Week 1 Solutions - ENB222

1-7C

What is the net force acting on a car cruising at a constant velocity of 70 km h1

(a) on a level road,
F = ma
Consider that, a = dv
dt
and if v is constant then, a =
F =0

dv
dt

=0

b) on an uphill road?
As in part a if the velocity is constant then the force must be equal to 0.

1-8E

A man weights 180 lbf t at a location where g = 32.10 f ts2 . Determine his weight on the
moon, where g = 5.47 f ts2 .
Consider that,
weight = mass gravity
then,
mass =

weight
gravity

and of course the mass does not change,

weight2
weight1
= gravity
gravity1
2
weight1
weight2 = gravity2 gravity
1
180
= 5.47 32.10
= 30.7 lbf t

1-9

Determine the mass and the weight of the air contained in a room whose dimensions are 6
m 6 m 8 m. Assume the density of the air is 1.16 kgm3 .
Finding the volume,
V olume = length width height
V olume = 6 6 8
V olume = 288 m3
The density
= 1.16 kgm3
The mass
mass = V olume density
m = V
m = 288 1.16
m = 334.08 kg
The weight
F orce = mass acceleration
F orce = weight = 334.08 9.8
weight = 3274 N

1-23C

For a system to be in thermodynamic equilibrium, do the temperature and the pressure have
to be the same everywhere?
A thermodynamic system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium when it is in thermal equilibrium, mechanical equilibrium, radiative equilibrium, and chemical equilibrium.
For an ideal gas thermal equilibrium is achieved when both the temperature and the pressure are constant throughout the system. However, thermal equilibrium of a system does
not imply absolute uniformity within a system.

1-62

The barometer of a mountain hiker reads 930 mbars at the beginning of a hiking trip and
780 mbars at the end. Neglecting the effect of altitude on local gravitation acceleration,
determine the vertical distance climbed. Assume an average air density of 1.20 kgm3
Information:
P1 = 930 mbar = 93 kP a = 93000 P a
P2 = 780 mbar = 78 kP a = 78000 P a
air = 1.20 kgm2
Using the formula:
gh = P
h = P
g
h = 9300078000
1.209.8
h = 1275.51 m

1-65

Determine the pressure exerted on a diver at 30 m below the free surface of the sea. Assume
a barometric pressure of 101 kP a and a specific fravity of 1.03 for seawater.
Information:
depth = 30 m
Patm = 101 kP a = 101000 P a
specif ic gravity = 1.03
water = 1000 kgm3
seawater = 1.03 1000 = 1030 kgm3
PT = Patm + Pwater
PT = Patm + gh
PT = 101000 + (1030 9.8 30) PT = 403820 P a PT = 404 kP a

1-66

A gas is contained in a vertical, frictionless piston-cylinder device. The piston has a mass
of 4 kg and a cross-sectional area of 35 cm2 . A compressed spring above the piston exerts a
force of 60 N on the piston. If the atmospheric pressure is 95 kP a, determine the pressure
inside the cylinder.
Information:
m = 4 kg
A = 35 cm2 = 0.0035 m2
F = 60 N
Patm = 95 kP a
Acting downward is atmospheric pressure, the force from the spring and the work done
by gravity. Resisting this is the pressure inside the cylinder.
Pinside A = Patm A + F + W
Pinside = Patm + F +mg
A
Pinside = 95000 + 60+49.8
0.0035
Pinside = 123343 P a
Pinside = 123.4 kP a

2-88

When a hydrocarbon fuel is burned, almost all of the carbon in the fuel burns completely to
form CO2 (carbon dioxide), which is the principal gas causing the greenhouse effect and thus
global climate change. On average, 0.59 kg of CO2 is produced for each kW h of electricity
generated from a power plant that burns natural gas. A typical new household refrigerator
uses about 700 kW h of electricity per year. Determine the amount of CO2 production that
is due to the refrigerators in a city with 200, 000 households.
Information:
0.59 kgCO2 kW h1
700 kW h HH 1
200000 HH
Combining to find the amount of CO2 200,000 refrigerators produce,
kg of CO2 = 0.59 700 200000 = 8.26 107 kgCO2

2-89

Repeat Problem 2-88 assuming the electricity is produced by a power plant that burns coal.
The average production of CO2 in this case is 1.1 kg kW h1 .
Can do same way as 2-88 or alternatively,
Ratio of output =
new output =

1.1
0.59

1.1
0.59

8.26 107 = 1.54 108 kgCO2

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