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Let X be the number of students out of n who use AIKON brand mobile phones.
1
1
Expected number of students who use AIKON brand phone = 30 6
5
P X 5 0.172 .
1(ii)
P X 1 0.99 1 P X 0 0.99
n
2(i)
2(ii)
2(last
part)
3(i)
3(ii)
3(last
part)
4
[alternatively, use GC Y1= binompdf()]
P X 0 0.01 0.01
5
lg 0.01
n
20.6
4
lg
5
Hence least n = 21.
Required probability = 1 P( all seeds selected do not germinate)
16 15 14 13 12 232
1
.
20 19 18 17 16 323
Let X be the number of seeds that germinate, out of 5. X ~ B(5, 0.10)
Required probability P( X 1) 1 P( X 1) = 1 0.91854 = 0.0815.
Binomial distribution is used in part (ii) based on the assumption that the
probability of success is a constant when the sample size is small as compared to a
large population.
Let X = no of print jobs sent to the colour printer and Y = no of print jobs sent to
the laser printer
For a day , X + Y ~ Po(1.2 ) (independence)
P( X Y 0) 0.01
e(1.2 ) 0.01
1.2 4.605170186 3.41.
For a day , X + Y ~ Po(4.61)
P( X Y 3) 0.163 (3 s.f.).
In 1 hr, let X ~ Po(0.15) , Y ~ Po(0.42625) , X + Y ~Po (0.57625)
In 7 hrs, let A ~ Po(1.05) , B ~ Po(2.98375) , A + B ~ Po (4.03375)
Prob req =
(Prob of 2 jobs in 1st hr, 1 job in next 7 hrs) + (Prob of 3 jobs in 1st hr, 0 job in next 7 hrs)
Prob of 3 jobs in a day
P( X Y 2) P( A B 1) P( X Y 3) P( A B 0)
0.16250022
0.09331032 0.07142884 0.01792335 0.0177078
0.0430 (3s.f.) .
0.16250022
Let W be the random variable no. of air bubbles in 1 randomly chosen plastic
1
sheet. Then W ~ Po(2 )
P(W 3) = 1 P(W 2) = 0.0143877 0.0144 (to 3 s.f.) (shown).
4(i)
4(ii)
Let V be the random variable no. of air bubbles in 5 randomly chosen plastic
1
sheets. Then V ~ Po(2 5) = Po(2.5)
Using GC,
4(iii)
4(iv)
5(i)
P(V = 1) = 0.2052
P(V = 2) = 0.2565 (highest probability)
P(V = 3) = 0.2138
Hence the most likely number of air bubbles is 2.
Let X be the random variable no. of plastic sheets with at least 3 air bubbles out of
15 plastic sheets. Then X ~ B(15, 0.0144)
P(X 2) = 1 P(X 1) = 0.0192244 0.0192.
Let Y be the random variable no. of rejected crates out of 100 crates.
Then Y ~ B(100, 0.0192244)
Since n = 100 > 50 and np < 5, Y ~ Po(1.92244) approximately
P(Y < 2) = P(Y 1) = 0.42741 0.427.
Let X be the number of arrivals at the airport in a two-hour period. X ~ Po 8
P X 13 1 P X 12 0.063797 0.0638 .
5(ii)
P Y 2 | W Y 9
P Y 2 W Y 9
P W Y 9
P Y 0, W 9 P Y 1, W 8 P Y 0 P W 9 P Y 1 P W 8
P W Y 9
P W Y 9
0.0051052524
0.0503453384 0.0503 (ans).
0.1014046695
(1) There are two mutually exclusive outcomes, either there are at least 13 arrivals
in each two-hour period or there arent.
(2) The probability of having at least 13 arrivals for each two hour period remains
constant for each of the 60 two-hour periods.
(3) There is a fixed number of 60 two-hour periods independently selected under
consideration.
Let V be the number of two-hour periods, out of 60, with at least 13 arrivals each.
V ~ B 60, P X 13
5(iii)
5(iv)
Since n = 60 ( > 50, large) and p P X 13 0.0638 ( < 0.1, small), such that
np = 3.828 ( < 5), we have V ~ Po 3.828 approximately.
At most 50 two-hour periods with less than 13 arrivals each means the same as at
least 10 two-hour periods with at least 13 arrivals each.
