation also in
section 4 (g) authorizes discharges to the air of contaminants by owners or
operators of equipment or facilities that vent to the air, for the purpose of
maintenance of the equipment or facilities, (i) natural gas that contains less
than 230 milligrams of total sulphur per cubic meter of natural gas, or (ii)
natural gas that contains at least 230 milligrams of total sulphur per cubic
meter of natural gas if the natural gas is combusted in a flare or equivalent.
4.3.5.2
Note:
IRP
Wind direction
Ensure that all the air has been displaced from the well, after the
job, before shutting in or producing the well.
4.3.5.3
Operations at Night
IRP
IRP
Operations that will involve the bleeding of gas to open systems under
the cover of darkness must proceed only where absolutely necessary.
This will include flowback, swabbing and coiled tubing operations.
Note:
Section 4.3
Page 88
2000/02
4.3.5.4
IRP
Where the Owner does not have a site representative, the Owner shall
ensure a gas detection meter is available to the site workers. See
Section 4.0.8.1.
IRP
IRP
No worker shall enter the 50 meter safety zone around an open tank
system where gas vapors have been vented to atmosphere until cleared
to do so by the Owners site representative or the worker who is
responsible for monitoring the area with a gas detection meter.
IRP
IRP
Note:
4.3.5.5
Swabbing
IRP
Note:
The purpose of this procedure is to prevent drawing air or the flame from the
flare into the production tank or into the tubing when running the swab cup
back into the well. The introduction of air into the system can lead to a
combustible mixture. IRP 4.2, Well Testing, Section 4.0.8.27 (Air Entrainment)
details other considerations for the prevention of air entrainment. Where gases
produced are being flared, consideration should be given to maintaining a
positive pressure and flow to the flare stack.
Section 4.3
Page 89
2000/02
IRP
Shut down of potential ignition sources on location, for example the rig
pump, boiler and heaters, if not required for the operation, must be
considered during the flowback of volatile hydrocarbons.
IRP
All vehicular access to the well site should be restricted during well
killing and flow back operations to minimize the potential for
inadvertent ignition of any combustible vapours present on the lease.
IRP
Note:
Improved wellsite security will ensure that individuals who are required to use
vehicles in proximity to the wellbore, open system rig and storage tanks will
only be able to under the supervision of the Owners representative and/or the
rig manager.
4.3.5.7
Safety Checklists
IRP
Note:
4.3.6
4.3.6.1
IRP
The Owner of the well must ensure there are an adequate number of
qualified workers on the wellsite at all times to conduct operations
safely. The following identifies key situations and recommends a
minimum number of workers required to conduct the operation safely
and efficiently.
IRP
On non-critical sour wells where well testing workers are not employed,
a minimum of two (2) people are required to directly monitor flowback
operations. Where well testing workers are not employed the Owners
representative or the rig manager must supervise the operation and the
two workers.
Section 4.3
Page 90
2000/02
For critical sour wells, IRP 2, Completing and Servicing, Section 2.15 Well Site
Worker Training and Experience, and IRP 4.2, Well Testing, must be adhered
to.
IRP
On non-critical sour wells, a minimum of two (2) people at the well site
involved in flowback operations shall have valid first aid certificates
and H2S training.
Note:
IRP
Section 4.3
Page 91
2000/02
4.4
4.4.1
Scope
The Original ARPs (Alberta Recommended Practices) for the loading and
transportation of fluids were developed by the Well Testing and Fluid Handling
Subcommittee of the Drilling and Completions Committee (DACC) in 1987 to
establish minimum recommended practices for the loading, unloading and
transportation of wellsite fluids. The IRPs (Industry Recommended Practices)
incorporate, update and replace the Alberta Recommended Practices (ARP
Volume 4 Well Testing and Fluid Handling, Section 4.4 entitled Loading,
Unloading and Transportation of Fluids). These IRPs were developed through
1998 and scheduled for approval and implementation in 1999. These IRPs
outline procedures to minimize the likelihood of tank explosions during loading
or unloading for both temporary wellsite production testing and subsequent
production facility operations, as well as to control H2S emissions. The
procedures can also be utilized for the safe handling of High Vapor Pressure
(HVP) hydrocarbons.
