CBSE Chemistry IX Matter in our surrounding

Chemistry solved questions

Q.1 Camphor disapperars without leaving any residue. Explain?
Ans. Camphor disappears without leaving any residue because of sublimation, as it changes its
state
directly from solid to gas without changing to liquid.
Q.2 Why do we feel cool when we touch a piece of ice?
Ans. We feel cool because the temperature of ice is 0 deg C and our bodys temp is higher than 0
deg C.
Q.3 Convert the following:a) 573 K
Ans. 573-273= 300 deg C
b) 36 deg C
Ans. 273+36 = 309 K
c) 373 deg C
Ans. 373+273= 646 K
Q.4 Both the process of evaporation and boiling involves the change of state from liquid to gas
but still
they are different from each other. Justify.
Ans. Evaporation is diffeent from boiling as evaporation is a natural phenomenon, occurs on the
surface
of the water and also it is a slow process whereas boiling is an artificial phenomenon , it occurs in
the bulk
of the liquid and is a fast process.
Q.5 Why is Kelvin considered as the best scale for measuring the temperature?
Ans. Kelvin is the best scale for measuring the temperature because it has no max temp. and it
can
measure temperature to any extent.
Q.6 How can you show that evaporation causes cooling?
Ans. When we put some acetone on our hand , after sometime we will feel coolness on our hand
because
the action absorbs kinetic energy from our hand & evaporates and evaporation causes cooling.
Q.7 What is the significance of boiling point & melting point of a substance?
Ans. The significance of boiling point and melting point is that it shows the purity of the
substance.
Q.8 When we put CuSO4 in water, after sometime we find the soln. turns blue. Why? Also, on
heating it,
what change will occur?
Ans. The solution turns blue because of diffusion. On heating the solution nothing will happen
Q.9 How can you justify that table is a solid?
Ans. When we apply force on the table it doesnt change its shape because its intermolecules are
tightly
packed , this shows that table is solid.
Q.10 Arrange the following in decreasing order of force of attraction: Water, Salt, Oxygen,

Also, state the reason.

Ans. Salt, Water, Oxygen
Salt has the maximum force of attraction as it is a solid, followed by water as it is a liquid.
Oxygen
is a gas so its force of attraction is the least.
Q. 11 State characteristics of matter demonstrated by :
a) diffusion
Ans. Diffusion involves movement of different particles so that they become intermixed uniformly
.
b) Brownian motion
Ans.It is thwe zig-zag movement of the small particles suspended in a liquid or a gas .
Q.12 When an incense stick (agarbatti) is lighted in one corner of a room, its fragrance spreads
in the
whole room quickly.
Which characteristic of the particles of matter is illustrated by this observation?
Ans. Particles of matter are constantly moving.
Q.13 The boiling point of alcohol isn 78 deg C. What is this temperature on Kelvin scale?
Ans. K= Deg C + 273 = 78 + 273 = 351 K
Q. 14 The Kelvin scale temperature is 0 K. What is the corresponding Celsius scale temperature?
Ans. 273 deg C
Q. 15 What is Latent Heat of Fusion?
Ans. The latent heat of fusion (or melting) of a solid is the quanity of heat in joules required to
convert 1
kilogram of the solid (at its melting point ) to liquid, without any change in temperature.
Q. 16 Define latent heat of Vaporisation?
Ans. The latent heatm of vaporisation of a liquid is the quantity of heat in joules required to
convert 1
kilogram of the liquid (at its boiling point ) to vapour or gas, without any change in temperature.

MCQ 9th science Matter In Our Surroundings MCQ

1. Camphor is purified by the process of
a. evaporation b. distillation c. sublimation d. filtration
2. LPG is used in the kitchens in our homes in thea. Solid form b. compressed form c. gaseous form d. none.