P V 10 1 P V 9 0.0060899731 = 0.00609
Note:
Students may choose to use the more accurate value for
P X 13 0.0637971966 .
If they do so, the following values will be obtained:
np = 3.827831796 and V ~ Po 3.827831796
P V 10 0.0060881936 = 0.00609.
6(i)
P( X 1) 0.96
1 P( X 0) 0.96
P( X 0) 0.04
n
0
n 0
0.26 1 0.26 0.04
0
ln 0.04
n
ln 0.74
0.74
0.04
6(ii)
Thus greatest n 10 .
n 10.6902
Let Y be the number of employees, out of 120, with excellent performance.
Y B 120, 0.04 Po 4.8 since n is large and np < 5.
6(iii)
P W 12 W 17
P W 12 W 17
P W 17
P 12 W 16 P W 16 P W 11
P W 16
P W 16
0.8929131955 0.1133314628
0.873 .
0.8929131955
The average number of incoming calls received per hour is constant throughout the
opening hours of the mall.
OR
The probability of 2 or more incoming calls received in a very short interval of
time is negligible.
Let X be the number of incoming calls received in an hour. X ~ Po 6.75 .
7(i)
7(ii)
P X 8 1 P X 7 0.364 (3sf) .
7(iii)
Required probability is P X 6 P X 7 P X 8
2
7(iv)
Y ~ Po 81 . So 81 , 9 .
4!
2!
4!
0.115 (3sf) .
2!
7(v)
0.6551 (4dp).
Let W be the number of busy days in 14 days.
W ~ B 14, P Y 90 ,that is, W ~ B 14, 0.14593 .
Required probability is
P W 2 P Y 90 0.29191 0.14593 0.0426 (3sf).
3
8(i)
19.5 0.413k
PZ
0.1
0.2424k
19.5 0.413k
1.282
0.2424k
8(ii)
9(a)
p 1 p
pk 1 k 1
, k 0, 1, 2, ..., n 1.
pk
n k
nk
p 1 p
k
n!
p
k 1 ! n k 1!
n!
(1 p)
k ! n k !
k !(n k )! p
(n k ) p
(shown)
(k 1)!(n k 1)!1 p (k 1)(1 p)
p
1
When n = 10 and p , if pk pk 1 , then k 1 1 ,
3
pk
1
10 k
8
3
1 10 k 2(k 1) 3k 8 k
2
3
k 1
3
Thus k = 3, 4, ., 9. So p3 p4 ... p10
8
Conversely, if pk pk 1 , then k .
3
Thus k = 0, 1, 2 . So, p0 p1 p2 p3 .
Since p3 is the greatest, therefore the most probable number of successes is 3.
4
9(b)(i)
9(b)(ii)
9(last
part)
10(i)
10(ii)
Let X be the no. of adults, out of 8, having some knowledge of a foreign language.
X B(8,0.3)
P( X 2) 0.552 (3 s.f.).
Let Y be the no. of adults, out of 400, having some knowledge of a foreign
language.
Y B(400, 0.3)
Since n = 400 is large, np 120 5 and nq 280 5 ,
Y ~ N(120 , 280 0.3) i.e Y ~ N(120, 84) approximately.
P( Y n) 0.9 P( Y n 0.5) 0.9 using continuity correction
From GC, when n 132, P(Y n 0.5) 0.89522 0.9
when n 133, P(Y n 0.5) 0.91369 0.9
Least value of n =133.
Let T be the no. of adults, out of 400, having some knowledge of the particular
foreign language. T B(400, 0.01)
Since n = 400 is large and np 4 5 , T ~ Po(4) approximately.
P (T 4) = 0.629 (3 s.f.).
Let X denote the demand for GreatRun tyres in a randomly chosen month.
X ~ Po(4)
Required prob. = P X 5 = 0.7851303874 = 0.785 (3 s.f.).
Using GC,
No. of tyres sold, x
0
1
2
3
4
5
10(iii)
10(v)
P(X = 1) = 0.07326
P(X = 2) = 0.14653
P(X = 3) = 0.19537
P(X = 4) = 0.19537
P X 5 = 0.37116
10(iv)
Prob.
P(X = 0) = 0.01832
P X N
Let A denote the number of months the garage was not able to meet monthly
5
P A 36 A 12
P A 12
P A 36
P A 12
P A 35.5
P A 12.5
by continuity correction
0.015432
11(a)(i)
11(a)(ii
)
11(b)
11(c)
0.0154 (3 s.f.).
