Cim Notes

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Mechanical Engineering
2014-2015
Unit I - Computer Aided Design
PART-A
1. What are the components of manufacturing system. (Nov/Dec-2009)
A manufacturing system consists of the following components: production machines (plus tools, fixtures,
and other related hardware); a material handling system; a computer system to co-ordinate and/or control
the preceding components; and human workers to operate and manage the system.
2. What is system software and Application Software.
System Software- System software performs/control the operation of computer. These are responsible for
making hardware to work and interact with the user commands. Application software - are used for
general/customized/specialized problems (AutoCAD, CATIA, ANSYS, Pro-E, Hyper mesh, Adina)
3. List the reasons for implementing CAD Software. (Nov/Dec 2011)
a) To increase productivity of the designer in terms of simplified design tools and applications; b) To
improve quality of product design; c) To improve effective communications between core users; d) To
create a database for product engineering
4. List the benefits of implementing Computer Graphics in Product design
a) The object represented by its geometric model in three dimensions (X, Y and Z); b) The mathematical
representation reduces creation of views like orthographic, isometric, axonometric or perspective
projections into simple viewing transformations; c) Though the size of the screen is limited, there is no
need to scale the drawings. Drawings made are very accurate; d) Revision and revision control are easy.
Drawings can be modified easily; e) More important than all, drawings can be reused conveniently.
Storage and retrieval of drawings are easy.
5. List some software package used for modeling. List the drawing entities used in CAD modeler.
Software Packages:-Auto Cad, Pro-E, IDEAS, Uni-graphics, CATIA, Solid Works, solid edge. Drawing
Entities:- Point; Line; Circle; Spline; Arc; Ellipse; Polygon; Rectangle etc,.
6. Define DDA Algorithm.
The digital differential analyzer generates lines from their differential equations. The DDA works on the
principle that X and Y are simultaneously incremented by small steps proportional to the first derivatives
of X and Y. In the real world of limited precision displays, addressable pixels only must be generated.
This can be done by rounding to the next integer after each incremental step. After rounding, a pixel is
displayed at the resultant X and Y locations.
7. Mention some basic type of geometric transformation.
Translation, Scaling, Rotation, Reflection, Shear, Twist (2D and 3D geometric transformations used in
computer graphics system for product design and development)
8. Define Viewport.
It may be sometimes desirable to display different portions or views of the drawing in different regions of
the screen. A portion of the screen where the contents of the window displayed
called as view port. Let the screen size be X = 0 to 200 and Y = 0 to 130. A view
port can be defined by the co-ordinates say X1 = 65, X2 = 130, Y1 = 50 and Y2 =
100. If we use the same window as below, the definition of this view port will
display the image in the right hand top quarter of the screen
8. Define Scaling.
Used for changing the dimensions of window and view port, it is possible to alter the size of drawings.
This technique is not satisfactory in all cases. A drawing can be made bigger by
increasing the distance between the points of the drawing. In general, this can be
done by multiplying the co-ordinates of the drawing by an enlargement or reduction
factor called scaling factor and the operation is called scaling. In general, the scaling
matrix presented below. Where Sx and Sy are scaling factors in X and Y directions.
9. What are the components of a CAD system. (Nov/Dec-2011)
Configuration of a typical CAD system

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10. Distinguish between reflection and scaling transformation. (May/June-2013)

Reflection
Scaling
a) Shading is an important element in 3-D a) It may be necessary to fit a large sized
computer graphics, as it gives the necessary drawing within a smaller drawing sheet
realism to the representation of the object
size.
The
dimensions
can
be
b) In computer graphics designer can model automatically scaled for this purpose.
reflected light and transmitted light
b) Changing the dimensions of window
and view port, it is possible to alter the
size of drawings.
11. What is shearing transformation.
A shearing transformation produces distortion of an object or an entire image. There are two types of
shears: X-shear and Y-shear. A Y-shear transforms the point (X, Y) to the point (X1, Y1) by a factor Sh1,
where, X1 = X and Y1 = Sh1. X + Y
An X-shear transforms the point (X, Y) to (X1, Y1),
Where, X1 = X + Sh2.Y and Y1 = Y
Sh2 is the shear factor.
12. Define Clipping.

Clipping is the process of determining the visible portions of a drawing lying within a window. In
clipping, each graphic element of the display examined to determine whether it is completely inside the
window, completely outside the window or crosses a window boundary. Portions outside the boundary are
not drawn. If the element of a drawing crosses the boundary, the point of inter-section is determined and
only portions, which lie inside, are drawn.
13. Define Rendering.
Rendering is a general term describing the overall process of representation of a 3-D object to a shaded 2D projection on the screen of the computer. This involves a number of processes: a) Generation of a data
structure for polygon models; b) Applying transformations; c) Scan converting polygons; d) Hidden
surface removal; e) Shading individual pixels.
14. Define Translation.
Moving drawing or model across the screen is called translation. This is accomplished by adding to the
co-ordinates of each corner point the distance through which the drawing is to be moved (translated). In
general, in order to translate drawing by (TX , TY ) every point X, Y will be replaced by a point X1 , Y1
where, X1 = X + TX and Y = Y + TY
Original Rectangle
Rectangle After Translation
15. Describe basic components in computer system used in CIM and list elements of computer s/w.
Two basic components in a computer system used in CIM. a) Computer Hardware and b) Software.
Elements of Computer software includes a) The operating system which controls the basic house- keeping
operations in a computer b) Software packages used for conceptual design like Alias and for geometric
modeling like solid modeling (Solid Works, Unigraphics, CATIA, Pro/Engineer etc. and c) Application

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software which includes the programs for design analysis, simulation and synthesis, tool design, process
planning, enterprise resource planning, PDM, PLM, CNC programming, computer aided inspection etc.
16. What are the advantages of solid modeling. (May/June-2012)
a) Feature based design- A feature is a basic building block that describes the design, like a keyway on a
shaft b) Solid models can be used for quick and reliable design analysis c) Since computer-based solid
models are a lot easier to change and manipulate than the physical mock-ups or prototypes, more design
iterations and modifications can be easily carried out as a part of the design process d) Finally designers
can generate detailed production drawings directly from the solid model. This capability increases design
productivity considerably
17. What are wire frame model.
Wire frame model can be considered as networks of interconnected lines to represent the edges of
physical objects being modeled. In wire frame modeling the object is represented by its edges. Though
this type of modeling may not provide unambiguous understanding of the object, this has been the method
traditionally used in the 2-D representation of the object, where orthographic views like plan, elevation,
end view etc are used to describe the object graphically.
18. What are the basic approaches followed in solid modeling and Classify geometric modeling.
Basic approaches are constructive solid geometry (CSG) and boundary representation (BREP). Geometric
modeling classified as Wire frame, surface modeling and solid modeling.
19. What is CAM and list down basic applications of CAM.
CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) defined as an effective use of computers and computer
technology in the planning management, and control of the manufacturing function. Two basic
applications are a) Manufacturing Planning (Example: CAPP Computer Aided Process Planning) and b)
Manufacturing Control (Example: NC-Numerical Control Programs for controlling CNC Machines)
20. State features of CAD Package.
Geometric modeling features, Editing or manipulation features, Display control features, Drafting
features Programming facilities, Analysis features, Connecting features.
21. Define CAD.
CAD-Computer Aided Design/Drafting may be as any design activity that involves the effective use of
computer to create, modify or document an engineering product/component design. The digitized product
details created using mechanical software packages like CATIA, Unigraphics, Pro-E etc, has rationalized
the design phase, which earlier was tedious and cumbersome.
22. What is geometric transformation.
Geometric transformation enables us to manipulate the shape, size and location of object. We have two
distinct transformation known as 2D and 3D geometric transformation pertaining to the global co-ordinate
system defined along X, Y and Z-axes of the object.
23. Differentiate between uniform scaling and non-uniform scaling.
If scale factors are equal, SX= SY =S, object changes in size only and not in shape referred as uniform
scaling. If scale factors are not different, SXSY, the object changes in both size and Shape referred to as
non-uniform scaling.
24. Enumerate the typical applications of CAD/CAM.
a) Programming for NC, b) CNC and Industrial robots; c) Design of dies and moulds for casting; d) Dies
for metal working operations; f) Design of tooling; g) Quality control and inspection
25. Name the important 2D Transformation used in computer graphics or CAD/CAM.
2D-Translation; 2D Scaling; 2D-Rotation; 2D-Reflection; 2D-Shear; 2D-Twist
26. Define 2D Scaling.
Scaling is the transformation used to change, increase or decrease, the size of object. Scaling can be
achieved by multiplying the original coordination of an object by the scaling factor Sx along x direction
and Sy along y- direction.
27. Define 2D Rotation.

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Rotation refers to the movement of an object in such a way that the distance between a certain fixed point
and any given point of that body remains constant. Rotation technique is commonly used in rendering and
animate
28. Define 2D Reflection.

Reflection is a transformation in which the direction of one axis is reversed. Reflection
transformation produces a mirror image of an object as depicted in the presented figure
29. Write 3-Dimensional Matrix Transformations.