4.4.2
IRP
Section 4.4
Stop at the entrance to all sites before entering to check for the
possibility of gas vapors venting to the atmosphere where the
vehicle is intending to drive
Page 92
2000/02
4.4.3
Fluid Charactaristics
IRP
Toxicity
Flammability
Corrosive effects
Environmental impact of escaped fluids
Flashability
IRP
Note:
4.4.4
4.4.4.1
Closed Systems
The use of a closed system (pressurized tanks or atmospheric tanks equipped
with suitable vapor gathering flaring / scrubbing systems) may be necessary
to eliminate any H2S releases to atmosphere (nuisance odorous and public or
personal safety). The duration of operation, proximity to, and notification of area
residents, should be considered. Inspection policies regarding the handling of
sour effluent in Alberta are included in Alberta Energy and Utilities Board Guide
G-37, Service Rig Inspection Manual.
Section 4.4
Page 93
2000/02
Tank Truck Loading and Unloading Operations Sweet and Sour Fluids
IRP
Atmospheric tank trucks should only be used to haul sweet and sour
fluids where the fluid is non-gaseous and there is minimal possibility of
vapour breakout due to agitation or ambient temperature increases. An
H2S scrubber must be used while loading, unloading and transporting
sour fluids where an atmospheric tank truck is used to haul sour fluids.
IRP
Where ammonia type scrubbers are used, the ammonia must be kept
fresh and must be able to handle the concentrations and volume of H2S
vapour. Refer to Section 4.0.8 H2S Scrubbers.
IRP
Note:
ARP 2.10 Quality Programs for Pressure Containing Equipment includes basic
information regarding quality programs. NACE MR 01-75 LATEST EDITION,
Sulphide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment
has a 350 kPa (50 psi) pressure limit below which the requirements do not
apply.
4.4.4.2.1
IRP
IRP
To haul sour gaseous fluids the tank truck must arrive at the wellsite
with a purge in the tank or be equipped to be purged at the wellsite.
IRP
IRP
Section 4.4
The tank has been purged and been tested with an LEL meter to
determine the oxygen content in the tank
There is a minimum of one (1) flame arrestor in the vent line to the
stack
Page 94
2000/02
The system, including the tank truck and the tanks being emptied
will not allow air in through a vacuum apparatus
IRP
The facility where the fluids will be off-loaded should be equipped with
a purge gas make-up system so as to purge the tank while fluid is being
pumped off, allowing the tank truck to have a purge on board when
returning to the wellsite.
IRP
IRP
The pressure capabilities of the piping and hose system to the tank
truck must not be exceeded
Note:
Where possible, shut-off the truck while loading. The pressure on the flowback
or storage tank will transfer the fluid to the tank truck. The use of a pump will
also agitate fluids resulting in additional gas vapor from the fluid.
IRP
Section 4.4
1.
2.
Page 95
2000/02
IRP
IRP
IRP
4.4.4.2.2
IRP
For the transportation of sour fluids, a fluid haulers tank must have a
purge inside before venting to a flare stack during loading operations.
The truck tank must have a purge on when it arrives at the worksite or a
means to purge the tank on the worksite must be available.
IRP
The purge must be verified at the worksite, just prior to loading, with an
LEL meter. The vent line from the tank to the stack must have a manual
valve installed with a minimum of one (1) flame arrestor. A slip stream
of gas injected downstream of the tank, to create a venturi, may be
appropriate.
Note:
Consult the operator of the vent system to ensure to ensure proper valving and
flame arrestor(s) are installed in the vent line to the flare stack.
4.4.4.3
IRP
IRP
When loading sour fluids, tank truck vapors may be directed into a flare
system as long as the trucks tank contains no oxygen, otherwise tank
truck vapors should be scrubbed through an ammonia scrubber and
vented to atmosphere. Eliminating oxygen can be achieved by the
following:
Section 4.4
Page 96
2000/02
IRP
IRP
IRP
IRP
The wheels of the tank truck should be chocked while transferring the
liquids.
4.4.4.4
IRP
Note:
Refer to the definitions in this IRP for information relative to TDG legislation
and tank construction.
IRP
IRP
The tank vent must be sealed during storage and during transport when
the truck is empty.
Note:
In British Columbia, the Oil and Gas Regulations of the Waste Management
Act, Section 5, s.s (3) states, after May 31, 1997, (a) during transportation,
tanks mounted on vehicles must be, (i) operated with control devices such that
the concentration of hydrogen sulphide at any vents or outlets is less than 10
parts per million by volume.
4.4.5
IRP
Workers transporting sour fluids shall have valid H2S, WHMIS and TDG
certificates.
IRP
Workers operating fluid hauling trucks must have a valid license for the
province/territory of operation.
