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BRITISH STANDARD
Coatings on metal
fasteners
Part 3: Specifications for electroplated
zinc and cadmium coatings
12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS 7371-3:1993
Incorporating
corrigendum no. 1
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Date
Text affected
8181
March 1994
Corrigendum no. 1
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BS 7371-3:1993
Contents
Committees responsible
Foreword
Page
Inside front cover
ii
Specification
0
Introduction
1
Scope
2
References
3
Definitions
4
Application and type of coating
5
Coating
6
Chromate treatment
7
Suitability of coatings for components with parallel threads
8
Information to be documented and supplied to the coater
9
Identification
Annexes
Annex A (normative) Coating thickness for threaded parts
Annex B (normative) Measurement of coating thickness
Annex C (informative) Guidance on procedures that may be adopted to
accommodate thick coatings
1
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
4
4
7
10
11
Tables
Table 1 Nominal coating thicknesses
Table 2 Coating designation and corrosion resistance
Table 3 Designation of chromate treatments
Table A.1 Upper limits of nominal coating thickness
Table C.1 Minimum fundamental deviation required to accommodate
coatings too thick to be applied to standard threads. Metric threads
12
Figure
Figure B.1 Measuring area for local coating thickness measurement on
fasteners
11
List of references
13
3
5
6
8
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Foreword
This Part of BS 7371 has been prepared under the authority of the General
Mechanical Engineering Standards Policy Committee to provide part of a series
of standards on coatings on metal fasteners.
The attention of user of this Part of BS 7371 is drawn to the restrictions placed
on the marketing and use of cadmium and its compounds contained in the
Environmental Protection (Controls on Injurious Substances (No. 4)
Regulations 1992 [1].
WARNINGS. This British Standard calls for the use of substances and/or
procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken.
It refers only to technical suitability and in no way absolves wither the designer,
the producer, the supplier or the user from statutory obligations relating to
health and safety at any stage of manufacture or use.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal
obligations.
ii
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0 Introduction
BS 7371 deals with the performance and selection of coatings on metal fasteners and accessories.
This Part of BS 7371 specifies the requirements for zinc and cadmium electroplated coatings.
Other published Parts of BS 7371 are as follows:
BS 7371-1:1991 Specification for general requirements and selection guidelines1)
BS 7371-2:1993 Specification for torque/clamping force relationship
BS 7371-11:1993 Specification for zinc flake non-electrolytically applied cured coatings
Further Parts of the series to incorporate the following are in preparation:
Specification for electroplated nickel, nickel/chromium and copper/nickel/chromium coatings
Specification for electroplated tin and tin/lead coatings
Specification for electroplated coatings for special purposes
Specification for mechanically applied zinc coatings
Specification for mechanically applied coatings for special purposes
Specification for phosphate and oil coatings
Specification for organic coatings
Zinc and cadmium electroplated coatings covered by this Part of BS 7371 are for use on fasteners and
accessories where the following apply:
a) a coating given galvanic protection is required for ferrous fasteners;
b) a substrate is required to improve the corrosion resistance of subsequent coatings on ferrous fasteners,
e.g. organic;
c) the risk of hydrogen embrittlement of high tensile steel fasteners is acceptable;
d) the use of cadmium is acceptable.
The coating has a silver appearance which can be modified to yellow, olive green or black by a chromate
conversion (passivation) treatment applied to improve corrosion resistance.
Additional coatings are available to further modify colour but these may influence coating performance,
e.g. lubricity or electrical conductivity.
The shape of certain parts may create difficulties in the application of a coating of uniform thickness and
reference to the coating of uniform thickness and reference to the coater is recommended to enquire if a
difficulty exists or if it can be overcome by the use of specialized processing methods.
Typical difficulties as outlined in BS 4479-1:1990 and BS 4479-2:1990 arise when bulk processing:
1) long thin parts;
2) parts with flat surfaces that can stick together during processing, e.g. flat washers;
3) parts with recesses which do not receive the full coating;
4) parts with shapes that induce nesting and interlocking;
5) the internal surfaces of hollow parts.
The coatings are suitable for application to metal components such as the following:
i) parallel threaded fasteners and accessories;
ii) screws that cut or form their own threads, e.g. self tapping screws (see for example BS 4174:1972);
iii) woodscrews (see for example BS 1210:1963);
iv) springs and spring components;
v) pipe nuts and connectors with parallel or tapered threads.