The transformation matrices developed for 2-dimensions can be extended to 3-D as 3D Scaling; 3D
Translation; 3D Rotation etc,. The matrix formulation is presented below
30. List some of the drawing features in CAD packages. (May/June-2012)

Scaling; Rotation; Translation; Editing; Dimensioning; Labeling; Zoom; Pan; Redraw; Regenerate
31. What is sculptured surface. (May/June-2013)
These are also called free form surfaces. These are created by spline curves in one or both directions in a
3-D space. These surfaces are used in the manufacture of car body panels, aircraft structures, mixed flow
impellers, telephone instruments, plastic containers and several consumer and engineering products.
32. List any four rules of dimensioning. (Nov/Dec-2012)
Each dimension should be given clearly so that it can be interpreted in only one way. Dimensions should
be so given that it will not be necessary for the machinist to calculate, scale, or assume any dimension.
Dimensioning to hidden lines should be avoided wherever possible. No line of the drawing should be
used as a dimension line or coincide with a dimension line.
33. Differentiate IGES and GKS graphic standards. (Nov/Dec-2013)
The Initial Graphics Exchange Specification The Graphical Kernel System (GKS) was the
(IGES) is a file format which defines a vendor first ISO standard for low-level computer
neutral data format that allows the digital exchange graphics, introduced in 1977.GKS provides a set
of information among Computer-aided design of drawing features for two-dimensional vector
(CAD) systems. Applications supported by IGES graphics suitable for charting and similar duties
include traditional engineering drawings, models for
analysis, and other manufacturing functions.
34. What is meant by geometry and topology. (Nov/Dec -2012)
Geometry, broadly, "is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position
of figures, and the properties of space. Topology is the mathematical study of shapes and topological
spaces (example Euclidean space) from global perspective.
35. What is meant by monocodes and polycode structures. (Nov/Dec-2012)

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Monocodes (or hierarchical structure) - a code in which each digit amplifies the information given in the
previous digit. Polycode (or chain-type structure) - each digit is independent of all others, presents
information not dependent on previous ones.
Unit-1: Computer Aided Design

PART-B
1. Explain in detail the geometric modeling techniques. (16)
Hint : 1.Design analysis and Optimization 2. Design Review and Evaluation
3. Documentation and Drafting
2. Explain in detail the characteristics of solid modeling packages. (16)
1 Parametric Design 2. Relations and Relationships 3. Behaviour Modeling.
3. a) Features of a drafting packages. (8)
Drawing utilities, Entity drawing, Edit commands, Standard parts, Display, Cross hatching,
Dimensioning, Plotting, Configuration, Customization, Drawing interchange
b) Explain on drawing utilities. (8)
1. SCREEN SIZE, 2. SCALING, 3. GRID, 4. SNAP, 5. UNITS
4. List the drawing features in CAD and explain them in detail. (16)
1. Scaling 2.Rotation 3. Translation 4. Editing 5. Dimensioning 6. Labeling 7. Zoom 8. Pan
9. Redraw 10. Regenerate
5. a) Discuss the use of various editing commands available in a CAD package. (8)
1. ERASE 2. OOPS 3. MOVE 4. ARRAY 5. CHANGE 6. BREAK 7. MIRROR 8. EXPLODE
9. ROTATE 10. CHAMFER 11. FILLET 12. STRETCH 13. OFFSET 14. UNDO 15. TRIM
b) Explain drawing office management. (8)
1. CREATION OF PARTS LIST, 2. BILL OF MATERIALS (BOM), 3. SEARCHING FOR
SIMILAR DESIGNS, 4. DESIGN CHANGES, 5. REPLACING FAULTY COMPONENTS, 6.
PROJECT COSTING, PRODUCT VARIATIONS, 7. WEB ENABLED SOFTWARES, 8.
INTEGRATED DESIGN, 9. DRAFTING AND DOCUMENTATION,
6. a) Study the various files available in a CAD package and their functions.(8)
Elaborate on STEP, IGES, STL, file structure and applications in file transfer
b) List commands available in CAD packages to create surface models. (8)
1. 3-D face 2. P face, 3. Rulesurf , 4. Tabsurf, 5. Revsurf, 6. Edgesurf
7. a) Compare 2-D and 3-D wire frame models. (8)
If you choose 2D wireframe in the shade mode command, the drawing will be showed as following
way.
1. 3D objects will be displayed as line and curves to represent the boundaries.
2. OLE objects and Raster Images are visible.
3. Even if the system varible "compass" has been set to 1, the compass will be showed in the
drawing.
If 3D wireframe is selected, drawing will be displayed as an different way.
1. Objects will be displayed as lines and curves to represent the boundaries. (as same as 2D
wireframe)
2. But OLE objects, Raster Images and Line weight will be invisible.
3. A colored USC coordinate will be showed. And if the system variable "compass" has been set to
1, it will be showed.
4. The color of the material that are used by objects will be showed
b) Study a CAD package and describe the drawing entities available. (8)

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AUTOCAD
IDEAS
PRO/ENGINEER
UNIGRAPHICS
CADDS V
CATIA
CADAM
IEMS
SOLID WORKS
SOLID EDGE
IRON CAD
8. List the modeling approaches used in CAD packages and explain them in detail. (16)
Wireframe , Solid and Surface Modeling Explain in details
9. a) What are the functions of a graphics package. (8) (May/June 2012)
Modeling Coordinates, Master coordinates, World Coordinates, Device coordinates, Screen
Coordinates
b) Explain about 2D dimensional transformations. (8)
Translation, Scaling and Rotation
10. Describe about operator input devices used at the graphics workstation. (16) (May/June 2012)
Keyboard, Light pen, Mouse, Joy stick, Scanner, Voice system
11. What are the fundamental reasons to implement computer aided design system.
We Always Draw in Full Scale
Show Different Area of One Model
Less Styles to Manage
Easy to Control Drawing Scale
Different Drawing Orientation
Different Drawing Representation with Layer Properties per-Viewport
Get the Advantages of Annotation Scaling
Control Printing Preferences Easily
12. a) Explain the design process in CAD. (8)

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b) Explain the benefits of CAD system. (8)
1. Eliminate extra and costly data translation steps between applications that are operating on
the same 3-D model
2. Automate more of the manufacturing authoring process: (a) automate NC and CMM
programming by using design requirements
3. Use integrated validation tools throughout the process. Integrated CAD/CAM systems can
include tools to validate
4. Keep your data organized so you can work in teams, work in parallel and react faster to
design changes.
5. Share knowledge between departments so designs can be done right the first time with
manufacturability taken into consideration
13. Explain the application of computer for design. (16)
CNC Coding, BOM, Part Diagram and Group technology
14. a) Write SN on 3D Shearing geometric transformation and 3D Scaling. (8) (May/June
2013)
b) Consider a point P (3, 2) in a co-ordinate plane. Perform reflection of the point P. through X axis and
through Y-axis. (8)
15. Explain with suitable, how a solid model is generated using boundary representation and write
the advantages of solid modeling. (16) (May/June 2013)
Unit II Components of CIM

Part A

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1. What is meant by CIM. (Nov/Dec-2010; 2012)
CIM is the integration of the total manufacturing enterprise with integrated systems and data
communications coupled with new managerial philosophies that improve organizational and personnel
efficiency. Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) encompasses the entire range of product
development and manufacturing activities with all the functions being carried out with the help of
dedicated software packages
2. Is CIM a concept or a technology?
CIM is both a concept and a technology. For top management, CIM is a concept, blueprint for success.
For middle managers and line managers, CIM is a technology, a physical realization of resources that are
more capable and flexible.
3. What do you mean by Islands of automation.
The advances in automation have enabled industries to develop islands of automation. Examples are flexible
manufacturing cells, robotized work cells, flexible inspection cells etc. The ultimate objective is to meet the
competition by improved customer satisfaction through reduction in cost, improvement in quality and
reduction in product development time. The individually automated workstations or processes are called islands
of automation.
4. Differentiate between the islands approach to automation and CIM.
The primary difference between the islands approach to automation and CIM is that the CIM is global
while the islands approach is local. CIM represents the logical evolution of the islands of automation
concept. One of the objectives of CIM is to achieve the consolidation and integration of these islands of
automation.
5. Define automation. (May/June-2012)
Automation defined as the process of having machines follow a predetermined sequence of operations
with little or no human labour, using specialized equipment and devices that perform and control
manufacturing processes. The product quality is inherent and process centric thus devoid of defective
manufacturing.
6. What are the components of CIM.
7. List the various components of CIM.

Computer-aided design (CAD); Computer-aided manufacture (CAM); Computer numerically controlled
machines (CNC); Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS); Robotics; Automated material handling
systems (AMHS); Group technology (GT); Computer aided process planning (CAPP); Manufacturing
resource planning (MRP); Computer control systems
8. Brief on CIM Hardware.
CIM Hardware comprises the following: a) Manufacturing equipment such as CNC machines or
computerized work centers, robotic work cells, DNC/FMS systems, work handling and tool handling
devices, storage devices, sensors, shop floor data collection devices, inspection machines etc. b)
Computers, controllers, CAD/CAM systems, workstations / terminals, data entry terminals, bar code
readers, RFID tags, printers, plotters and other peripheral devices, modems, cables, connectors etc.,
9. Brief on CIM Software.
CIM software comprises computer programmes to carry out the following functions:- Management
Information System; Sales; Marketing; Finance; Database Management; Modeling and Design; Analysis;
Simulation; Production Control; Job Tracking; Inventory Control; Shop Floor Data Collection; Order
Entry; Materials Handling; Device Drivers; Process Planning; Manufacturing Facilities Planning; Work
Flow Automation; Business Process Engineering; Network Management; Quality Management.
10. Write down the nine major elements of CIM