MATER IN OUR SURONDING DEFINATIONS

Matter:
matter is commonly defined as the substance of which physical objects are composed, not
counting the contribution of various energy or force-fields, which are not usually considered to
be matter per se (though they may contribute to the mass of objects). Matter constitutes much
of the observable universe, although again, light is not ordinarily considered matter.
Unfortunately, for scientific purposes, "matter" is somewhat loosely defined. It can also be
defined as a physical substance that has mass and volume.
Volume:
The volume of a solid object is the three-dimensional concept of how much space it occupies,
often quantified numerically. One-dimensional figures (such as lines) and two-dimensional
shapes (such as squares) are assigned zero volume in the three-dimensional space.
Mass:
Mass is a fundamental concept in physics, roughly corresponding to the intuitive idea of "how
much matter there is in an object". Mass is a central concept of classical mechanics and related
subjects, and there are several definitions of mass within the framework of relativistic kinematics
(see mass in special relativity and mass in General Relativity). In the theory of relativity, the
quantity invariant mass, which in concept is close to the classical idea of mass, does not vary
between single observers in different reference frames
Diffusion:
In the second sense of diffusion is the spontaneous net movement of particles from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. For
example, diffusing molecules will move randomly between areas of high and low concentration
but because there are more molecules in the high concentration region, more molecules will
leave the high concentration region than the low concentration one. Therefore, there will be a
net movement of molecules from high to low concentration. Initially, a concentration gradient
leaves a smooth decrease in concentration from high to low which will form between the two
regions. As time progresses, the gradient will grow increasingly shallow until the concentrations
are equalized.

Force:
force is what causes a mass to accelerate. It may be experienced as a lift, a push, or a pull. The
acceleration of the body is proportional to the vector sum of all forces acting on it (known as net
force or resultant force). In an extended body, force may also cause rotation, deformation, or an
increase in pressure for the body. Rotational effects are determined by the torques, while
deformation and pressure are determined by the stresses that the forces create.
Pressure:
Pressure is the force per unit area applied on a surface in a direction perpendicular to that
surface.
Density:
density is mass (m) per unit volume (V) the ratio of the amount of matter in an object
compared to its volume. A small, heavy object, such as a rock or a lump of lead, is denser than
a larger object of the same mass, such as a piece of cork or foam.
Kinetic energy: The kinetic energy of an object is the extra energy which it possesses due to its
motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its
current velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this
kinetic energy unless its speed changes. Negative work of the same magnitude would be
required to return the body to a state of rest from that velocity.
Speed:
speed is a quantity that measures the ratio of an evolution to time. Example: speed of
sedimentation, speed of economic growth, speed of chemical reaction etc.
Melting point:
The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from
solid to liquid. Although the phrase would suggest a specific temperature and is commonly and
incorrectly used as such in most textbooks and literature, most crystalline compounds actually
melt over a range of a few degrees or less. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist
in equilibrium. When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it
is referred to as the freezing point.

Atmospheric pressure:
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure at any point in the Earth's atmosphere. In most
circumstances atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the hydrostatic pressure
caused by the weight of air above the measurement point. Low pressure areas have less
atmospheric mass above their location, whereas high pressure areas have more atmospheric
mass above their location. Similarly, as elevation increases there is less overlying atmospheric
mass, so that pressure decreases with increasing elevation. A column of air 1 square inch in
cross section, measured from sea level to the top of the atmosphere, would weigh
approximately 14.7 lbf. A 1 m (11 sq ft) column of air would weigh about 100 kilonewtons
(equivalent to a mass of 10.2 tonnes at the surface).

Latent heat:
Latent heat is the amount of energy in the form of heat released or absorbed by a substance
during a change of phase (i.e. solid, liquid, or gas), - also called a phase transition.
Vaporisation:
Evaporation is the process by which molecules in a liquid state (e.g. water) spontaneously
become gaseous (e.g. water vapor). It is the opposite of condensation. Generally, evaporation
can be seen by the gradual disappearance of a liquid, when exposed to a significant volume of
gas.

