Wind Turbine Simulation

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James Phelan
B.E. Energy Systems Engineering
Progress Report
Final Year Project
Wind Turbine Simulator
EG460
19th December 2012
Supervisor: Prof. Ger Hurley
Co-Supervisor: Dr. Liam Kilmartin

Introduction

Decarbonisation of electricity in the Irish system will result in annual savings of over 13 million tonnes of CO2 by 2050. Eight million tonnes of this
will be derived directly from the implementation of smart grid. A further five million tonnes will come from the displacement of fossil fuels due to
the electrification of transport and thermal loads, facilitated by the smart grid. [1]
Greater integration of indigenous renewable energy sources will see a net reduction in energy imports of over 4.3 Mtoe, [equating to savings of
2.4 - 5.2bn in direct fuel offset by 2050] [1]
Overall annual electrical final energy demand will be in excess of 48,000 GWh by 2050 with a corresponding peak demand of 9 GW. Onshore
wind generation will be able to supply up to 33,000 GWh of the total demand. [1]

The above three quotations are taken directly from the SEAI, (Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland) Smart Grid Roadmap to 2050. They help to
highlight a global problem. The human contribution to CO2 levels in the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels needs to be reduced
dramatically. Added to the problem of global warming is the fact that oil reserves are shrinking rapidly with corresponding rises in oil prices and
therefore oil derived electrical power.
Part of the solution to the above problems is the implementation of intelligent power delivery systems or Smart Grid.
A Smart Grid is an electricity network that can cost efficiently integrate the behaviour and actions of all users connected to it, generators,
consumers and those that do both, in order to ensure an economically efficient, sustainable power system with low losses and high levels of
quality and security of supply and safety. [2]
Part of the solution to the above problems is the increased use of renewable energy sources. Ireland is ideally situated to take advantage of its
location in the north-east Atlantic. The mean annual wind speed along most of the west coast of Ireland is 7m/s.
The SEAI estimates that by 2050, 33,000 GWh will be provided by onshore wind generation.
The aim of this project is to simulate a wind turbine and its associated voltage output converter. This is part of a larger project to create a
simulation of a Smart Grid system for an individual house or a building on an island.

Review of the main approaches in the literature

The following are some of the papers which were consulted during the research phase of this project and which were particularly helpful.

Modelling of the Wind Turbine with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Integration.
Ming Yin, Student Member, IEEE, Gengyin Li, Member, IEEE, Ming Zhou, Member, IEEE, Chengyong Zhao, Member, IEEE
This paper demonstrates a dynamic modelling of a variable speed pitch wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG).

Dynamic Models for Wind Turbines and Wind Power Plants.

Mohit Singh, Surya Santoso, (principal Investigator), The University of Texas at Austin.
NREL.(National Laboratory of the US Department of energy)
This publication addresses the need for manufacturer-independent generic modelling of wind turbines. It deals with Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 and
Type 4 turbines. Type 4 being a Full-converter Wind Turbine Generator with Permanent Magnets, which is of particular interest for this project

Output Power Maximisation of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Stand-alone Wind Turbine.
T.Tafticht,K.Agbossou,SeniorMember,IEEE,A.Cheriti,MemberIEEE,andM.L.Doumbia,MemberIEEE Institut de recherche sur l'hydrogene,
Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivieres, (QC), G9A 5H7, Canada. E-mail: tahar.taftichtwuqtr.ca
In order to achieve the maximum power control of a wind turbine across a wide range of wind speeds, a dynamic modelling and simulation of a
wind turbine system with battery storage including wind disturbances is presented in this paper.

Motor and Generator

The physical model will be implemented using a DC Shunt motor driving a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG).
MatLab SimPowerSystems has been used to model the DC Shunt Motor and the PMSG.
This has been the most time consuming part of the project so far as I had no previous experience of SimPowerSystems and very little
experience of Simulink.

MatLab model of DC Shunt Motor

A simple model of a DC shunt motor with a PWM driver circuit is shown in figure 1.
Motor RPM and Current are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively.
By varying the pulse width the speed can be varied.

FIGURE 1 MATLAB MODEL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR WITH PWM DRIVE.

FIGURE 2 DC SHUNT MOTOR RPM PLOT

FIGURE 3 DC SHUNT MOTOR CURRENT

MatLab Model of Wind Turbine with PMSG

Figure 4 shows a MatLab SymPowerSystems model of a wind turbine driving a PMSG.

The Wind Turbine is started initially with a step function fed to its speed reference input to bring it up to speed.
As the output frequency approaches 50Hz the reference switches to the PMSG output and stabilizes at 50HZ.

FIGURE 4 MATLAB MODEL OF WIND TURBINE WITH PMSG

FIGURE 5 PMSG GRAPHS, FROM TOP, STATOR CURRENT, STATOR VOLTAGE VS_Q, STATOR VOLTAGE VS_D, ROTOR SPEED AND
ELECTROMAGNETIC TORQUE TE.

FIGURE 6 PMSG 3-PHASE CURRENT AND VOLTAGE (TOP) OUTPUTS

MatLab Model of DC Shunt Motor with PMSG

Figure 7 shows a MatLab SymPowerSystems model of a PMSG driven by a DC Shunt motor.

This is representative of the physical model that will be built.

FIGURE 7 MATLAB MODEL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR WITH PMSG

FIGURE 8 PMSG GRAPHS, FROM TOP, STATOR CURRENT, STATOR VOLTAGE VS_Q, STATOR VOLTAGE VS_D, ROTOR SPEED AND
ELECTROMAGNETIC TORQUE TE.

FIGURE 9 PMSG 3-PHASE CURRENT AND VOLTAGE (TOP) OUTPUTS

System Control

The system will be controlled using the Arduino UNO microcontroller.

The Arduino UNO may be controlled via MatLab depending on the final requirements of the system.

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