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Marketing; Product Design; Planning; Purchase; Manufacturing Engineering; Factory Automation;
Hardware; Warehousing; Logistics and Supply Chain Management; Finance etc,.
11. List down the popular devices used for transferring digital data.
a) Parallel interface; b) Serial RS 232 data link; c) IEEE 488 interface bus (also called General Purpose
Interface Bus - GPIB); d) USB port; e) Modems; f) Computer to computer communications.
12. Define Parallel interface and Serial Interface.
Parallel Interface: - A parallel interface is one that moves information 8 bits or more at a time.
Centronics printer interface is a standard parallel interface. Serial Interface: - When extremely high data
rates are not required, the number of wires required for data communication can be reduced substantially
by converting the bytes transmitted into a serial bit stream. This requires only two wires for bidirectional transmission and a ground line. In a serial bit stream, the bits are represented by codes having
specific time intervals.
13. What is meant by asynchronous data transfer. (May/June-2012)
Asynchronous transmission uses start and stop bits to signify the beginning bit ASCII character would
actually be transmitted using 10 bits. For example, "0100 0001" would become "1 0100 0001 0". The
extra one (or zero, depending on parity bit) at the start and end of the transmission tells the receiver first
that a character is coming and secondly that the character has ended. This method of transmission is used
when data are sent intermittently as opposed to in a solid stream.
14. Define MODEMS.
It is often necessary to communicate between workstations at different locations separated by a
considerable distance. In such cases, an interface element called modem used at each end of a data
transmission channel. A modem is a modulation - demodulation device that converts the discrete stream
of digital pulses to variable analog wave patterns, which transmitted over telephone lines and at the
digital data from the transmitted signal
15. Define Networking
Networking is a convenient technique for tying together the various islands of automation and in the
process makes integration possible through high-speed data exchange between different automated
segments. Networking of computers was initially adopted successfully by service sectors like banking,
airline and train reservation etc. and later was introduced in manufacturing industries. Networked
systems facilitate quick information exchange and effectively cut down development lead-time.
16. Distinguish between MAP and TOP. (Nov/Dec-2010, May/June-2013)
MAP -Manufacturing automation protocol is an implementation of the OSI (Open System
Interconnection) model. It is a hardware cum software system that implements set of rules that facilitate
information transfer among networked computers and computer-based equipment (Machines). MAP is a
hardware/software protocol developed jointly by a group of industries and vendors of computers and
PLCs. It follows the ISO OSI model.
TOP is another widely used protocol, developed by Boeing Computer Services. It is similar to MAP in
several respects. TOP is the initiative of a group of computer system purchasers. In a multi-vendor
computing environment, common communication methods are required for integration and automation
of processes.
17. Write short notes on CIMOSA. (Nov/Dec-2009)
CIMOSA stands for "Computer Integrated Manufacturing Open System Architecture", is an enterprise
modeling framework, which aims to support the enterprise integration of machines, computers and
people. The framework is based on the system life cycle concept, and offers a modelling language,
methodology and supporting technology to support these goals. One of the main idea of CIMOSA is the
categorization of manufacturing operations in: Generic functions: Generic parts of every enterprise,
independent of its organisation-structure or business area. Specific (Partial and Particular) functions:
Specific for individual enterprises.
18. What if NFS.
The Network File System (NFS) is a facility for sharing files in a heterogeneous environment of
machines, operating systems and networks. NFS was thus designed as a collection of network services,
and not as a distributed operating system. As such, it is able to support distributed applications without
restricting the network to a single operating system.
19. What is meant by LAN. (Nov/Dec-2010, 2012)
The networking if restricted to short distances, say a department or a building, is called a Local Area
Network (LAN). A LAN is a system made from the following building blocks that can be added or

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configured as required: Network server; Network interface card; Storage disc; Connecting Cable and
Workstations.
20. Differentiate LAN from MAN (Networks). (Nov/Dec-2009)
A local area network (LAN) is a group of A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a larger
computers and network devices connected network that usually spans several buildings in the
together, mostly in the same building.
same city or town
Current LANs are most likely to be based on They typically use wireless infrastructure or
switched IEEE 802.3 Ethernet technology, running optical fiber connections to link their sites.
at 10, 100 or 1,000 Mbit/s, or on IEEE 802.11 WiFi technology
21. List down some of the CIM models widely employed in Industries.
ESPRIT - CIM OSA Model; NIST-AMRF Hierarchical Model; Siemens Model of CIM; CIM Model of
Digital Equipment Corporation; IBM Model of CIM
22. List any two benefits of CIM. (Nov/Dec-2011)
Advantages are a) CIM allows individual processes to exchange information with each other and initiate
actions. b) Through the integration of computers, manufacturing can be faster and less error-prone,
although the main advantage is the ability to create automated manufacturing processes c) it is fully
automated
23. What are the benefits of automation.
To increase labour productivity; to reduce labour cost; to mitigate the effects of labour shortages; to
reduce or eliminate routine and clerical takes; to improve worker safety.
24. What is meant by data communication and list the channel of communication.
It transfers the data from one device to another via some forms of transmission medium. Computers need
to communicate with printers, terminals and other computers. This kind of input/output is typically
called data communications, since streams of data are transferred between sources and destinations. Two
basic channel types are used in data communications. They are a) Analog type b) Digital type
25. What is meant by communication network. What are the types of network. (May/June-2013)
A collection of equipment and physical media interconnects two or more computer devices. Examples
are LAN; WAN and MAN communication network models. Types of communication networks are a)
LAN (Local Area Network) b) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) c) WAN (Wide Area Network) d)
VPN (Virtual Private Network)
26. What are the various network topologies. (Nov/Dec-2011)
Star, ring, bus, tree, and hybrid topologies
27. Describe Network Interface Cards
Each workstation as well as the file server has a network interface card which is an add on to the mother
board which allows a workstation to communicate to another and the file server, through a
communication medium such as cabling and provides the necessary connection for the same. Two
typical cards are ARCNET and ETHERNET cards.
28. What are the different types of CIM data transmission methods. (Nov/Dec-2013)
Simplex transmission:- allows the data in one direction; Half-duplex transmission:- allows the data in
both direction but not at same time; Full duplex transmission:- allows the data in both direction at same
time.
29. What are the methods of data transmission.
Parallel transmission: A group of bits sent simultaneously with each bit on a separate line. Serial
transmission: There is only one line and bits sent sequentially.
30. List the subsystems of a Graphics System.
Graphics system consists of four subsystems: a. Geometry engine subsystem; b. Scan conversion;
subsystem; c. Raster subsystem; d. Display subsystem
31. What is multiplexing.
It is the transmission of multiple signal over a single communication channel. To combine multiple
signals (analog or digital) for transmission over a single line or media. A common type of multiplexing
combines several low-speed signals for transmission over a single high-speed connection.
32. What are the function of bridges and gateways.

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Bridges are used to connect similar networks. A Bridge is a box with ports (usually two) to LAN
segments. Gateways are used to connect dissimilar networks. It used to mean the same as packet switch,
now it sually means a device that works above the network layer and can perform complete translations
between different protocol stacks.
33. What is OSI model. Define OSI
Open systems interconnection (OSI) reference model is an international standards organization (ISO)
standard that specifies the conceptual structure of systems that are to communicate with each other. The
purpose of OSI - Open System Interconnection is to open communication between different system
without requiring changes to the logic of underlying hardware and software.
34. Name the several layers of OSI model.
Physical layer, data link layer, Network layer, session layer, Transport layer, Presentation layer,
Application layer.
35. What is gateway.

A gateway device is a special-purpose computer, a workstation with associated software, or a software
module that runs as a task in a mainframe. It is essentially a protocol converter that facilitates the
connection of two dissimilar network architectures. Gateways are integration tools to permit end-to-end
communications.
36. How datas are classified in engineering/manufacturing environment.
Data encountered in an manufacturing environment can be classified into 4 basic types a) Resource data,
which describes the resources involved in production, such as machines and tools. b) Product data,
which consists of graphic, text and numeric data. c) Operational data, which describes the events of
production, such as schedules and lot sizes. d) Production data, which describes how the parts are to be
manufactured.
37. What is network data model.
A network data model is simply a graph wherein nodes represent unique records, and links between
nodes represent association between the corresponding records.
38. What is Hierarchical Data Model
The hierarchical data model is similar to the network data model except that the relationships among the
records are represented in the form of tree structure.
39. List the application protocols of TCP/IP
A number of application protocols and user applications have been developed based on TCP/IP. These
include Telnet, FTP, Network File System (NFS), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and
Simplified Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
40. Define topology and explain its classification.
The pattern of interconnection of nodes in a network is called topology. Topology can also be defined as
the geometric arrangement of workstations and the links among them. The types of LAN topology are i)
Bus topology ii) Ring topology iii) Star topology iv) Mesh topology
41. Differentiate modulation and demodulation. (Nov/Dec-2013)
Modulation: The process of varying amplitude or frequency or phase of the carrier signal in accordance
with the instantaneous value of the information signal is known as modulation.
Demodulation: The process of separating the original information signal from the modulated carrier
signal is known as demodulation. It is the inverse process of modulation.
Unit-2: Components of CIM
Part B
1.
a) What is Computer Integrated Manufacturing. (8)
CIM is concerned with providing computer assistance, control and high level integrated automation at
all levels of the manufacturing industries by linking island of automation into a distributed processing
system
b) Discuss the main elements of CIM systems. (8)
Product and process design Production planning and control Production process
2.
a) Discuss how CIM can act as an enabling technology for concurrent engineering. (8)
b) What is importance of CIM. (8)
Development of NC, DNC and CNC

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The advent and cost effectiveness of computers
Manufacturing challenges such as
Global competition
High Labor cost
Demand for quality products
Flexibility to meet the orders
Lower product cost
Capability to cost attractiveness of micro computers
Describe the need for CIM and the issues addressed by CIM.
3.
a) What are the reasons for implementing CIM. (8)
To meet competitive pressures
To coordinate and organize data
To eliminate paper and cost associated with its use
To automate communications with in a factory and increases the speed
To facilitate simultaneous engineering
b) What are benefits of CIM. (8)
To make the total process more productive and efficient