IRP
Section 4.4
Page 97
2000/02
IRP
4.4.6
4.4.6.1
Note:
In British Columbia, the Oil and Gas Regulations of the Waste Management
Act, Section 5, s.s (3) states, after May 31, 1997, (a) during transportation,
tanks mounted on vehicles must be, (i) operated with control devices such that
the concentration of hydrogen sulphide at any vents or outlets is less than 10
parts per million by volume.
4.4.6.2
Well fluid with a hydrogen sulfide saturated vapor concentration (H2S SVC) of
more than 0.088 moles / kilomole (88 ppm) is designated as SOUR for the
purposes of transportation. Fabrication specifications and working pressures
become more stringent for well fluids at 440 ppm and again at 4400 ppm H2S.
References/Links
Transport Canada TDG Regs, Schedule II List II
Transport Canada TDG Regs, Part 3
Transport Canada TDG Regs, 7.33.1 (GrandFathering)
CSA B621, Selection & Use for TDG
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety (LC50 H2S)
Section 4.4
Page 98
2000/02
Note:
Section 4.4
Page 99
2000/02
4.5
4.5.1
Scope
This section of IRP Volume 4, Well Testing and Fluid Handling, provides an
alphabetical index to assist the user to find common words and phases used
in this IRP.
4.5.2
Page Number(s)
A
7, 49, 86, 88
41, 43, 68, 71, 89
14
21-31, 55-57, 60
back packs
bleed-off
breathing equipment
B
14, 53, 81
7, 14, 89
14, 19, 98
calibration
Canadian Petroleum Safety Council
CAODC
CAPP
Caution(s)
certified pressurized flowback tank
checklist
choke
circulating
closed system
coiled tubing unit operations
confined space
contingency plan
corrosion
critical sour
Section 4.5
C
23, 70
2,4
2, 85
2
7, 10, 16, 19, 22, 34, 42, 48, 51, 52,
69, 86 95
8, 39, 40
48 ,53-54, 66, 80-81, 83, 90
13,24, 41, 48, 50, 62, 64, 66-68, 71,
81-82
6, 36, 39, 48, 70, 71, 81, 85, 86, 87,
89, 90
8, 35, 39, 85, 93-94, 96-97
8, 41, 88
8, 35
16, 93
7, 19, 26-27, 52, 59, 64
13, 19, 36, 39, 53, 57, 67, 80, 90-91
Page 100
2000/02
Page Number(s)
D
2, 4, 6, 55, 85, 92
49, 66, 88
48, 49, 66-67, 88
2, 7, 59, 61, 88, 97
2-5, 8, 10, 13, 17, 42, 46-53
2, 4, 6, 55, 92
8,53,54
E
egress packs
elastomers
emergency shutdown valve
employer
enclosed environment
environmental protection
equipment capacities
erosion
ESD
explosive
14
37, 62
57, 59
1, 8, 9, 11, 13, 46, 72
9, 15
14
58, 68
27, 64, 86
9, 34, 57, 59, 62, 66, 68, 81
11, 16, 17, 20-23, 38, 41-42, 44,
51, 85-87, 93, 98
F
16, 71, 91
20
36
41
10, 13, 20, 24, 34, 36, 39, 70, 85,
87, 90, 95
2-4, 8-10, 20, 23, 35, 36, 38, 39,
40, 48, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 95
2-4, 6, 8-13, 15-1 8, 23, 25, 32,
35-39, 41, 42, 46-49, 51-52, 54,
55, 59-60, 65- 66, 69-71, 85-90,
92-99
2
flowback
fluid
forward
G
gas
Section 4.5
Page 101
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Page Number(s)
H
H2S
7-10, 12, 14, 16-19, 22, 24, 3334, 36, 39, 43, 46-47, 51-52, 3844, 48-49, 51-53, 59, 61-62, 64,
66-67, 69-71, 80-82, 85-90, 92,
94-99
8, 14, 22, 33, 36, 51, 59, 68, 70,
94
19, 22
8, 39, 94-95, 97
15
35, 67, 85, 88
7, 15-19, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 68,
85, 87, 93
9, 94
24, 25
39
23, 35, 87, 90
21, 22
9, 70
17, 18
24, 25, 89
H2S concentration
H2S environments
H2S scrubber
hauling companies
hazard assessment
hazards
high vapor pressure hydrocarbons
hydrates
hydrometers
ignition source
ignition temperature
inline test
inspections
introduction
J
K
L
LEL (lower explosive limits)
loading
local authority
master valves
metallurgy
monitoring
MSDS sheets
mud can
56, 57
19
10, 16, 20-21, 23, 85-86, 89, 98
93
48
N
NACE
night time
non-certified pressurized storage
