Lec-12

Electrical Machines, B.Sc. Electrical Engineering

Lecture Objectives
X-Tics & Speed Control of DC Series Motor
X-Tics & Speed Control of Compound Motor
Dynamic & Plugging Electrical Braking
Numerical Problems

Engr. Riaz Ahmad Rana, Assistant Professor, FOE, UCP

Applications: Electric traction, Cranes, Elevators,

Air-compressors, Vacuum cleaners, Hair dryers,
Sewing machines, etc.
Induced Torque

DC Series Motor
K is machine constant that depends on poles, number
of conductors and parallel paths.
As flux in this machine is directly proportional to its
armature current (at least until metal saturates),
therefore = KcI A where c is a constant of
proportionality.
Applying KVL:
V T = E A + I A (R A + R S )
Field Windings
Connected in series with the armature.
Field & armature carry the same current.
As the high current has to pass through filed, so
the cross section of the field must be greater than
that of the field winding of shunt motor.
Small number of turns of thick wire with low
resistance.
Page 1 of 6

Lec-12

Electrical Machines, B.Sc. Electrical Engineering

Engr. Riaz Ahmad Rana, Assistant Professor, FOE, UCP

Load-Torque (Ta / Ia) X-Tics

of DC Series Motor
Ta Ia
Flux is proportional to Ia
Ta I2a

Torque-Speed (Ta/N) Characteristics

Load-Speed (Ia/N) Characteristics

N Eb /
N [V I a (R a + R se )] /
If Ia, [V I a (R a + R se ) , N 1/Ia
As Ta Ia
N 1 / Ta

N Eb /
N [V I a (R a + R se )] /
Ia, [V I a (R a + R se ) , N 1 / Ia
Flux is proportional to armature current,
N 1 / I2 a

Page 2 of 6

Lec-12

Electrical Machines, B.Sc. Electrical Engineering

Speed Control of DC Series Motor

By Field Diverter

Engr. Riaz Ahmad Rana, Assistant Professor, FOE, UCP

Speed Control of DC Series Motor

By Armature Resistance

N E b /
N = K (V IaRa - IaRse)/
A variable resistor connected in parallel with field to
control field current and flux
If FDR, I F , , N
N 1/FDR
Provides speed above the normal speed.
Lowest speed is obtained when the diverter is
open (FDR = infinity).

NEb/
If R , V , E b , N
N 1 / Ra
Most commonly used method for speed control
of series motors.
If terminal voltage is increased, the speed will
increase for any given torque.

Maximum speed is obtained when diverter is short

circuited (FDR = 0).
Used in electric traction.
Page 3 of 6

Lec-12

Electrical Machines, B.Sc. Electrical Engineering

Engr. Riaz Ahmad Rana, Assistant Professor, FOE, UCP

Load-Torque (Ta/Ia) X-Tics. of Cumulative

Compound Motor
Series field aids the shunt field

N / Ta Characteristics
Ta Ia
If Ia , then series field flux but shunt filed flux
remains constant. Hence overall flux increases.
Ta Ia
The torque of cumulative compound motor is greater
than that of shunt motor due to series field.
Load-Speed (N/Ia) Characteristics of
Cumulative Compound Motor

Ta Ia
N Eb /
If Ia , then series field flux but shunt filed flux
remains constant. Hence overall flux increases.
N /Ta
The torque of a cumulative compound motor is more
than that of shunt motor but less than that of series
motor. Due to presence of series field, the starting
torque of this motor is increased.

N Eb /
As Ia , then
N 1/Ia
Page 4 of 6

Lec-12

Electrical Machines, B.Sc. Electrical Engineering

Speed Control of Cumulative Compound Motor

A resistance is inserted in the armature circuit to
reduce the speed.
NEb/

Engr. Riaz Ahmad Rana, Assistant Professor, FOE, UCP

Electric Plugging / Reverse Braking

If R, [V Ia (Ra + Rse + R)] , E b , N

N1/R
Electric Dynamic Braking
Electric braking is used to stop the motor and its load
quickly and smoothly.
In Electric Dynamic Braking, armature of motor is
disconnected from supply and is connected across
variable resistor and field is still connected to supply.
Armature, while slowing down, rotates in strong
magnetic field and operates as a generator. It sends a
large current to resistance and finally motor comes to
rest.

In Reverse Braking , Armature connections are

reversed to rotate the motor in reverse direction
giving the braking effect. Back emf (E b ) and applied
voltage will act in the same direction. In order to
limit the current, a variable resistance R is connected
in series with the armature during the changing of
armature connections.

Page 5 of 6

Lec-12

Electrical Machines, B.Sc. Electrical Engineering

Engr. Riaz Ahmad Rana, Assistant Professor, FOE, UCP

Problem # 1
A 4-pole, 230 V series motor has a wave-connected armature with 1260 conductors. The flux per pole is 20 m
Web when the motor is taking 50 A. Iron and friction losses amount to 1 KW. Armature resistance is 0.2 and
series field resistance is 0.2 .
Calculate: 1) Speed? 2) B.H.P? 3) Shaft torque? 4) Efficiency?
Solution:
1) Speed?
E b = NPZ / 60 A
N = 60 A E b / PZ
E b = V Ia (Ra + R SE )
= 230 50 (0.2 + 0.2) = 210 V
N = 60 A E b / PZ
= 60 x 2 x 210 / 0.02 x 4x 1260 = 250 RPM
{A = 2, wave-winding}
2) B.H.P?
B.H.P = Motor output / 746
Motor O/P = Pm P f & W = E b I a 2 KW
= 210 x 50 1000 = 9500 W
B.H.P = 9500 / 746 = 12.73 B.H.P
3) Shaft torque?
Shaft torque = 9.55 x Pout / N
=9.55 x 9500 / 250= 362.9 N-m
4) Efficiency?
Efficiency = 9500 x 100 / 230 x 50 = 82.6 %
Page 6 of 6