Increase product reliability
Decrease the cost of production and maintenance relating both to the manufacturing
system and product
Reduce the number of hazardous jobs and increase the involvement of humans in
manufacturing ability and design
o Explain the computer Network communications. (8)
o A communication network is the backbone of enterprise organization. Network
help to unify a company linking together all the computerized devices
irrespective of their physical location.
o Communication is said to the nervous system of CIM and thus integral part of CIM.
4.
a) Discuss the need and advantages of networking in a manufacturing shop. (8)
Network allow more efficient management of resources
Networks help keep information reliable and up-to- date
Networks help speed up data sharing
Networks allow work groups to communicate more efficiently
Network helps business service their client more effectively
Networks greatly expand a businesss marketing and customer service capability

b) Describe the salient features of MAP and TOP. (8)
The MAP is to establish one set of LAN protocols for communications between intelligent
devices such as computer controlled machine tools, engineering work stations, process
controllers, factory-floor terminals and control rooms.
5. a) Differentiate between LAN, MAN and WAN. (8)
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Network(MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)

b) What are the different components of a LAN. (8)
4 . Explain about Input and Output Devices, Cable Connection, Server and Network Topology
Describe the three basic network topologies. (8)
Star, Ring, Bus
b) What are the commonly used network interface cards. (8)
Ethernet Connection Wireless Connection
4.
Explain the functions of each layer in ISO-OSI. (16)
a. OSI Model with Block Diagram
5. a) What is CSMA/CD. And also write the rules for CSMA/CD. (8) (May/June 2013)

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b) Explain the data communications. (8)

DATA. Components of data: Message, Sender, Receiver, Medium
6.
a) Explain the Network topologies. (8) (May/June 2012)
Star, Ring, Bus, Tree, Hybrid
b) Describe about seven layer OSI model (8) (May/June 2013)
Describe seven Layers of Model with diagram
12 What are the commonly used network interface cards.
Explain Ethernet Card with Pin diagram
13. Explain both simplex and duplex types of data transmission methods. (May/June 2012)
DATA FLOW (Transmission Mode)
14. Explain the importance of CIM. Also, write the reasons for implementing CIM. (8) (May/June
2013).
1. To meet competitive pressures
I.
Reduced read time
II.
Reduced production, material, and labor costs
III.
Reduced Inventory
IV.
Increased quality
V.
Increased responsiveness to customer
2. To coordinate and organize data
CIM coordinate Functional data, operational data, performance data
3. To eliminate paper and cost associated with its use
Document imaging and document management techniques reduces paper costs
4. To automate communications with in a factory and increases the speed
CIM Implementation permit the sending of messages, memoranda and documents by emails over
long distances
5. To facilitate simultaneous engineering
Organization using cross functional team to improve the efficiency of product design and reduce
cycle time
15. Explain in detail the communication matrix in CIM. (8)
Three families of communicators
1.
Computers
2.
Person
3.
Processes / Machines
4.
Communication within block or family

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5.
Communication outside a block or family
Unit III Group Technology and Computer Aided Process Planning
Part A
1. Define Group Technology (GT). (Nov/Dec-2013)
Group Technology (GT) is a manufacturing methodology in which identical or similar components are
grouped processed together during design, process planning and manufacturing so that a wide variety of
components can be manufactured, at the least expense of time, inventory, person-hours and material
handling. Group technology is an operations management philosophy based on the recognition that
similarities occur in the design and manufacture of discrete parts
2. List out the stages in Group Technology.
a) Production planners to setup the GT database; b) Grouping the parts or components into part-families
with some similar characteristics; c) Re-design the shop-floor arrangement according to common shape,
function or manufacturing process and tooling.
3. List out the techniques available for formation of cell in GT. (May/June-2012)
Cell Formation Techniques can be broadly classified as a) Descriptive Procedures, b) Cluster Analysis, c)
Graph Partitioning, d) Artificial Intelligence, and e) Mathematical Programming
4. State the role of GT in CAD/CAM Integration. (Nov/Dec-2011)
a) Using coding and classification schemes of group technology (GT), models developed for part family
formation and plan retrieval and stored as manufacturing data in CAD/CAM systems used to develop
standard process plan. b) The process of acquisition and documentation of manufacturing knowledge is a
recurring dynamic phenomenon.
5. What is part family (Nov/Dec-2010)
Part-family is defined as" collection of parts which are similar in terms of geometric shape, size, and
similar processing steps required in manufacturing, so flow of materials through the plant improves". A
part family is a collection of parts which are similar either because of geometry and size or because
similar processing steps are required in their manufacture. The parts within a family are different, but
their similarities are close enough to merit their identification as members of the part family.
6. Provide examples for classical grouping of parts.
In machine tool manufacturing industry, large part families can be grouped as: a) Heavy parts - beds,
columns etc; b) Shafts, characterized by large L/D ratios; c) Spindles (long shafts, screw rods included);
d) Non-rounds (small prismatic parts); e) Gears, disc type parts (whose L/D ratios are small)
7. Explain the two categories of attributes of parts.
a) Design attributes (Basic-External/Internal shape; Axisymmetric/Prismatic/sheet metal;
Length/diameter ratio; Material; Major dimensions; Minor dimensions; Tolerances; Surface) b)
Manufacturing attributes (Major process of manufacture; Surface treatments/coatings; Machine
tool/processing equipment; Cutting tools; Operation sequence; Production time; Batch quantity
Production rate; Fixtures needed) which consider the sequence of processing steps required to make a
part.
8.What are the three basic code structures used in GT applications.
a) Hierarchical codes (or monocodes or tree structure); b) Attribute codes (or polycode or chain type
structure) c) Decision-tree codes (or hybrid codes or mixed codes).
9. What is the main difference between hierarchical codes and attribute codes. (May/June-2013)
Hierarchical Codes
Attribute Codes
With
the
hierarchical
structure,
the Part classification and coding is concerned with
interpretation of each succeeding symbol identifying the similarities and using these similarities
depends on the value of the preceding symbols. to evolve a classification code. Similarities are of two
types: design attributes (such as geometric shape and
size), and manufacturing attributes (the sequence of
processing steps required to make the part).
10. List out the premises for the development of DCLASS code.
a) A part may be best characterized bytes basic shape, usually is most apartment attribute; b) Each basic
shape may have several features, such as holes, slots, threads and grooves; c) A part can be completely
characterized by basic shape; size; precision and material type, from and condition; d) Several short code
segments can be linked to from classification code that is human recognizable and adequate for human
monitoring; e) Each of these code segments can point to more detailed information.
11. What is PFA.

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Production flow analysis (PFA) is a technique for pre-planning the division of the whole factory into
groups or departmental groups. When the knowledge of division is available, then it is possible to plan
the layout and optimize the manufacturing cell to enhance productivity.
12. What are the applications of GT.
Design: In a firm, many components have similar shape. They can be grouped into design families and a
design can be created by simply modifying an existing component design from the same family.
Manufacturing: For this purpose, GT gives a great importance than simply a design philosophy. Parts
that are not similar in shape may still need similar manufacturing processes. Parts of this type are called
production family. (All parts may need same operation like drilling, milling thread cutting etc.). Process
Planning: Process-planning work can be facilitated, as similar processes are needed for all components
of a particular family. This helps production planning and control much easier because only similar parts
are considered for each cell. Such a cell-oriented layout is called a group technology layout or cellular
layout.
13. Classify FMS according to the kind of operations performed. (Nov/Dec-2009)
Flexible manufacturing system can be distinguished depending upon the kinds of operation they
perform: a) Processing operation. Such operation transforms a work material from one state to another
moving towards the final desired part or product. It adds value by changing the geometry, properties or
appearance of the starting materials. b) Assembly operation. It involves joining of two or more
component to create a new entity which is called an assembly/subassembly. Permanent joining processes
include welding, brazing, soldering , adhesive bonding, rivets, press fitting, and expansion fits.
a) Single machine cell (SMC); b) Flexible manufacturing cell (FMC); c) A Flexible Manufacturing
System (FMS).
a) Dedicated FMS; b) Random order FMS
16. List the basic components of FMS
Physical subsystem includes the following elements- Workstations; Storage-retrieval systems; Material
handling systems. Control subsystem comprises of following elements-Control hardware and Control
software
17. What is FMS.
FMS is a manufacturing system based on multi-operation machine tools, incorporating (automatic part
handling and storage). A Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is an integrated approach to automating
a production system with a view to accommodate fast response to product changes. The primary nature
of an FMS is that it is a computer-controlled manufacturing system that ties together storage,
manufacturing machines, inspection, tooling and materials handling equipment. The FMS is designed to
be flexible so that it can manufacture a variety of products at relatively low volumes, with minimum lead
time between product changes.
18. Differentiate between dedicated FMS and random-order FMS. (Nov/Dec-2012)
Dedicated FMS- It is designed to produce a particular variety of part styles. The product design is
considered fixed. So, the system can be designed with a certain amount of process specialization to make
the operation more efficient. Random order FMS- It is able to handle the substantial variations in part
configurations. To accommodate these variations, a random order FMS must be more flexible than the
dedicated FMS. A random order FMS is capable of processing parts that have a higher degree of
complexity. Thus, to deal with these kinds of complexity, sophisticated computer control system is used
for this FMS type.
19. What is Process planning.
Process planning consists of preparing a set of instructions that describe how to fabricate a part or build
an assembly, which will satisfy engineering design specifications. Process planning is the systematic
determination of the methods by which product is to be manufactured, economically and competitively.
20. What are the steps involved in Process planning.
Steps involved in Process Planning- i) Preliminary analysis and Product design evaluation; ii) Selection
of manufacturing process; iii) Selection of Machine Tool; iv) Selection of Tooling and Process
parameters; v) Final operation sequence selection
21. What are the factors to be considered in selection of tooling.
The type and amount of the material to be cut; the surface finish required; the rigidity and shape of the
part; the machine accuracy and dynamics, cutting force and power consumption.

