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II.
III.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to
a) identify the major bones that make up the skeletal system;
b) enumerate the major functions of the bones that make up the human skeletal system;
c) describe the bones that protect the internal organs; and
d) demonstrate the different ways of taking care/protecting ones skeletal system through a role-play
BIOLOGY
A. The Human Skeletal System
B. References
Marieb, E. N.(2003).Essentials of human anatomy & physiology.(7th ed.).San Francisco:Pearson Education Inc.
Vengcco, L.G., & Religioso, T.F.(2007).Science & health.(3rd ed.).Quezon City:Phoenix Publishing House
C. Materials
Pictures
Construction papers
Markers/pens
Cartolinas
D. Values Integration
Respect for ones body
Methodologies
TEACHERS ACTIVITIES
A. Preparation
Good morning class!
May we all stand up start the class with a prayer.
STUDENTS ACTIVITIES
Good morning maam!
No maam.
(sits down)
The Skeletal System maam.
Pair 1: Us maam.
Skeleton- a hard structure that supports and protects an
animals body.
Pair 2: Skeletal system- framework of bones and other
bony parts that protect and support the body.
Pair 3: Cartilage- a soft, elastic, flexible connective tissue
that performs many functions.
Pair 4: Joint- point of contact between bones.
Pair 5: Appendicular Bones- consists of the upper and
lower limbs- the arms, legs, shoulders & hips.
Pair 6: Axial Bones- consist of the skull and the bones
from the neck to the chest.
Pair 7: Bone Marrow- soft tissue inside the center of the
bone.
Pair 8: Tendon-cord of dense regular connective tissue
attaching muscle to bone.
(terms may not be in the same sequence)
E. Discussion
Class, I want to introduce all of you to our guest today. He is
very excited to meet all of you. Are you excited to meet him
too?
(uncovers a human skeleton model in front of the class)
Let us all say hello to Mr. Ghost Rider!
Mr. Ghost Rider has been kind enough to grant us his time
and assist us with our discussion today.
Let us take a look at Mr. Ghost Rider; he is an example of an
adult skeleton. And adult skeleton is composed of 206 bones,
including the 3 bones inside the ear.
What do you think are the main functions of the skeletal
system? Anyone?
Okay, besides contributing to body shape and form, our
bones perform several important functions.
The Functions of the bones are
1. SUPPORT
How do the bones function as a support?
Bones form the internal framework that supports and
anchors all soft organs. The bones of the legs act as pillars
to support the body trunk when we stand, and the rib cage
supports our thoracic wall.
2. PROTECTION
How do the bones protect our body?
Bones protect soft body organs like the brain, lungs, heart,
and other vital organs of the body.
3. MOVEMENT
Skeletal muscles which are attached to the bones use the
bones as levers to move the body and its parts.
4. STORAGE
FAT is stored in the internal cavities of bones. Bone itself
serves as a storehouse for minerals.
Can you give me an example of a mineral which is stored
(student responds)
(student responds)
(student responds)
(student responds)
in the bones?
Yes, CALCIUM. Another is PHOSPHORUS.
Calcium and Phosphorus are the most important minerals
stored in the bone.
5. BLOOD CELL FORMATION
Blood cell formation occurs within the marrow cavities of
certain bones.
(students respond)
(students respond)
SKELETAL SYSTEM
RIBS
RIB CAGE
Pelvis
HEART LUNGS LI
sternum
URINARY BLADDER
Pelvic bone
SPINE
Shoulder
Bones of the arms and legs
vertebrae
reproductive
SPINAL CORD
scapula
humerus
clavicle
Radius&Ulna
FEMUR
Tibia&Fibula
Good job! Thank you, you may now return to your seats!
G. Generalization
Concept Mapping
Class, I want you to look under your chairs. Find a strip of
paper and hold on to it.
In front is what we call a concept map. What you need to do
is to come in front and fill in the missing boxes with the words
written on your strip of paper. Try to analyze where the word
should be correctly placed. You can try to ask your classmates
for help if you are not sure. Understood? Okay you can
come in font now.
Cheek
Bone
?
Nasal
Bone
SKELETAL SYSTEM
?
?
Pelvis
___?____LUNGS LI
sternum
____?____
Pelvic bone
?
Shoulder
Bones of the arms and legs
reproductive organ
vertebrae
scapula
humerus
clavicle
Radius&Ulna
?
Tibia&Fibula
Okay, good job! So, taking a look at our concept map, this
practically sums up the skeletal system. You can make use of
this to help you remember important details regarding the
skeletal system.
H. Application
The same groupings apply in this activity. Each group will
Evaluation
TEACHERS ACTIVITIES
Okay, now we will have a short quiz. Please take one whole sheet
of paper and answer the questions on the board.
A. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. The soft material found inside the center of the bone is
called ________.
A) cartilage
C) ligament
B) joint
D)bone marrow
2. The skeletal system functions as ___________________.
A) Growth
C) support and protection
B) Nutrition
D) respiration
3. One of the minerals that make up bones is _____________.
A) Aluminum
C) magnesium
B) Calcium
D) sodium
4. There are ____ bones in an adult human body.
A) 365
C) 639
B) 206
D) 122
5. Skeletal system is composed of
_____________________________.
A) Blood and nerves
B) All the bones in the body which serves as its
framework
C) Tissues and organs
D) Lungs and alveoli
STUDENTS ACTIVITES
(students take out a piece of paper and answers the
questions on the board)
A. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. The soft material found inside the center of
the bone is called ________.
A) cartilage
C) ligament
B) joint
D)bone marrow
2. The skeletal system functions as
___________________.
A) Growth
C) support and
protection
B) Nutrition
D) respiration
3. One of the minerals that make up bones is
___________.
A) Aluminum
C) magnesium
B) Calcium
D) sodium
4. There are ____ bones in an adult human body.
A) 365
C) 639
B) 206
D) 122
5. Skeletal system is composed of
____________________.
A) Blood and nerves
B) All the bones in the body which serves as
its framework
C) Tissues and organs
HEART
RIB CAGE
BRAIN
SKULL
PELVIC BONE
SPINE
KIDNEYS
B. Put a (
) mark if the following bones inside the
box are in the skeletal system and cross (
) it
out if not.
SHOULDER BLADE
LIVER FEMUR
V.
Agreement/Assignment
1) Draw an illustration of the following body parts. Place each drawing on a separate sheet of short bond paper.
-skull
-Spine
-Collarbone
-Ribs
-Pelvis
-Breast bone
-shoulder
2) Bring the following materials tomorrow.
1 cartolina
1 pencil
1 ruler
1 paste/glue
1 pair of scissors
Submitted by
Maria Danica C. de Villa
Submitted to
Mr. Felipe Sullera Jr.