1)
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When these coatings are applied to non-ferrous fasteners, the only part of the specification that will apply
will be the coating thickness requirement. These coatings should not be specified for application to copper
or copper alloys unless an undercoat is also specified, e.g. nickel.
NOTE The coating processes covered by this standard may induce hydrogen embrittlement in certain ferrous fasteners. Attention
is drawn to the appropriate requirements in BS 7371-1:1991.
1 Scope
This part of BS 7371 specifies requirements for coatings applied by the electrolysis of solutions of zinc or
cadmium. The coatings consist principally of zinc or cadmium and can be lubricated to give controlled
torque/clamping force properties when required (see for example BS 7371-2:1993).
In addition to the requirements in this Part of BS 7371, the requirements in Part 1 of the standard which
are applicable to zinc and cadmium electroplated coatings apply.
This Part of BS 7371 also specifies requirements for the following:
a) the coating thickness;
b) the type of chromate conversion treatment to be applied;
c) quality assessment of the corrosion resistance of unused coated parts when subjected to neutral salt
spray testing (see for example BS 7479:1991);
d) adhesion test.
Annexes include tables indicating suitable coating grades for standard screw threads and methods of
determination of coating thickness.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
This part of BS 7371 incorporates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publications are listed
on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this
Part of BS 7371 only when incorporated in it by updating or revision.
2.2 Informative references
This Part of BS 7371 refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these
publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference
should be made to the latest editions.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this Part of BS 7371, the definitions given in BS 7371-1:1991 apply.
The coating shall be electrically conductive and galvanically protective to steel under most climatic
conditions.
NOTE 2 The presence of passivates, particularly the coloured ones, decreases electrical conductivity at the surface.
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Where specified by the purchaser (see item e) of Clause 8) the lubricity of the coating shall be modified by
the addition of a lubricant and the torque/clamping force performance of a coated fastener shall conform to
BS 7371-2:1993.
NOTE 3 The addition of an organic coating may affect dimensions, lubricity and electrical conductivity.
4.3 Application
The coating of zinc or cadmium shall be applied by the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a salt or salts
of the appropriate metal.
NOTE Stabilizers and brighteners may be added to the solution is necessary.
5 Coating
5.1 Surface condition
The coating shall be clean, dry and of uniform appearance. All surfaces of a component shall be coated
unless otherwise agreed. The coating shall be free from blisters or loosely adhering material.
5.2 Coating thickness
The specified coating thickness (see item b) of Clause 8) shall be applied using the relationships between
nominal, local and batch average thicknesses shown in Table 1. Coating thicknesses for threaded parts
shall conform to Annex A. The coating thicknesses shall be measured by the methods described in Annex B.
NOTE If a coating thickness other than those given in Table 1 is required, this should be agreed between the purchaser and the
supplier.
3
5
3
10
12
15
20
25
30
3
5
8
10
12
15
20
25
30
max.
3
4
7
9
11
14
18
23
27
5
6
10
12
15
18
23
28
35
1)
See Annex A.
NOTE BS 7371-1:1991 covers a range of thicknesses up to and
including 12 4m. Greater thicknesses are given here as these may be ordered
by the purchaser on agreement with the supplier
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5.4 Adhesion
When tested in accordance with 2.1 of BS 5411-10:1981 the metallic coating shall continue to adhere to
basic metal.
6 Chromate treatment
The chromate treatment (passivation) shall be designated by the symbols specified in Table 3.
Maximum electroplating thickness to be applied to parts incorporating standard thread forms shall be as
specified in Annex A, in order to minimize the risk of interference when both threaded elements of an
assembly are similarly coated.
NOTE 2 Annex C gives guidance for modifying thread dimensions to accommodate thicker coatings.
NOTE 3 Modification of male thread dimensions from tolerance class 6g may influence the mechanical properties.
9 Identification
The coating shall be identified by the number and date of this British Standard, i.e. BS 7371-3:19932)
together with the coating designation in accordance with Table 2.
NOTE The chromate conversion treatment is included in the designation.
A lubricated condition shall be designated by the letter L after the designation (see 4.2).
Example
A zinc electroplated coating of 8 4m thickness with yellow chromate conversion coating and added lubricant
would be identified as BS 7371-3:1993 Zn8CL.