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22. What arc the prerequisites for process planning.
The other prerequisites for process planning are -a) Part list; b) Annual demand/ batch size; c) Accuracy
and surface finish requirement
23. List the methods of computer aided process planning.
The ultimate goal of a system is to integrate design and production data into a system that generates
useable process plans. As already mentioned there are two approaches: i. Variant process planning and ii.
Generative process planning
24. What is engineering change control. (Nov/Dec-2009)
Engineering changes frequently occur and should be communicated to all the personnel concerned.
Because engineering changes can affect other aspects of manufacturing, companies often implement
systems, which are driven by engineering changes. These systems perform functions such as: i)
Automatic distribution of changed drawings to all areas requiring these. ii) Maintenance of history of
changes for contract reasons. Effective engineering change control will eliminate wastages and delays in
a manufacturing organization.
25. List the features of RDBMS. (Nov/Dec-2009)
In a RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) an entity is an object that is distinguishable
from other objects. An entity set is a set of entities of the same type and is represented by a set of
attributes. For each attribute there is a set of permitted values for domains. An entity relationship model
(E-R Model) is based on the perception of the real world, which consists of a set of entities and
relationships among them. Process planning is a good example of such an interactive need to evaluate
many data relationships in order to arrive at a logical sequence of properly defined manufacturing steps.
26. Describe variant process planning
A variant process planning system uses the similarity among components to retrieve the existing process
plans. A process plan that can be used by a family of components is called a standard plan. A standard
plan is stored permanently with a family number as its key. A family represented by a family matrix,
which includes all possible members. The variant process planning system has two operational stages: A
preparatory stage and a production stage.
27. Describe generative process planning
Generative process planning is a system that synthesizes process information in order to create a process
plan for a new component automatically. In a generative planning system, process plans are created from
information available in manufacturing database without human intervention. Upon receiving the design
model, the system can generate the required operations and operation sequences for the component.
Knowledge of manufacturing must be captured and encoded into efficient software
28. Give the main component of generative CAPP systems.
CAPP system contains of two main components. a) Manufacturing data base (part description, machine
tool library etc.); b) Decision logic (to represent the process planner); c) Process optimization data (as
cross reference)
29. What arc the benefits of Computer Aided Process Planning. (Nov/Dec-2010)
a) Process rationalization: Computer-automated preparation of operation routings is more likely to be
consistent, logical, and optimal than its manual counterpart. b) Increased productivity of process
planners: With computer-aided process planning, there is reduced clerical effort, fewer errors arc made
and the planners have immediate access to the process planning database. c) Reduced turnaround time:
This leads to an overall reduction in manufacturing lead time. d) Improved legibility: The computerprepared document is neater and easier to read than manually written route sheets. f) Incorporation of
other application programs
30. List down the factors to be considered for selecting coding system for components.
When selecting a coding system for a components representation, there are several factors to be
considered. They include: a) The geometry of components (i.e., rotational, prismatic, deep drawn, sheet
metal etc.); b) The code structure; c) The digital representation (i.e., binary, octal, hexadecimal etc.); e)
Material of manufacture - ferrous, non ferrous, plastics, composites etc.
31. What is the main difference between hierarchical codes and attribute code structures.
In hierarchical structure, the interpretation of each symbol in the sequence depends on the value of
preceding symbols. Whereas in attribute/polycode structure, the interpretation of each symbol in the
sequence does not depend on the value of preceding symbols.

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32. List any six coding systems that are widely recognized in industries.
a) OPITZ classification system, b) MICLASS system, c) DCLASS system, d) CODE system, e) KK-3
system, f) CUTPLAN system, g) COFORM coding for machining.
33. Explain OPITZ coding system. (Nov/Dec-2013)
The OPITZ coding system uses the following digit sequence: 12345 6789 ABCD. The basic code consists
of nine digits, which can be extended by adding four more digits. The first nine digits are intended to
convey both design and manufacturing data. The first five digits, 12345, are called the form code and
describe the primary design attributes of the part. The next four digits, 6789, constitute the
supplementary code. It indicates some of the attributes that would be of use to manufacturing (work
material, raw work piece shape, and accuracy). The extra four digits, ABCD, are referred to as the
secondary code .
34. What is cellular manufacturing.
Cellular manufacturing (CM) is an application of group technology in which similar machines have been
aggregated into cells, each of which is dedicated to the production of a part family.
35. List any four-design considerations guiding the cell-formation.
Parts/products to be fully completed in the cell; higher operator utilization; a fewer operations than
equipment; Balanced equipment utilization in the cell.
36. What is meant by CAPP. (May/June-2012)
CAPP refers to computer-aided process planning. CAPP is used to overcome the drawbacks of manual
process planning. With the use of computers in the process planning, one can reduce the routine clerical
work of manufacturing engineers. Also it provides the opportunity to generate rational, consistent and
optimal plans.
37. What is CMPP system. (May/June-2013)
CMPP- Computer Managed Process Planning It is a generative system capable of automatically making
process decisions. a) An extensive interactive capability is provided which permits the use to examine
and modify a process plan as it is developed. b) This system can be used to plan the fabrication of
cylindrical parts involving processes such as: Turning, grinding, and honing, broaching, milling,
electrical discharge machining, and drilling used to produce flats, slots, holes, gear teeth, and other
noncylindrical features on a cylindrical part.
38. List any two benefits of CAPP. (Nov/Dec-2011)
a) Process rationalization and standardization; b) Increased productivity of process planners; c) Reduced
lead time for process planning.
39. List some of the process planning systems currently available.
The majority of existing process planning systems is based on variant process planning approach. Some
of them are: CAPP, MIPLAN, MITURN, MIAPP, UNIVATION, CINTURN, COMCAPPV, etc.
However, there are some generative system, such as METCAPP, CPPP, AUTAP, and APPAS.
40. What are the basic approaches of CAPP.
Retrieval (or variant) CAPP system, and Generative CAPP system.
41. Differentiate the underlying concepts of variant and generative CAPP systems. (May/June
2012)
a) In variant CAPP system, a process plan for a new part is created by recalling, identifying and retrieving
an existing plan for a similar part, and making the necessary modifications for the new part. b) Whereas
the generative CAPP system automatically generates the process plan based on decision logics and pre-coded
algorithms
42. By whom and when was group technology first documented. (Nov/Dec-2009)
SP Mitrafanov, a Russian engineer is known to be the originator of group technology. It was first
documented by him in 1958.
Unit-3: Group Technology and Computer Aided Process Planning
PART B
1. a) What is MRP? Explain the inputs to MRP and various MRP outputs. (8)
b) List the various benefits of MRP. (8)
a) MRP-Material Requirements Planning-Inputs are MPS-Master Production Schedule-BOM-Bill
of Material-Inventory Record File-Outputs are-Primary outputs are Planned order schedule and
Inventory order action-Secondary outputs are exception records and performance control reports

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b) Better utilization of resources and facilities-Improve productivity-Reduction in unnecessary
inventory without generating part shortages-Prompt customer service is possible
2. a) Explain Bar code technology. (8)
b) Describe the structure of a process plan. (8)
a) Process planning in discrete part manufacturing-Basic functions of process planning such as
process design and operational design-Explain with simple lathe operation with part diagram
b) Define Bar coding structure-Types one dimensional bar code and two dimensional bar code with
examples. Instrument used to read bar coding structure.
3. Explain the Different Data Collection System used in Shop floor. (16)
Importance of data collection in process control-Computer process monitoring-Data to be collected like
process data, equipment data and product data-Automatic data collection system-ADC-Automatic data
collection and identification systems-Bar Code Technology-linear (One-Dimensional Bar Codes)-TwoDimensional Bar Codes- Other ADC Technologies- Audio Frequency Identification- Magnetic Stripes
-Optical Character Recognition-Machine Vision-Elaborate them with neat sketches.
5. What are the types machines used in FMS workstations? Describe them. (16)
The flexible manufacturing system (FMS) combines a fully integrated material handling system with
automated processing stations-Types of FMS-Machine, Production, Mix, Product, Volume and
Expansion flexibility-Dedicated FMS and Random order FMS- Flexible manufacturing systems can be
distinguished according to the number of machines in the system. The following are typical categoriessingle machine cell (type I A)- flexible manufacturing cell (usually type II A, sometimes type III A)flexible manufacturing system (usually type II A, sometimes type III A)- Type I Manufacturing Systems:
Single Stations -Type II Manufacturing Systems: Multi-Station Cells- Type III Manufacturing Systems:
Production lines
6. Explain AGV? Mention its application. Illustrate with suitable example used in Shop floor. (16)
An automated guided vehicle system (AGVS) is a material handling system that uses independently
Operated, self-propelled vehicles guided along defined pathways-vehicle guided technology-typical
AGV setup-Application are assembly line applications, flexible manufacturing systems, hospital material
transport, official mail delivery, storage and distribution- Illustrate the coordinated network in shop floor
control starting from material storage and distribution using AGV