Let X denote the random variable for the number of demands per hour for a court
in this sports hall on a weekend. Then X Po(7.2)
P(courts are fully booked on a particular time slot on a Saturday)
P( X 6) 1 P( X 5) 0.7241025 0.724(shown).
Let Y denote the random variable for the number of hours on an entire weekend for
which the courts are fully booked. Then Y B(30, 0.7241025).
Since n 30 is large, np 21.723 5, n(1 p) 8.2769 5,
Y N(21.723, 5.9933) approximately.
P(the courts are fully booked for at least 20 randomly chosen hours on both Saturday
and Sunday of a particular week)
P(Y 20) P(Y 19.5) (by Continuity correction)
0.81807 0.818 (to 3 significant figures).
By plotting Y1 poissonpdf (21.6, x) in GC and using the Table function (as
below)
7.2
N 7.2,
approx .
52
P X 7 0.2954667 0.295
Alternative method:
6
X1 X 2
Po 374.4
X 52
Since 374.4 10 ,
X1 X 2
X 52
X X 2 X 52
P X 7 P 1
7
52
P X 1 X 2 X 52 364
11(d)(i)
11(d)(ii
)
12(a)(i)
12(a)(ii
)
12(b)(i)
12(b)(ii
)
13(i)
13(ii)
0.15
Since n 50 is large, by Central Limit Theorem, X N 0.15,
approx.
50
14(a)
4
5
P( X 1) 0.92
1 P( X 0) 0.92
P( X 0) 0.08
and p 15
4
5
14(b)
0.08
OR
n 11.3
Least value of n is 12.
X ~ B(8, 13 ) so E ( X ) 83 and Var ( X ) 16
9
By CLT, S ~ N ( 83 60,
15(i)
15(ii)
15(iii)
15(iv)
15(last
part)
16(i)
16(ii)
16(iii)
16(iv)
16 60)
9
or S ~ N (160,
320 )
3
From G.C,
Therefore the largest possible value of n is 11.
6.3
Since sample size = 50 is large, X ~ N (9, ) approx by Central Limit Theorem
50
P( X 10) 0.00242 .
Let X be the number of requests for cars on a particular day. X ~ Po(4)
Let Y be the number of requests for vans on a particular day. Y ~ Po(2)
Let T be the number of requests for vehicles on a particular day. T ~ Po(6)
prob.reqd P(T 11) 1 P(T 11) 0.0201 .
Either demand for a car or a van is not met. Thus
prob.reqd P( X 7 or Y 4) 1 P( X 7 and Y 4)
1 P( X 7) P(Y 4) 0.101.
The event in (i) is a subset of the event in (ii). Thus the value obtained in (i) will be
smaller.
(i)
Let n be the number of days needed. Assume that n is large. By Central
6
Limit Theorem, T ~ N 6, approx.
n
P(T 7) 0.001
76
PZ
0.001
6
n
P Z
0.999
6
n
3.09023 n 57.3
6
Thus least number of days required is 58.
Let X be the number of students who make enquiries at the Police Force's booth
1
(out of 25). X B(25, )
6
P( X 10) P( X 9) 0.99526 .
Method 1
Since n 60 is large, by Central Limit Theorem,
1 5
1 25 6 6
X N 25 , approximately.
60
6
25 125
i.e. X N ,
6 2160
Thus
17
17(i)
P 4 X 6 0.756 (3s.f.).
Method 2
1
B(1500, )
6
P(4 X 6) P(240 T 360) P(T 360) P(T 239)
0.76541 0.765 .
17(ii)
Let Y be the number of classes (out of 60) having 10 or more students making
enquiries at the Police Force's booth.
Y B(60,0.0047426)
Since n 60 large, np 0.28455 5 , Y P0 (0.28455) approximately.
Required Prob P(Y 2) 0.30459 0.305 .
17 (last Quota sampling.
part)
Disadvantage:
[1] Sample may be biased as the interviewers are allowed to select students who are
more approachable to fulfill the quota required.
[2] Sample may not be representative of the student cohort as the male to female
ratio may not be 2:3 as stated in the sample.
[3] Quota Sampling method is not random and as a result the sample may be biased
as interviewers are allowed to select the students in any manner to fulfill the quota.
Let T X 1 X 2 ... X 60