Matter in our surrounding notes for class 9th

MatterinoursurroundingExplanatorynotes
Introduction:
Everythinginthisuniverseismadeupofmaterialwhichscientistshavenamedmatter.Theairwe
breathe,thefoodweeat,stones,clouds,stars,plantsandanimals,evenasmalldropofwateroraparticle
ofsandeachthingismatter.
EarlyIndianphilosophersclassifiedmatterintheformoffivebasicelementsair,earth,fire,skyand
water.
Moderndayscientistshaveevolvedtwotypesofclassificationofmatterbasedontheirphysical
propertiesandchemicalnature.
CharacteristicsofParticlesofMatter
1.PARTICLESOFMATTERHAVESPACEBETWEENTHEMwhenwemaketea,coffeeor
lemonade(nimbupaani),particlesofonetypeofmattergetintothespacesbetweenparticlesoftheother.
Thisshowsthatthereisenoughspacebetweenparticlesofmatter.Similarlyparticlesofsugar,salt,
Dettol,orpotassiumpermanganategetevenlydistributedinwater.
2.PARTICLESOFMATTERARECONTINUOUSLYMOVINGParticlesofmatterarecontinuously
moving,thatis,theypossesswhatwecallthekineticenergy.Asthetemperaturerises,particlesmove
faster.So,wecansaythatwithincreaseintemperaturethekineticenergyoftheparticlesalsoincreases.
3.PARTICLESOFMATTERATTRACTEACHOTHERParticlesofmatterhaveforceactingbetween
them.Thisforcekeepstheparticlestogether.Thestrengthofthisforceofattractionvariesfromonekind
ofmattertoanother.
StatesofMatter
1.THESOLIDSTATEallsolidshaveadefiniteshape,distinctboundariesandfixedvolumes,thatis,
havenegligiblecompressibility.Solidshaveatendencytomaintaintheirshapewhensubjectedtooutside
force.Solidsmaybreakunderforcebutitisdifficulttochangetheirshape,sotheyarerigid.
2.THELIQUIDSTATELiquidshavenofixedshapebuthaveafixedvolume.Theytakeuptheshape
ofthecontainerinwhichtheyarekept.Liquidsflowandchangeshape,sotheyarenotrigidbutcanbe
calledfluid.Therateofdiffusionofliquidsishigherthanthatofsolids.Thisisduetothefactthatinthe
liquidstate,particlesmovefreelyandhavegreaterspacebetweeneachotherascomparedtoparticlesin
thesolidstate.
3.THEGASEOUSSTATEGasesarehighlycompressibleascomparedtosolidsandliquids.The
liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG)cylinderthatwegetinourhomeforcookingortheoxygensuppliedto

hospitalsincylindersiscompressedgas.Inthegaseousstate,theparticlesmoveaboutrandomlyathigh
speed.Duetothisrandommovement,theparticleshiteachotherandalsothewallsofthecontainer.
MatterCanChangeitsStateWatercanexistinthreestatesofmatter
Solid,asice,
Liquid,asthefamiliarwater,and
Gas,aswatervapour.
EFFECTOFCHANGEOFTEMPERATURE
Onincreasingthetemperatureofsolids,thekineticenergyoftheparticlesincreases.Duetotheincrease
inkineticenergy,theparticlesstartvibratingwithgreaterspeed.Theenergysuppliedbyheatovercomes
theforcesofattractionbetweentheparticles.Theparticlesleavetheirfixedpositionsandstartmoving
morefreely.Astageisreachedwhenthesolidmeltsandisconvertedtoaliquid.Thetemperatureat
whichasolidmeltstobecomealiquidattheatmosphericpressureiscalleditsmeltingpoint.
Themeltingpointoficeis273.16K.Theprocessofmelting,thatis,changeofsolidstateintoliquidstate
isalsoknownasfusion.
Solidheat>Liquidheat>Gas
<cool<cool
So,weinferthatthestateofmattercanbechangedintoanotherstatebychangingthetemperature.
EFFECTOFCHANGEOFPRESSURE
Increasingordecreasingthepressurecanchangethestateofmatter.Applyingpressureandreducing
temperaturecanliquefygases.
Foranexample,Solidcarbondioxide(CO2)isstoredunderhighpressure.SolidCO2getsconverted
directlytogaseousstateondecreaseofpressureto1atmosphere*withoutcomingintoliquidstate.This
isthereasonthatsolidcarbondioxideisalsoknownasdryice.
Thus,wecansaythatpressureandtemperaturedeterminethestateofasubstance,whetheritwillbe
solid,liquidorgas.
Evaporation
Particlesofmatterarealwaysmovingandareneveratrest.Atagiventemperatureinanygas,liquidor
solid,thereareparticleswithdifferentamountsofkineticenergy.Inthecaseofliquids,asmallfraction
ofparticlesatthesurface,havinghigherkineticenergy,isabletobreakawayfromtheforcesofattraction
ofotherparticlesandgetsconvertedintovapour.Thisphenomenonofchangeofaliquidintovapoursat
anytemperaturebelowitsboilingpointiscalledevaporation.
FACTORSAFFECTINGEVAPORATION
Therateofevaporationincreaseswith