non-essential workers
NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive
Material
Section 4.5
Page 102
2000/02
Page Number(s)
O
10, 15
3-5, 7-8, 10-11, 13, 20, 37, 41,
52, 54, 65, 81, 85, 88, 90-91, 93,
99
10, 88, 90
15, 20, 36, 37-38, 44, 85-87, 89,
90
3, 8, 10, 20, 36, 48, 85
8, 10-12, 14-16, 24, 35,3 9-40,
49-50, 66, 68,72,85,88,92
35
21, 22 34 44 94 96
open system
open tank system
other flowbacks
owner
owner representative
oxygen
P
physically capable
pipe tally
PITS (Petroleum Industry Training Service)
positive pressure
PPE
pre-job equipment checklist (see checklist)
pre-job safety meeting
pressure piping
pressure rating
pressure test
pressure vessels
pressurized tank truck
procedures
produced fluids
program of operations
propane tanks
PSAC
pumping
purge
17 18
50
6, 47 71
33, 96-97
11, 87
24, 32, 34
69, 60, 66
50, 56, 59-63, 69, 72, 95
3, 25, 48, 50, 54, 57, 66-67
58-59, 64, 91, 94
95
2-4, 12, 16, 22, 32, 34, 37, 42,
44, 46-47, 50-51, 55, 60, 66, 68,
71, 72, 85, 89, 92-93, 95, 97-98
37-38, 69-70
16
65
2, 4, 71, 90
10, 23, 36, 39, 85-87, 89, 90
25, 34-35, 41-45, 69, 89, 94-96
Q
qualifications
qualified well testing person
qualified workers
Section 4.5
Page 103
2000/02
Page Number(s)
R
References
regulatory requirements
Reid vapor pressure
responsibilities
rig floor
rig pump
SABA SCBA
safety service company
safety stairs
safety standby method
safety zone
scope
seamless pipe
self-contained breathing apparatus
service company
service contractor
shut in
signage
site representative
SITHP
sour
sour fluids
sour gas
sour service
spacing
spills
standards
start-up
stimulation
supervisor
Section 4.5
Page 104
2000/02
Page Number(s)
14, 33
10, 13, 39, 41, 45, 50, 70, 85, 8889, 91
42, 60, 69, 70, 85, 93-94, 98
50, 60
sweet
swivel joint
T
tank truck
tanks
TDG
test line
test plug
testing
trained
transportation of fluids
U
UEL (upper explosive limits)
unloading
21
3, 16, 87, 92, 94-98
V
vapor density
vented to atmosphere
21
8, 10, 15, 20, 35-36, 38, 4, 87,
89, 90, 96
36
96
venting gas
venting tank trucks
W
waste manifest
water
15
12, 23-24, 33, 35, 37, 52, 54, 64,
67
18
10, 87, 89, 91
2-4, 10-11, 14,18-29, 24, 27, 34,
52, 55, 57, 60, 64, 68-71, 90, 93
18, 69-71, 90
55, 87
56, 57
14, 50
44, 56-58, 68, 86
18-19, 93
32,86
well designation
well killing operations
well testing
well testing workers
wellhead control
wellheads
wellsite owner
wing valve
worker safety
workwear
X
Y
Section 4.5
Page 105
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Page Number(s)
Z
Section 4.5
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C:\My Documents\Delta-P\Safety Programme\Safety Manual.doc
19/06/01
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Testing Division
Date:
Location:
Operating Company:
Delta-P Rep:
1. General Instructions
Delta-P Safety Policy
In Case of Injury
Safety Footwear
Emergency Plan
Protective Clothing
Employee Responsibilities
Reporting Accident/Incident
RX Hazard Glasses
Hearing Protection
Hand Protection
Open/Close Tool
Speed Limit
Mud Drop/Observation
Horseplay
Leg Guards
Visitors
Vehicle Usage
Loose Clothing
Grinding Tools
Unsafe Conditions
Parking Areas
Electrical Clearances
Improper Conduct
Ladders
Emergency Transportation
Static Electricity
Steam Hazards
Sandblasting
Painting
Page 1 of 1
Hydrogen Sulphide
Gasoline
Methyl Alcohol
Caustic
Propane or Butane
Glycols
Oils
Condensate
Oilfield Chemicals
Nitrogen
Acids
Others
Solvents
First Aid
TDG
O2 Indicator
Mechanical Ventilator
WHMIS
Confined Space
H2S Alive
Others
Hearing Protection
Eye Protection
Work Gloves
Leg Protection
Page 2 of 2