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7. Compare two methods of serial transmission. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Serial bit stream-Because any amount of time can elapse between characters the serial data transmission
method is called asynchronous method-A UART or Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter is a
special chip used to simultaneously transmit and receive serial data performing the appropriate
parallel/serial conversions and inserting or checking extra bits used to keep serial data synchronizedRS-232 and Universal Serial Bus serial transmission system.
8. What is the need for computer aided process planning. Describe the methods of CAPP. (16)
Define CAPP-Need arises for the following Process rationalization and Standardization-Increased
productivity of process planners-reduced lead time for process planning-incorporation of other
application programs. Methods are retrieval and generative CAPP system
Retrieval CAPP System

Generative CAPP System
9. a) Discuss the principle and advantages of group technology coding. (8)
b) Classify a component using either OPITZ or MICLASS system. (8)
a) Define group technology-Part Families-Parts classification and coding-Advantages of GT
b) For the drawing given below the coding structure is presented below

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OPITZ coding : 15100

The five digit code is developed as follows; Length to diameter ratio: L/D=1.5 Digit 1=1; External
Shape: Stepped on both ends with screw thread on one side Digit 2=5; Internal Shape: Part contains a
through hole Digit 3=1; Plane machining none Digit4=0; Auxiliary hole, gear teeth, none Digit 5=0
10. a) Discuss the principle of variant process planning. (8)
b) Discuss the principle of generative process planning. (8)
Define process planning-Types are generative and retrieval process planning-Explain them in detail
Refer question 8 for further explanation
11. Two components are shown in Figure below. Do they belong to the same part family. Discuss.
(16)
Yes they belong to the same family-Interpret the commonality existing between the two parts with
respect to design attributes and manufacturing attributes
Explain each attributes relevantly with respect to the part drawing given in the question.
12. Discuss how group technology is used in designing manufacturing cells. (16)
Define group technology-Define Manufacturing cell-Part families concept based on part manufacturing
attributes-Manufacturing cell layout design-Types of machine cell and layout-Single machine cell-group
machine cell with manual handling- Group machine cell with semi-integrated handling-Flexible
manufacturing cell-Mixed mode production system.
13. Discuss the parts classification and coding structure employed in-group technology. (16)
Define Codes and Standardization in manufacturing-Design and Manufacturing attributes-Reasons for
using coding scheme-Design retrieval, automated process planning and Machine cell design-Coding
structures like hierarchical, chain type and mixed mode structure-Types are OPITZ, MICLASS,
MULTICLASS and THE CODE systems-Explain any two with relevant examples.
14. Given the part design of Figure, give the form code for this part using any one coding
system(16)

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OPITZ coding: 15100

The five digit code is developed as follows; Length to diameter ratio: L/D=1.6 Digit 1=1; External
Shape: Stepped on both ends with screw thread on one side Digit 2=5; Internal Shape: Part contains a
through hole Digit 3=1; Plane machining none Digit4=0; Auxiliary hole, gear teeth, none Digit 5=0
15. Explain about CAPP. (16) (May/June 2012)
Define CAPP-Method of CAPP- Variant process planning and generative process planning-Design of
variant process planning system-Design of generative CAPP system-CAPP based on CAD model;
decision logic; artificial intelligence (AI)-CAPP implementation-CAPP advantages and limitations
16. a) Explain about parts classification and coding. (8) (May/June 2012)
b) Explain about OPITZ CODING system. (8)
a) Refer question number 13
b) Refer question number 11 and 14
17. a) Explain composite part concept in cellular manufacturing. (8) (May/June 2013)
b) Discuss the benefits of CAPP. Explain CAPP approaches in detail. (8)
a) Define composite part concept-Consider rotational part Draw a step turning part and list down
the manufacturing operations under manufacturing attributes-Finalize machining sequence and
select appropriate cell layout design
b) Refer question number 15
18. Explain the methods of part family formation with a suitable illustration and discuss with
examples the coding system structure. (16) (May/June 2013)
Refer question number 9(b); 11, 14, 16
Unit IV Flexible Manufacturing Systems
PART A
1. Differentiate between FMS and FMC.
a) A FMC has two or three machine, while an FMS has four or more machine. b) FMS generally include
non-processing workstations. However, FMC does not any non-processing workstations. c) The computer
control systems of an FMS are generally larger and more sophisticated than that of a FMC.
2. Illustrate various types of information/data to be collected from the shop floor.
Machine data; Operator data; Tooling data; Data relating to jobs to be done; Materials data; Materials
handling data; Scheduling data; Process planning data; Inspection data
3. Mention the importance of shop floor control. (Nov/Dec-2013)
Shop floor control deals with managing the work-in-process. This consists of the release of production
orders to the factory, controlling the progress of the orders through the various workstations, and getting the
current information of the status of the orders. Shop floor control is concerned with release of production
orders to the factory. Monitoring & controlling the progress of the orders through various work centers.
Factory Information System

4. List the types of data collection systems
The shop floor data collection systems can be classified into two groups. (i) On-line data collection
systems-In an on-line system, the data are directly entered to the computer and are available to the order

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progress module (ii) Off-line data collection systems-In this the data are collected temporarily in a
storage device or a standalone computer system to be entered and processed by plant computer in a batch
mode. In this mode, there is delay in the entry and processing of the data
5. Phases in shop floor control
6. What are the technologies used for automatic data collection. (Nov/Dec-2009, 2010, 2011)
Machine-readable media like Bar codes, Radio Frequency systems (RF Signals), Magnetic strip
technology, Optical character recognition (OCR), Magnetic Ink Character, Voice Recognition (VR),
Smart Cards.
7. List most commonly used Bar codes and Bar code readers
a) Universal Product Code (UPC), b) Interleaved 2 of 5 (ITF), c) Code 39. Bar code readers like fixed
beam and moving beam reader
8. Brief on data acquisition system (DAS)
A data acquisition system is a computer system used to collect the data from a process or piece of
equipment. These perform an analysis of data or transmit the data to another computer for processing
and analysis. A microprocessor is used as the controller/processor in a DAS. Other controllers use
minicomputers or single board computers. The function of the controller/processor is to synchronize the
data sampling and storage and tabulate data for presentation and statistical and other analysis.
Components of DAS include analog transducers, Analog-to-digital converters, digital transducers, and
digital input interfaces.
9. List the three major subsystems in FMS.
10. Define FMS.
A Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is an integrated approach to automating a production system
with a view to accommodate fast response to product changes. The primary nature of an FMS is that it is
a computer-controlled manufacturing system that ties together storage, manufacturing machines,
inspection, tooling and materials handling equipment. The FMS designed to be flexible so that it can
manufacture a variety of products at relatively low volumes, with minimum lead-time between product
changes.
11. Define FMC.
The simplest, hence most flexible type of FMS is a flexible manufacturing cell. It consists of one or
more CNC machine tools, general purpose or of special design interfaced with automated material
handling and tool changers. FMCs are capable of automatically machining a wide range of different
workpiece. They are usually employed in one off and small batch production as independent machining
centers, but are frequently the starting point for FMS
12. List the benefits of FMS. (Nov/Dec-2010)
Reduced cycle times; Lower work-in-process (WIP) inventory; Low direct labour costs; Ability to
change over to different parts quickly; Improved quality of product (due to consistency); Higher
utilization of equipment and resources (Utilization better than standalone CNC machines); Quicker
response to market changes; Reduced space requirements; Ability to optimize loading and throughput of
machines.

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13. List down the major elements of FMS
Production systems, Support systems; materials handling systems; automated storage and retrieval
systems, buffer storing of parts; chip removal and washing systems; computer control systems.
14. List the function of FMS computer control system.
Workstation control, Material Handling system control, Work piece Monitoring, Tool control, Failure
Diagnosis & Safety Monitoring, Production control, Reporting etc.,
15. List the types of data associated with the FMC
A typical FMC system handles four different types of data: Master data, control data, status data and
general management data. These data are generated from CAD, CAP and CAM functions.
16. Write any two applications of FMS. (Nov/Dec-2011)
Gantry (Robot) for Loading and Unloading (Automatic Part Changing); Automatic Tool Change
Systems; automated storage and retrieval systems; Tool Condition Monitoring System
17. List the typical FMS layout subsystems.
a) Automatic storage and retrieval system; b) CNC machines; c) Workpiece carriers (AGVs); d)
Palletizing station; e) Washing station; f) Tool presetting station; g) Computer control system
18. What is PDM? List the functions of PDM software.
In order to derive maximum benefit from CAD it must be possible to deliver CAD data efficiently and
seamlessly to all downstream applications related to engineering planning. Product data management is a
technology developed to meet this need. PDM systems work on network layouts called client-server
architectures. The server is also called a vault, even though the information may be distributed over
several workstations. The vault acts as the heart of an engineering network product data management is
concerned with the management of the life cycle data of products.
19. What are the functions of PPC.
Aggregate production planning (APP), Materials Requirement Planning (MRP), Master production
Schedule (MPS), Capacity planning, Shop floor control (SFC), Inventory control and Management
20. List the advantages of PDM.
PDM offers several benefits for the speedy execution of product development projects: a) PDM helps
engineers to access design drawings in minutes; b) Managers know how many drawings were released
for fabrication; c) Manufacturing engineers know exactly when to start fabrication; d) Two designers
cannot simultaneously edit the same drawing; e) Two drawings cannot have the same drawing numbers;
f) All information from drawing-release statistics to revision details pass to the primary project
management system that tracks overall project status for all the company activities; g) The PDM system
keeps a complete history of the modifications, when the modifications took place and keeps all previous
versions of data for a period defined by the company;
21. What is MRP?
A planning technique translates the master production schedule (MPS) of products into a detailed
schedule for raw material and parts used in those products. MRP was a simple computer program for
planning material orders with the purpose of reducing inventory, responding more effectively to market
demand, and ultimately increasing sales.
22.List the advantage of implementing FMS. (May/June-2013)
Increased machine utilization, reduced inventory, reduced manufacturing lead-time, greater flexibility in
production scheduling, shorter response time.
23. What is Master Production schedule (MPS)
The production plan is in turn translated into the master production schedule (MPS). The master
schedule is a macro level document which sets top-level priorities for what will be manufactured and
when, looking at the material that will be required over the production cycle. The MPS planning period,
or horizon, can be of any length, but should be at least as long as a companys longest cumulative lead
time (the time it takes to complete a product from raw material to finished goods.). It is a detailed plan
that states how many end items will be available for sale or distribution during specific periods.
24. Define the term machine loading & job sequencing.
Allocating orders to work centers (CNC Machines) is known as machine loading. Determining the
priority in which the jobs should be processed is termed as job sequencing.
25. What is meant by factory data collection system.