2) Marking BS 7371-3:1993 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or
on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the
claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of conformity, which may also be
desirable.
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BS 7371-3:1993
Nominal coating
treatment
4m
Zn or Cd 3A
Zn or Cd 3B
Zn or Cd 3C
Zn or Cd 3D
Zn or Cd 5A
Zn or Cd 5B
Zn or Cd 5C
Zn or Cd 5D
Zn or Cd 5Bk
Zn or Cd 8A
Zn or Cd 8B
Zn or Cd 8C
Zn or Cd 8D
Zn or Cd 8Bk
Zn or Cd 12A
Zn or Cd 12B
Zn or Cd 12C
Zn or Cd 12D
Zn or Cd 12Bk
1)
2)
32)
12
Chromate
treatment
designation1)
First appearance
of white corrosion
product
h
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
Bk
A
B
C
D
Bk
A
B
C
D
Bk
2
6
24
24
6
12
48
72
12
6
24
72
96
24
6
24
72
96
24
24
24
36
36
48
72
120
168
12
12
24
24
24
36
72
96
96
120
168
192
120
144
192
240
264
192
48
72
120
144
72
72
96
144
168
96
Cadmium
h
Zinc
h
See Clause 6.
Low coating thicknesses impair chromate conversion performance.
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BS 7371-3:1993
Type
Typical appearance
Corrosion protection
Clear
B
Bk
C
D
Bleached
Black
Iridescent
Opaque
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BS 7371-3:1993
Annex A (normative)
Coating thickness for threaded parts
In order to reduce the risk of interference on assembly of threads with electroplated coatings, the nominal
coating thickness shall not exceed one-quarter of the fundamental deviation of the thread as specified in
Table A.1.
The effective coating thickness measured according to one of the methods specified in Annex B shall
conform to the values specified in Table 1.
If batch average thickness measurement is used for threaded parts having a nominal thread length > 5d
then a smaller nominal thickness shall be applied (see Table A.1).
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0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.75
0.8
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
1)
2)
3)
4)
Nominal
thread
diameter1)
d
Internal thread
External thread
Fundamenta Nominal
l deviation
coating
thickness
max.
3)
All
nominal
lengths
Nominal length l
l < 5d
mm
4m
4m
4m
4m
4m
4m
4m
1; 1.2
1.4
1.6(1.8)
2
2.5(2.2)
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
6(7)
8
10
12
16(14)
20(18; 22)
24(27)
30(33)
36(39)
42(45)
48(52)
56(60)
64
+17
+18
+18
+19
+19
+20
+20
+21
+22
+22
+24
+26
+28
+32
+34
+38
+42
+48
+53
+60
+63
+71
+75
+80
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
8
8
8
10
12
12
15
15
15
15
20
p17
p18
p18
p19
p19
p20
p20
p21
p22
p22
p24
p26
p28
p32
p34
p38
p42
p48
p53
p60
p63
p71
p75
p80
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
8
8
8
10
12
12
15
15
15
15
20
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
8
8
8
10
12
12
15
15
15
15
20
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
8
8
10
12
12
12
15
15
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
8
8
10
10
10
12
12
Information for coarse pitch threads is given for convenience only. The determining characteristic is the thread pitch.
Maximum values of nominal coating thickness if local thickness measurement is agreed.
Maximum values of nominal coating thickness if batch average thickness measurement is agreed.
See BS 3643-1 and BS 3643-2.
NOTE The additional deviations that can be applied to threads specially manufactured to accommodate thick coatings are given
in Table C.1.
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BS 7371-3:1993
Tolerance position f 4)
2)
3)
2)
All
Nominal length l
nominal
5d < l < 10d
lengths l < 5d
4m
4m
4m
4m
4m
p34
p34
p35
p36
p36
p38
p38
p38
p40
p12
p45
p48
p52
p58
p53
p70
p75
p80
p85
p90
p95
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
10
10
10
12
12
12
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
10
10
10
12
12
12
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
8
8
8
8
10
10
12
12
15
15
15
15
15
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
8
8
8
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
3)
All
Nominal length l
nominal
lengths l < 5d 5d < l < 10d
4m
4m
4m
4m
4m
p50
p53
p56
p56
p60
p60
p63
p67
p71
p71
p71
p80
p90
p95
p100
p106
p112
p118
12
12
12
12
15
15
15
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
12
12
12
12
15
15
15
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
10
10
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
12
15
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
8
8
8
8
10
10
15
15
15
10
12
12
15
15
15
15
15
15
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BS 7371-3:1993
Annex B (normative)
Measurement of coating thickness
B.1 Local thickness
The local thickness shall be measured by one of the methods contained in the following British Standards.