Anincreaseofsurfacearea:Weknowthatevaporationisasurfacephenomenon.Ifthesurfaceareais
increased,therateofevaporationincreases.Forexample,whileputtingclothesfordryingupwespread
themout.
Anincreaseoftemperature:Withtheincreaseoftemperature,morenumberofparticlesgetenough
kineticenergytogointothevapourstate.
Adecreaseinhumidity:Humidityistheamountofwatervapourpresentinair.Theairarounduscannot
holdmorethanadefiniteamountofwatervapouratagiventemperature.Iftheamountofwaterinairis
alreadyhigh,therateofevaporationdecreases.
Anincreaseinwindspeed:Itisacommonobservationthatclothesdryfasteronawindyday.Withthe
increaseinwindspeed,theparticlesofwatervapourmoveawaywiththewind,decreasingtheamountof
watervapourinthesurrounding.
HOWDOESEVAPORATIONCAUSECOOLING?
Inanopenvessel,theliquidkeepsonevaporating.Theparticlesofliquidabsorbenergyfromthe
surroundingtoregaintheenergylostduringevaporation.Thisabsorptionofenergyfromthesurroundings
makethesurroundingscold.
Afterahotsunnyday,peoplesprinklewaterontherooforopengroundbecausethelargelatentheatof
vaporisationofwaterhelpstocoolthehotsurface.
Whyshouldwewearcottonclothesinsummer?
Duringsummer,weperspiremorebecauseofthemechanismofourbodywhichkeepsuscool.Weknow
thatduringevaporation,theparticlesatthesurfaceoftheliquidgainenergyfromthesurroundingsor
bodysurfaceandchangeintovapour.Theheatenergyequaltothelatentheatofvaporisationisabsorbed
fromthebodyleavingthebodycool.Cotton,beingagoodabsorberofwaterhelpsinabsorbingthesweat
andexposingittotheatmosphereforeasyevaporation.
Whydoweseewaterdropletsontheoutersurfaceofaglasscontainingicecoldwater?
Letustakesomeicecoldwaterinatumbler.Verysoonweseewaterdropletsontheoutersurfaceofthe
tumbler.Thewatervapourpresentinair,oncomingincontactwiththecoldglassofwater,losesenergy
andgetsconvertedtoliquidstate,whichweseeaswaterdroplets.

Top concepts
1. Anything that occupies space and has mass is known as matter.
2. Matter is not continuous but rather consists of large number of particles.
3. Characteristics of Particle
a.

Large number of particles constitutes matter.

b.

Particles of matter are very small in size.

c.

Particles of matter have spaces between them

d.

Particles of matter are continuously moving

4. Solids have definite shape, distinct boundaries and fixed volume
5. Liquids have fixed volume but no fixed shape.
6. Gases neither have fixed shape nor volume.
7. Solids possess least compressibility.
8. Liquids possess higher compressibility than solids.
9. Gases possess highest compressibility as compared to solids and liquids.
10. The process in which a solid changes to liquid state by absorbing heat at constant
temperature is called fusion.
11. The temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is
called as melting point.
12. SI unit of temperature is Kelvin. T (K)= T (oC) +273
13. The hidden heat which breaks the force of attraction between the molecules during change
of state is called latent heat.
14. Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to change 1kg of solid into liquid
at its melting point.
15. The melting point of a solid is an indication of the strength of the force of attraction between
its particles.
16. The temperature at which a liquid changes to solid by giving out heat at atmospheric
pressure is called freezing point.
17. The temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at the atmospheric pressure is known as
boiling point.
18. Latent heat of vaporization is the heat energy required to change 1kg of liquid to gas
at atmospheric pressure at its boiling point.
19. Boiling is a bulk phenomenon.
20. The phenomenon of change of a liquid into its gaseous state at any temperature below its
boiling point is known as evaporation.
21. In evaporation, the conversion of liquid to gaseous state occurs at a much slower rate,
compared to boiling.
22. Evaporation takes place only at the surface of the liquid while boiling can take place in all

parts of the liquid.