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Examples of the data collection in shop floor are: a) To supply data to the order progress module in the
shop floor control system; b) To provide up to date information to the production supervisors and
production control personnel; c) To enable the management to monitor implementation of master
schedule d) It consists of a various paper documents, terminals and automated devices throughout the
plant for collecting data on shop floor operations.
26. What is scheduling, dispatching, expediting.
Scheduling: Assigning specific job to specific work centers as based on delivery schedule. Advanced
planning and scheduling (APS) is a planning approach that balances demand, production planning,
manufacturing, distributor and other supply chain elements. This synchronizes the entire supply chain
resources. Dispatching: Issuing individual orders to the machine operators. Expediting: Expediting
Comparing actual Progress vs. Production schedule.
27. What is JIT.
A management philosophy that strives to eliminate sources of manufacturing waste by producing the
right part in right place at the right time. With the increasing trend toward a Just-In-Time (JIT)
manufacturing environment, and its emphasis on a reduction of inventory and a more even flow of parts
from suppliers, the purchasing component should also accommodate this increased frequency of
inventory receipt
28. What are the phases of SFC. (May/June 2012)
a) Order release; b) Order scheduling; c) Order progress
29. What is meant by computer process monitoring.
It involves the use of computer to observe the process and associated equipment and to collect and
record dates (shop floor control data) that controls the factory operations
30. What are the types of FMS layout.
In-line layout; Loop layout; Ladder layout; Open field layout; Robot centered layout
31. What is the function of Computer control system.
Workstation control; Distribution of control instructions to workstations; Production control; Traffic
control; Shuttle control; Workpiece monitoring; Tool control; Performance monitoring and reporting
Diagnostics
32. What are the types of data files required for a FMS.
Part program file, Part production file, Station tool file, Routing file, Pallet reference file.
33. What is meant by online and off- line data collection system.
In online system, the data are entered directly into the plant computer system (connected to centralized
server). In an on-line system, the data are directly entered to the computer and are available to the order
progress module. The advantage lies in the fact that the data file representing the status of the shop is
always at the current state. In off line system data are collected temporarily in storage device in batch
mode. In this the data are collected temporarily in a storage device or a standalone computer system to
be entered and processed by plant computer in a batch mode
34. What is data acquisition system.
35. List some MHS system.
Materials handling includes parts transfer from conveyors and palletization. Robots perform well in
these applications as well as handling fragile components and heavy ones and parts that are very hot or
very cold. The tasks can be simple or complex involving tracking in one or two axes or a moving
conveyor. Some robots equipped with multiple tooling can handle more than one part at a time. A variety
of end effectors have been used including mechanical grippers, magnets and vacuum cups, conveyor,
cranes, industrial trucks, monorails automated guided vehicle, industrial robots.
36. State the purpose of primary and secondary material handling system. (May/June-2012)
Primary handling system - establishes the basic layout of the FMS and is responsible for moving work
parts between stations in the system. Secondary handling system - consists of transfer devices, automatic
pallet changers, and similar mechanisms located at the workstations in the FMS.

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Unit-4: Shop Floor Control and Introduction to FMS
PART B
1. Explain the component of FMS and FMS layout configuration. (16)
2. Write an engineering brief about the various types of automatic identification technologies. (16)
3. Write short notes on various materials handling equipment that are commonly found in a FMS. (16)
4. Explain three phases of shop floor control. (16)
5. Explain the components of a Local Area Network and network topologies. (16)
6. Explain the CIMOSA model with a neat diagram. (16)
7. Describe product data management and its advantages. (16)
8. What is data communication? Briefly explain the five components of a data communication system.
(16)
9. Compare the two methods of serial transmission. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each.
10. Write short notes on Ethernet, token ring, and FDDI. (8)
11. What is network management? Discuss the various functions of it.
12. Explain the CIM architecture with neat Sketch. (16)
13. Briefly explain the LAN Implementation. (16)
14. Explain OSI reference model and explain seven layers with neat sketch. (16)
15. Explain about factory data collection system. (16) (May/June 2012)
16. a) Explain about FMS workstation. (8) (May/June 2012)
b) List the applications of FMS. (8)
17. a) Explain the functions of FMS Computer control system. (8) (May/June 2013)
b) Discuss application, advantages and disadvantages of a FMS. (8)
18. a) What are the functions of Shop floor control (SFC). (8) (May/June 2013)
b) Explain briefly the technologies used in automatic identification systems. (8)
Unit- V - Computer Aided Planning and Control and Computer Monitoring
PART A
1. Define MRP.
MRP was a simple computer program for planning material orders with the purpose of reducing
inventory, responding more effectively to market demand, and ultimately increasing sales. The original
MRP programs linked material requirements with inventory levels and replenishment purchase orders
and work orders over a time frame.
2. List the typical modules of a MIS.
Management Information System (MIS) is a typical networked CIM system, consisting of the following
modules:- a) Computer Aided Engineering; b) Operations Management; c) Computer Aided
Manufacturing; d) Intelligent Warehouse System
3. Describe MRP-II
MRP was a very good management-planning tool, if the indicated manufacturing lead-time and the
inventory levels were correct. Despite this method, which improved inventory control and material
planning, many manufacturers realized there were several segments in the manufacturing chain that were
missing. They constantly felt that there was more to their job than monitoring material availability. This
led to the development of manufacturing resource planning or MRP II. MRP-II systems go for beyond
the planning tools of MRP. They are in effect manufacturing control systems. These systems can plan,
track, and control almost any aspect of manufacturing, from inventory levels to job costing, to the
placement of finished goods on the proper truck to get to the right distributor.
4. Define Lean Manufacturing. (Nov/Dec-2011)
The person given credit for initiating many of the methods of lean production TOYOTA chief engineer
named Taichi Ohno (l912-1990). Lean production can he defined as an adaptation of mass production in
which workers and work cells are made more flexible and efficient by adopting methods that reduce
waste in all forms. This is referred to as LEAN production/Manufacturing.
5. Compare Lean production with Mass production.
Mass Production
Lean Production
Standardized Products
Customized Products
Produce to Forecast
Produce to order
Pricing by production cost
Pricing by customer value
Inventory Buffers
Minimum Inventory
Just in case deliveries
Just in time (JIT) deliveries

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Acceptable quality level (AQL)
Perfect first time quality
Continuous Improvement (Process instability Continual Improvements (Kaizen/mistake
corrected after error has occurred)
proof process design
6. Compare Lean with Agile manufacturing.
Lean Production
Agile Manufacturing
Minimise waste
Enrich the customer
Perfect first time quality
Cooperate to enhance competitiveness
Flexible production lines
Organize to master change
Enhancement of mass production
Emphasis on mass customization
Focus on factory operations
Scope is enterprise wide
Flexible production for product variety
Greater flexibility for customized products
7. What is DDC. List some DDC System. (May/June-2013)
DDC- Direct Digital Control is a computer process control system in which certain components in a
conventional analog control system are replaced by digital computer. Some of the DDC systems are
transducers, Sensors, ADC, DAC, Input & output multiplexers.
8. What are the components of DDC. (Nov/Dec-2011)
Some of the DDC systems are transducers, Sensors, ADC, DAC, Input & output multiplexers.
9. What is meant by procurement lead time. (Nov/Dec-2012)
The interval in months between the initiation of procurement action and receipt into the supply system of
the production model (excludes prototypes) purchased as the result of such actions. It is composed of
two elements, production lead time and administrative lead time. The time required from the point when
the need for an item is recognized to when it is received. Refers to the longest lead time among all
needed materials for a given product.
10. Define Off-Line Inspection. (May/June-2013)
Off-line inspection is performed away from the manufacturing process, and there is generally a time
delay between processing and inspection. Offline inspection is often accomplished using statistical
sampling methods. Factors that tend to promote the use of off-line inspection include: (1) variability of
the process is well within design tolerance. (2) processing conditions are stable and the risk of significant
deviations in the process is small, and (3) cost of inspection is high relative 10 the cost of a few defective
parts. The disadvantage of off-line inspection is that the parts have already been made by the time poor
quality is detected.
11. What is meant by Agile manufacturing. (May/June-2012)
Agile manufacturing can be defined as an enterprise level manufacturing strategy of introducing new
products into rapidly changing markets and an organizational ability to thrive in a competitive
environment characterized by continuous and sometimes unforeseen change.
12. List the four agility principles.
a) Organize to Master Change; b) Leverage the Impact of People and Information; c) Cooperate to
Enhance Competitiveness; d) Enrich the Customer.
13. Define On-Line Inspection. (May/June-2013)
The alternative to off-line inspection is on-line inspection, in which the procedure is performed when the
parts are made, either as an integral step in the processing or assembly operation, or immediately
afterward. Two on-line inspection procedures can be distinguished: on-line/in-process and on-line/postprocess, illustrated in Figure (a) and (b).