BS 5411-2:1987
BS 5411-4:1986
BS 5411-5:1984
BS 5411-8:1991
The thickness shall only be measured on the measuring areas as shown in Figure B.1.
B.2 Determination of group and batch average coating thickness
B.2.1 Reagents
A stripping solution consisting of:
hydrochloric acid (density 1.16 g/ml to 1.18 g/ml)
distilled water
antimony trioxide
800 ml
200 ml
20 g
B.2.2 Procedure
Degrease the group of components in an organic solvent, dry thoroughly and weigh to an accuracy of 0.01 %
of the total mass of the group of components; then totally immerse the components in the stripping solution
and turn them over to allow free access to all surfaces. After the effervescence has ceased, remove the
samples, wash immediately in running water, and wipe with a soft cloth to remove any loose deposits.
Immerse in clean acetone, remove, dry thoroughly and reweigh.
B.2.3 Calculations
B.2.3.1 Calculate the group average thickness of coating (in 4m) using the following formula:
K ( m0 m 1 )
Thickness = ------------------------------A
Where
3)
K
m0
m1
A
3)
10
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Measuring area
Figure B.1 Measuring area for local coating thickness measurement on fasteners
B.2.3.2 Values of K are as follows:
for cadmium, K = 1160, assuming a density of 8.6 g/cm3 for cadmium;
for zinc, K = 1410, assuming a density of 7.1 g/cm3 for zinc.
B.2.3.3 Calculate the batch average coating thickness from the following formula:
of all group average coating thicknessesBatch average coating thickness = Sum
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Number of groups
Annex C (informative)
Guidance on procedures that may be adopted to accommodate thick coatings
C.1 Modification of thread dimensions
When, in order to provide improved corrosion resistance, it is required to deposit coatings thicker than
those that appear in Table A.1 or alternatively, when it is required to apply coatings to components of
pitches smaller than appear in Table A.1, it is necessary to manufacture threads to special limits and
tolerances.
The minimum pitch limits of applicability in Table A.1 can be lowered if for any particular thread the
normal tolerance is restricted at the maximum metal limits. This provides a greater fundamental deviation
or, in the case of tolerance position H, it provides a deviation which does not otherwise exist. Alternatively,
the whole tolerance zone can be displaced to provide a greater fundamental deviation.
The minimum fundamental deviation required for particular pitches and deposit thicknesses are given in
Table C.1.
C.2 Selective electroplating
Where a thick deposit is required on a portion of the fastener, for example the heads of bolts or blind nuts,
it is often possible to use the procedure of selective electroplating. In such cases the thickness of the
deposits applied to the different areas of the fastener will need to be specified by the purchaser.
11
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Table C.1 Minimum fundamental deviation required to accommodate coatings too thick to
be applied to standard threads. Metric threads
Dimensions in micrometres
Normal coating
thickness
3
5
8
10
12
15
20
25
30
1 < 5d
12
20
32
40
48
60
80
100
120
12
20
32
40
48
60
80
100
120
15
25
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
18
30
48
60
72
90
120
150
180
NOTE 1 If the tolerance class already has a basic deviation (for example, G, g, f or e), the deviation is deducted from the relevant
deviation in Table C.1 to give the minimum additional basic deviation.
NOTE 2 Since the modifications for the thicker deposits may significantly reduce the thread engagement, their application should
be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
12
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Informative references
BSI standards publications
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London
BS 1210:19634)
BS 4174:19724)
BS 4479
BS 4479-1:19904)
BS 4479-2:19904)
BS 6338:1982
Other references
[1] GREAT BRITAIN. Environmental Protection (Controls on Injurious Substances) (No. 4) Regulations
1992. London: HMSO5)
4)
5)
13
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BSI
389 Chiswick High Road
London
W4 4AL
This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard,
of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these
details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior
written permission of BSI must be obtained.
Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Manager.
Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7553.
Email: copyright@bsi-global.com.