23. Evaporation is surface phenomenon
24. Boiling is a bulk phenomena
25. The amount of water vapour present in the air is called humidity.
26. Evaporation is a continuous or ongoing process.
27. Evaporation causes cooling.
28. The process of evaporation of water from the aerial parts of plants especially leaves is
known as transpiration.
29. The rate of evaporation is affected by the surface area exposed to
atmosphere, temperature, humidity and wind speed.
30. Since evaporation is a surface phenomenon, therefore, it increases with an increase
in surface area
31. Evaporation increases with an increase in temperature.
32. Evaporation decreases with an increase in humidity
33. Evaporation increases with the increase in wind speed
34. The process in which a gas changes into liquid state by giving out heat at constant
temperature is called condensation.

9th Sample Guess Extra score solved paper Matter

in Our Surroundings
Class IX, Chemistry Solved Questions Chapter 1: Matter in Our Surroundings
1. what are the states of Matter around us?
Ans The matter around us exists in three states solid, liquid and gas.
2. In which state of matter there will be maximum force of attraction between particles?
Ans. The maximum forces of attraction between the particles will be in Solid state.
3. In which state of matter there will be maximum kinetic energy of the particles?
Ans The maximum kinetic energy of the particles will be in gaseous state of matter.
4.What do you mean by Sublimation
Ans Sublimation is the change of gaseous state directly to solid state without going through
liquid state, and vice versa.
5. What do you mean by Latent heat of vaporization?
Ans Latent heat of vaporization is the heat energy required to change1 kg of a liquid to gas at
atmospheric pressure at its boiling point.
6. What do you mean by Latent heat of fusion?
Ans Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to change 1 kg of solid into

liquid at its melting point.

7. In which unit pressure is measured?
Ans. Pascal.
8. Convert the 5730 K temperatures to the Celsius scale.
Ans 573-273=3000 Celsius.
9. What is the physical state of water a 250 C?
Ans Liquid state.
10. What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam and why?
Ans Steam as it also has energy of latent heat of vaporization.
11. What is the unit of measurement of volume?
Ans cubic metre.
12. What are the Characteristics of Particles of Matter?
Ans Particles of matter have space between them, particles of matter attract each other and
particles of matter are continuously in movement.
13. Arrange the following substances in increasing order of forces of attraction between the
particles water, sugar, oxygen?
Ans Oxygen water sugar.
15. Why should we wear cotton clothes in summer?
Ans During summer, we perspire more. And as we know that during evaporation, the particles at
the surface of the liquid gain energy from the surroundings or body surface and change into
vapour. The heat energy equal to the latent heat of vaporization is absorbed from the body
leaving the body cool. Cotton, being a good absorber of water helps in absorbing the sweat and
exposing it to the atmosphere for easy evaporation.

Class IX, Chemistry Solved Questions- Chapter 1: Matter in Our Surroundings

1: Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold drink, smell of perfume.
Ans: Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter.
Matter can exist in three physical statessolid, liquid, and gaseous.
Chair and almond are forms of matter in the solid state.
Cold drink is a liquid state of matter.
Air and smell of perfume are gaseous states of matter.

2: Give reasons for the following observation:

The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several meters away, but to get the smell from cold
food you have to go close.
Ans: Solids diffuse at a very slow rate. But, if the temperature of the solid is increased, then the
rate of diffusion of the solid particles into air increases. This is due to an increase in the kinetic
energy of solid particles. Hence, the smell of hot sizzling food reaches us even at a distance, but
to get the smell from cold food we have to go close.
3. A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does this
observation show?
Ans : The ability of a diver to cut through water in a swimming pool shows that matter is made
up of particles. and having space between them
4. What are the characteristics of particles of matter?
Ans: The characteristics of particles of matter are:
(i) Particles of matter have spaces between them.
(ii) Particles of matter are continuously moving.
(iii) Particles of mater attract each other.
5. The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density (density = mass/volume). Arrange
the following in order of increasing density
air, exhaust from chimney, honey, water, chalk, cotton, and iron
Ans: The given substances in the increasing order of their densities can be represented as:
Air < Exhaust from chimney < Cotton < Water < Honey < Chalk < Iron
6. Give reasons:
(a) A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
(b) A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.
(c) A wooden table should be called a solid.
(d) We can easily move our hand in air, but to do the same through a solid block of wood, we
need a karate expert.