2014-2015
14. List the enabling techniques for agile manufacturing

Computer numerical control; Direct numerical control; Robotics; Programmable logic controllers; Group
technology and cellular manufacturing; Flexible manufacturing systems; CAD/CAM and CIM; Rapid
prototyping; Computer-aided process planning.
15. List the enabling management practices for agile manufacturing.
Concurrent engineering; Manufacturing resource planning; Just-in-time production systems; Reduced
setup and changeover times; Shorter product development time; Increase responsiveness and flexibility;
Production based on orders rather than forecasts; Lean production.
16. Mention the 8 types of lean wastes.
Transport ,Inventory, Movement, Waiting, Over Processing, Over-Production, Defects, Skill
17. What is BOM.
The bill of materials (BOM) file is used to compute the raw material and component requirements for
end products listed in the master schedule. It provides information on the product structure by listing the
component parts and subassemblies that make up each product.
18. List MRP Input & outputs. (May/June-2012, Nov/Dec-2013)
Inputs: -MPS, BOM, Inventory record file
Outputs:- Order release, report of planned order releases, cancellation reports, Exception reports.
19. What is EOQ.
Economic ordering quantity is that size of orders which minimizes the total costs of carrying inventory
and ordering. The problem of deciding on the most appropriate quantity to order or produce arises when
the demand rate for the item is constant, and the rate at which the item is produced is significantly
greater than its demand rate. This is the typical make-to-stock situation.
20. What is fixed order quantity model. (May/June-2013)
A method that only allows for a specific amount of a given item to be ordered at one time. This type of
rule helps to limit reorder mistakes, conserve storage space, and prevent unnecessary expenditures that
would tie up funds that could be better utilized elsewhere. The fixed order quantity may be linked to an
automatic reorder point where a specific quantity of a product is ordered when stock on hand reaches a
predetermined level.
21. What is Inventory Control? It is scientific method of determining what to order, when to order,
and how much to order and how much to stock so that costs associated with buying and storing are
optimal level without interrupting production & sales.
22. Define capacity planning.
Capacity planning is concerned with determining what labor and equipment resources are required to
meet the current MPS as well as long-term future production needs of the firm. Capacity planning also
serves to identify the limitations of the available production resources so that an unrealistic master
schedule is not planned.
23. Describe aggregate production planning.
This involves planning the production output levels for major product lines produced by the firm. These
plans must be coordinated among various functions in the firm, including product design, production,
marketing and sales
24. Define manufacturing lead time.

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Manufacturing lead-time is the time required to produce the item in the company's own plant, from order
release to completion, once the raw materials for the item are available. The scheduled delivery of
products must be translated into time-phased requirements for components and materials by factoring in
the ordering and manufacturing lead times.
25. What is shop floor control.
Shop floor control is concerned with the release of production orders to the factory, monitoring and
controlling the progress of the orders through the various work centers, and acquiring current
information on the status of the orders. A typical shop floor control system consists of three phases: (1)
order release, (2) order scheduling, and (3) order progress.
26. Why we need to be agile.
Global competition is intensifying; Mass markets are fragmenting into niche markets; Very short product
life cycles, development time and production lead times are required.
Unit-5: Computer Aided Planning and Control and Computer Monitoring
PART B
1. a) Explain Production planning and Production control. (8)
b) Write down the major functions of PPC. (8)
a) Define production planning and production control from perspective of manufacturing industryProcess planning system-Product planning system-Importance of production controlManufacturing data collection and storage systems/technologies.
b) Brief on the following -Material planning-Manpower planning-Methods planning-EstimatingLoading and scheduling-Dispatching-Expediting-Inspection-Evaluation-Cost control-Machine
and equipments
2. a) Explain the cost planning and control. (8)
b) Explain inventory management. Explain the types of inventory models. (8)
a) Standard cost like labor, material and overhead costs- Standard estimated manufacturing cost
data-Actual manufacturing cost data-Comparison of both and planning to control the
manufacturing cost economically.
b) Define inventory and inventory management-Deterministic models like EOQ, Price break
model, Sensitivity analysis-Probabilistic inventory models like single period inventory model,
fixed order quantity model-a fixed time period model-Write brief notes on the above mentioned
models
3. a) Explain manufacturing resource planning (MRP I and II) (8)
b) Explain Just in Time production system. (8)
a) MRP I-Material Requirement Planning-MRP II-Manufacturing Resource Planning-Inputs to
MRP I like Bill of Materials (BOM), Master Production Schedule (MPS)-MRP II emphasis on
Business plan, production plan and integration with financial system
b) Define JIT system-Need for JIT-Benefits of JIT system-JIT Material Handling and Process
flow-KANBAN system
4. a) What are the objectives, principles and concepts of Lean Production. (10) (May/June 2013)
b) Write short notes on MRP. (6)
a) Define LEAN production-Objectives of Lean production system like quality, cost, deadlinesPrinciples of Lean like Specify what creates value from the customers perspective; Identify all
the steps along the process chain; Make those processes flow; Make only what is pulled by the
customer; Strive for perfection by continually removing wastes-Lean concepts like TPS (Toyota
Production System, Standardize work, 5S
b) MRP-Materials Requirement Planning-Inputs and Outputs to MRP like MPS (Master
Production Schedule) BOM (Bill of Materials) etc,.-Benefits of MRP like reduction in
inventory, Improved Customer Service and Greater Productivity.
5. Explain the characteristic of agile manufacturing system. (16)
Agile manufacturing definition-Agility Ideas like Innovative alliances between suppliers, customers, and
manufacturers in the pursuit of value; Powerful concepts of technology-enabled agility-Key
Characteristics are Customer-integrated process for designing, manufacturing, marketing, and supporting
all products and services- Decision making at functional knowledge points not in centralized

2014-2015
management "silos"- Stable unit costs (low variability) no matter what the volume-Flexible
manufacturing -- ability to increase or decrease production volumes at will-Easy access to integrated
data whether it is customer-driven, supplier-driven, or product- and process-driven- Modular production
facilities that can be organized into ever changing manufacturing nodes-Data that is rapidly changed into
information that is used to expand knowledge-Mass customized product versus mass produced product
6. List the approaches to become agile company. (16)
Define agile manufacturing- Agile company road maps like Enriching the customer; Cooperating to
enhance competition; Organizing to manage change and uncertainty; Leveraging people and
information; Cooperating to Enhance Competitiveness; Organizing to Master Change and Uncertainty;
Just-In-Time & Kanban System ; Product and process flexibility; Determination of Output from a Unit
of an Enterprise; Production schedule and Capacity Planning; Time to market compression
7. Explain Input and output variables of a typical manufacturing system. (16)
Typical manufacturing system is a complex arrangement of physical elements characterized by
measurable parameters like Production rate; Work in progress inventory; percentage of defective;
percentage of time delivery; total cost and overhead costs-Inputs are engineering design data; NC
Production data; ,Master Production System, MRP, BOM etc-Outputs are Monitoring and control data;
Quality control data; Management Information reports (MIS)
8. Explain the Feedback control strategy in a manufacturing system. (16)
Sequential engineering-Design and redesign path-across the wall approach-Product development costFeedback control strategy for effective utilization of resources-cost of changes in design-Open and
closed loop feedback control strategy-automation an effective feedback control strategy
9. a) What are the components of DDC? Explain with a figure. (8) (May/June 2012)
b) Explain about Lean manufacturing. (8)
a) DDC-Direct Digital Control-Control loop components-Components of DDC-MultiplexerActuators-Sensors-DAC (Digital to analog converter) and ADC (Analog to digital converter)Benefits like more control options; integrated approach and distributed control systems.
Fig: Components of DDC

b) Refer question 4a) and 5
10. a) Explain how MRP works. (8) (May/June 2012)
b) Explain about cost planning and control. (8)
a) Refer question 4b
b) Refer question 2a
11. a) Explain the configuration and function of adaptive control. (8) (May/June 2013)
b) Describe the components and their arrangement of a direct digital control. (8)
a) Modern CNC machines-Adaptive control as feedback control-Configuration of adaptive control
system-Example: Robots in adaptive control; Sensors in adaptive control system.

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b) Components of DDC-Multiplexer-Actuators-Sensors-DAC (Digital to analog converter) and
ADC (Analog to digital converter)Benefits like more control options; integrated approach and distributed control systems.
Fig: Components of DDC

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ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

10. Distinguish between reflection and scaling transformation. (May/June-2013)

12. Define Clipping.

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

27. Define 2D Rotation.

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

28. Define 2D Reflection.

29. Write 3-Dimensional Matrix Transformations.

30. List some of the drawing features in CAD packages. (May/June-2012)

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Unit-1: Computer Aided Design

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Unit II Components of CIM

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

7. List the various components of CIM.

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

35. What is gateway.

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

To make the total process more productive and efficient

Network allow more efficient management of resources

Networks help keep information reliable and up-to- date

Networks help speed up data sharing

Networks allow work groups to communicate more efficiently

Network helps business service their client more effectively

Networks greatly expand a businesss marketing and customer service capability

Local Area Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

b) Explain the data communications. (8)

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Retrieval CAPP System

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

OPITZ coding : 15100

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

OPITZ coding: 15100

Factory Information System

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

14. List the enabling techniques for agile manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Fig: Components of DDC

ME 2402- Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Fig: Components of DDC

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