Ans:
(a) There is little attraction between particles of gas. Thus, gas particles move freely in all
directions. Therefore, gas completely fills the vessel in which it is kept.
(b) Particles of gas move randomly in all directions at high speed. As a result, the particles hit
each other and also hit the walls of the container with a force. Therefore, gas exerts pressure on
the walls of the container.
(c) A wooden table has a definite shape and volume. It is very rigid and cannot be compressed
i.e., it has the characteristics of a solid. Hence, a wooden table should be called a solid.
(d) Particles of air have large spaces between them. On the other hand, wood has little space
between its particles. Also, it is rigid. For this reason, we can easily move our hands in air, but to
do the same through a solid block of wood, we need a karate expert.

7. Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But you must have observed that
ice floats on water. Find out why.
Ans.: The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density (density = mass/volume). As the
volume of a substance increases, its density decreases.
Though ice is a solid, it has large number of empty spaces between its particles. These spaces are
larger as compared to the spaces present between the particles of water. Thus, the volume of ice
is greater than that of water. Hence, the density of ice is less than that of water. A substance with
lower density than water can float on water. Therefore, ice floats on water.
8. What is the physical state of water at:(a) 250C (b) 100C
Ans. (a) Water at 250C exists in gaseous state.
(b) At 100C, water can exist in both liquid and gaseous form. At this temperature, after getting
the heat equal to the latent heat of vaporization, water starts changing from liquid state to
gaseous state.
9. For any substance, why does the temperature remain constant during the change of state?
Ans. During a change of state, the temperature remains constant. This is because all the heat
supplied to increase the temperature is utilised in changing the state by overcoming the forces of
attraction between the particles. Therefore, this heat does not contribute in increasing the
temperature of the substance.
10. What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam?
Ans: Steam has more energy than boiling water. It possesses the additional latent heat of
vaporization. Therefore, burns produced by steam are more severe than those produced by
boiling water.

11. Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day?
Ans: In a desert cooler, the water inside it is made to evaporate. This leads to absorption of
energy from the surroundings, thereby cooling the surroundings.
On a hot dry day, the amount of water vapour present in air is less. Thus, water present inside the
desert cooler evaporates more, thereby cooling the surroundings more. That is why a desert
cooler cools better on a hot dry day.
12: Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it?
Ans:When we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on our palm, it evaporates. During
evaporation, particles of the liquid absorb energy from the surrounding or the surface of the palm
to compensate for the loss of energy, making the surroundings cool. Hence, our palm feels cold
when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it.
13. Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer than a cup?
Ans:A liquid has a larger surface area in a saucer than in a cup. Thus, it evaporates faster and
cools faster in a saucer than in a cup. For this reason, we are able to sip hot tea or milk faster
from a saucer than a cup.
14.. What type of clothes should we wear in summers?
Ans: We should wear cotton clothes in summers. During summers, we sweat more. On the other
hand, cotton is a good absorber of water. Thus, it absorbs sweat from our body and exposes the
liquid to the atmosphere, making evaporation faster. During this evaporation, particles on the
surface of the liquid gain energy from our body surface, making the body cool.
15.Give reason for the following observations.
(a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid.
(b) We can get the smell of perfume sitting several metres away.
Ans: (a) Naphthalene undergoes sublimation easily i.e., the change of state of naphthalene from
solid to gas takes place easily. Thus, naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any
solid.
(b) Gaseous particles possess high speed and large spaces between them. Particles of perfume
diffuse into these gaseous particles at a very fast rate and reach our nostrils. This enables us to
smell the perfume from a distance.
16. What is the physical state of water at (a) 25C (b) 0C (c) 100C

Ans: (a) Water at 25C is present in the liquid state.

(b) At 0 C, water can exist as both solid and liquid. At this temperature, after getting the heat
equal to the latent heat of fusion, the solid form of water i.e., ice starts changing into its liquid
form i.e., water.
(c) At 100 C, water can exist as both liquid and gas. At this temperature, after getting the heat
equal to the latent heat of vaporization, water starts changing from its liquid state to its gaseous
state, i.e., water vapors.

17.. Give two reasons to justify

(a) water at room temperature is a liquid.
(b) an iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.
Ans (a) At room temperature (25 C), water is a liquid because it has the following characteristic
of liquid:
(i) At room temperature, water has no shape but has a fixed volume that is, it occupies the shape
of the container in which it is kept.
(ii) At room temperature, water flows.
(b) An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature (25 C) because:
(i) it has a definite shape and volume like a solid at room temperature.
(ii) it is rigid as solid at room temperature.

18. Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature?
Ans: Ice at 273 K has less energy than water (although both are at the same temperature). Water
possesses the additional latent heat of fusion. Hence, at 273 K, ice is more effective in cooling
than water.

Matter in Our Surroundings Class IX- Chemistry

Questions Banks-1
Chemistry Adda Class IX, Chemistry Questions Banks
Chapter 1: Matter in Our Surroundings
1. What is the normal room temperature? [1]
2. Are the melting point of the solid state and the freezing point of the liquid state of a substance
different? [1]
3. A certain substance A cannot be compressed but takes up the shape of any container in which it
is placed. What is the physical state of 'A'? [1]
4. A rubber band changes its shape when stretched. Can it be regarded as solid? [1]
5. What are volatile liquids? [1]
6. Which scale of measuring the temperature is the best? [1]
7. Define diffusion [1]
8. Is matter continuous or particulate? [1]
9. What are the factors on which evaporation depends? [1]
10. Define humidity. [1]
11. Define evaporation. [1]
12. Write the full form of L.P.G. & C.N.G. [1]
13. Why do the states of matter differ? [1]
14. Define melting point. [1]
15. Inspite of being solid, a sponge is compressible. Comment. [1]
16. What are the factors that determine the state of a substance? [2]
17. Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone, petrol or perfume on it? [2]
18. Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But ice floats on water. Why?[2]
19. Why do we sweat on a humid day? [2]
20. Why do solids generally lack the property of diffusion? [2]
21. How will you demonstrate that air contains water vapour ? [2]
22. Can matter change its state? State the conditions under which it changes. [2]
23. Why do we see water droplets on the outer surface of a glass containing ice-cold water? [2]
24. Explain why there is no rise in temperature of water when it starts boiling although it is still
being heated. [2]
25. What is dry ice? Why it is known so? [2]

Chapter 1: Matter in Our Surroundings Class IX, CBSE TEST PAPER-02

1. If you decrease the surface area and increase the temperature, then the rate of
evaporation
(a) Increase (b) decrease (c) remain same (d) may increase or decrease depending
upon other factors
2. 300k will have its corresponding temperature in degree centigrade as:(a) 300c (b) 3000c (c) 270c (d) 6730c
3. Liquid to gas and gas to liquid changes are called:(a) vaporization and condensation
(b) condensation and vaporization
(c) sublimation and condensation
(d) condensation and sublimation
4. Physical state of water at 250c, 00c and 1000c is respectively
(a) liquid, solid and gas
(b) solid, liquid and gas
(c) solid, gas and liquid
(d) gas, solid and liquid
5. What happens when the temperature of the solids increase ?
6. When heat is being supplied to a solid, then what does the heat energy do to the
particles of solid?
7. Why is it that on increasing the wind speed the rate of evaporation increases ?
8. Why do we say that evaporation is a surface phenomenon?
9. What is the state of inter particle distance inside a solid, liquid and gas?
10. Why it is that to smell cold food, we have to go close but smell of hot food
reaches us several meters away?
11. Why is it that a wooden chair should be called a solid and not a
liquid?
12. Give an experiment to show that ammonium chloride undergoes
sublimation.
CBSE TEST PAPER-02 CLASS - IX Science
(Matter in our surrounding) [ANSWERS]
Ans 01. (c)
Ans 02. (c)
Ans 03. (a)
Ans 04. (a)
Ans 05. When temperature of the solid is increased, kinetic energy of the particles
increases as results particles vibrates more freely with greater speed. They overcome
the force of attraction between the particles and start moving more freely.
Ans06. The heat supplied to the solid, helps the particles to overcome the forces of
attraction between them and increases their kinetic energy, as a result of which
particle break free the forces of attraction and changes to liquid state.
Ans07. When the speed of wind increases, then they blow away with them the water
vapour in the air and as results evaporation will increase because the surrounding air
will be able to receive more vapours and hence evaporation increases.
Ans 08. Evaporation is called a surface phenomenon because only particles of the
surface of liquid gains energy and changes into vapors.

Ans09. In solids, the particles are very close to each other and are bonded by strong
forces of attraction so inter particle distance is least.
In liquid, the particles are far away from each other and are bonded by weak forces
of attraction, so inter particle distance is large.
In gases, particles are very far apart from each other and are bonded by very weak
forces of attraction so, inter particle distance is a largest.
Ans10. In hot food, the particles are at high temperature so quickly changes to
vapour and hence the vapours have greater kinetic energy so travel faster and travel
to far off distances. Whereas in cold food, because of temperature being low,
particles do not change to vapour state and hence cannot travel faster so the smell
does not reaches to a
Person sitting far away.
Ans11. A wooden chair should be called a solid not a liquid because the particles of
wooden chair are very close to each other, it has negligible compressibility and it
maintains its shape when subjective to outside force.
Ans12. Experiment to show that ammonium chloride (NH4Cl ) undergoes
sublimation:(a) Take an inverted funnel and inside it china dish with crystal of ammonium
chloride (NH4Cl).
(b) Heat the crystals with the help of a burner.
(c) As soon as the crystal is heated, we observe the vapors of NH4Cl and the
solidified Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) along the walls at the upper end of the
beaker.
(d) This shows that solid ammonium chloride does not undergo liquid state but
directly changes to vapour state which them solidifies i.e. it undergoes sublimation
(solid changes directly to gases without undergoing liquid state).

Class IX, Chemistry Questions Paper: Chapter 1: Matter in Our Surroundings

Q1: Convert 570 K into Celsius scale. (1 mark)
Q2: What is humidity? (1 mark)
Q3: Give reasons:
a. The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several meters away, but to get the smell from cold
food you have to go close.
b. A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. (2 mark)
Q4: Which phenomenon occurs during the following changes? (2 mark)
a. Size of naphthalene ball decreases
b. Drying of clothes
Q5: Define the following (3 mark)
a. Condensation
b. Latent heat of fusion c. freezing
Q6: Explain why gases are easily compressible as compared to liquids and solids. (3 mark)
Q7: Why do plants require more leaves during summer? (3 mark)
Q8: List any four factors on which evaporation depends? Explain in short any three factors. (5
marks)
Solution:
Ans 1: Temperature in oC = Temperature in Kelvin -273 (1/2mark)
Therefore, Temperature in oC = 570 K -273= 297 oC (1/2 mark)
Ans 2: Presence of water vapour in air is called humidity. (1 mark)
Ans 3:
a. The particles of hot sizzling food have more kinetic energy and thus diffuse rapidly in the air
as compared to cold food which possesses less kinetic energy. (1 mark)
b. Particles of water contain spaces between them. Hence a diver is easily able to cut through
water in a swimming pool (1 mark)
Ans 4: a. Sublimation (1 mark)
b. Evaporation (1 mark)
Ans 5: a. Condensation: Process in which a gas changes into liquid state by giving out heat at
constant temperature is called Condensation. (1 mark)
b. Latent heat of fusion: It is the amount of heat energy required to change 1 kg of solid into
liquid at its melting point. (1 mark)
c. Freezing: Process in which a liquid changes into solid by giving out heat at constant
temperature is called Freezing. (1 mark)

Ans 6: Gases are easily compressible because they have weak forces of attraction between the
molecules and have more intermolecular space. (1 mark)
In liquids there is a stronger force of attraction between the molecules and less intermolecular
space as compared to gases. Hence, they are not as easily compressible as compared to gases. (1
mark)
In solids forces of attraction among molecules is strongest as compared to both liquids and gases.
Further intermolecular space is least as compared to liquids and gases. Hence, they are least
compressible as compared to gases and liquids. (1 mark)
Ans7: Evaporation of water from leaves of plants is called transpiration. Transpiration helps the
plants to keep themselves cool. During summers as the temperature increases more transpiration
takes place in order to keep themselves cool. Therefore, more leaves are required for
transpiration. Hence, plants acquire more leaves during summer. (3 marks)
Ans8: The rate of evaporation depends on following factors:
1) Surface area exposed to atmosphere (1/2 mark)
2) Temperature (1/2 mark)
3) Humidity (1/2 mark)
4) Wind speed (1/2 mark)
1) Surface area exposed to atmosphere: Since evaporation is a surface phenomenon, therefore, it
increases with an increase in surface area. (1 mark)
2) Humidity: The air around us cannot hold more than a definite amount of water vapour at a
given temperature. If the amount of water in air is already high, the rate of evaporation
decreases. So, evaporation decreases with increase in humidity. (1 mark)
3) Wind speed: With the increase in wind speed, the particles of water vapour move away with
the wind, decreasing the amount of water vapour in the surroundings. This results in a faster rate
of evaporation. So, evaporation increases with the increase in wind speed. (1 mark)