Danish pastry

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Danish pastry

A typical Spandauer-type Danish with apple filling

and glazing
Type
Sweet bread
Place of origin
Denmark
Wheat flour, butter, milk, eggs,
Main ingredients
yeast.
Cookbook:Danish pastry

Danish pastry

Danish pastry or just Danish (especially in American English) is a multilayered, laminated

sweet pastry in the viennoiserie tradition. It was invented in Denmark and has since become a
Danish specialty. Like other viennoiserie pastries, such as croissants, Danish pastry is a
variant of puff pastry made of laminated yeast-leavened doughs, creating a layered texture.
Danish pastries were exported by immigrants to the United States, and are today popular
around the world.[1]

Contents

1 Composition
2 Terminology

3 History
o

3.1 Danish pastry in Denmark

4 Varieties
o

4.1 Danish pastry in the United States

5 See also

6 Notes

7 References

8 External links

Composition
Danish pastry is made of yeast-leavened dough of wheat flour, milk, eggs, sugar and large
amounts of butter or margarine.[2]
A yeast dough is rolled out thinly, covered with thin slices of butter between the layers of
dough, and then the dough is folded and rolled several times, creating 27 layers.[3][4] If
necessary, the dough is chilled between foldings to ease handling. The process of rolling,
buttering, folding and chilling is repeated multiple times to create a multilayered dough that
becomes airy and crispy on the outside, but also rich and buttery.[4]
Butter is the traditional fat used in Danish pastry,[5] but in industrial production, less expensive
fats are often used, such as hydrogenated sunflower oil (known as "pastry fat" in the UK).

Terminology

A common version of the pastry in Norway, Finland and Sweden.[6][7][8][9]

In Danish, Norwegian and Swedish, the term for Danish pastry is wienerbrd/wienerbrd,
"Viennese bread".[10] The same etymology is also the origin of the Finnish viineri. Danish
pastry is referred to as facturas in some Spanish speaking countries. In Vienna, the Danish
pastry, referring to Denmark and Copenhagen, is called Kopenhagener Plunder or Dnischer
Plunder.[11][12]

History
The origin of the Danish pastry is often ascribed to a strike amongst bakery workers in
Denmark in 1850. The strike forced bakery owners to hire workers from abroad, among them
several Austrian bakers, who brought along new baking traditions and pastry recipes. The
Austrian pastry of Plundergebck, soon became popular in Denmark and after the labour
disputes ended, Danish bakers adopted the Austrian recipes, adjusting them to their own liking
and traditions by increasing the amount of egg and fat for example. This development resulted
in what is now known as the Danish pastry.[13][14]
One of the baking techniques and traditions that the Austrian bakers brought with them was
the Viennese lamination technique. Due to such novelties the Danes called the pastry
technique "wienerbrd" and, as mentioned above, that name is still in use in Northern Europe
today. At that time, almost all baked goods in Denmark were given exotic names.[citation needed][1]

Danish pastry in Denmark

A cinnamon Danish with chocolate from a bakery in Denmark

Danish pastries as consumed in Denmark have different shapes and names. Some are topped
with chocolate, pearl sugar, glac icing and/or slivered nuts and they may be stuffed with a
variety of ingredients such as jam or preserves (usually apple or prune), remonce, marzipan
and/or custard. Shapes are numerous, including circles with filling in the middle (known in
Denmark as "Spandauers"), figure-eights, spirals (known as snails), and the pretzel-like
kringles.[15][16]

Varieties
In Sweden, Danish pastry is typically made in the Spandauer-style, often with vanilla custard.
In the UK, various ingredients such as jam, custard, apricots, cherries, raisins, flaked almonds,
pecans or caramelized toffee are placed on or within sections of divided dough, which is then
baked. Cardamom is often added to increase the aromatic sense of sweetness.
In the US, Danishes are typically given a topping of fruit or sweet baker's cheese prior to
baking.[17] Danishes with nuts on them are also popular there and in Sweden, where chocolate
spritzing and powdered sugar are also often added.
In Argentina, they are usually filled with dulce de leche or dulce de membrillo.

Danish pastry in different countries

Several types of Danish pastry along with other baked goods in a bakery in rhus in
Denmark

Pecan and maple Danish from France

Argentinian facturas with dulce de membrillo

Danish pastries in the Philippines

Danish pastry in the United States

A slice of a US apple crumb Danish

Danish pastry was brought to the United States by Danish immigrants. Lauritz C. Klitteng of
Ls popularized "Danish pastry" in the US around 19151920. According to Klitteng, he
made Danish pastry for the wedding of President Woodrow Wilson in December 1915.
Klitteng toured the world to promote his product and was featured in such 1920s periodicals
as the National Baker, the Bakers' Helper, and the Bakers' Weekly. Klitteng briefly has his
own Danish Culinary Studio at 146 Fifth Avenue in New York City.[18]

Herman Gertner owned a chain of New York City restaurants and had brought Klitteng to
New York to sell Danish pastry. Gertner's obituary appeared in the January 23, 1962 New York
Times:
"At one point during his career Mr. Gertner befriended a Danish baker who convinced him
that Danish pastry might be well received in New York. Mr. Gertner began serving the pastry
in his restaurant and it immediately was a success."

See also
Food portal

Kringle
Danish cookie

Danish cuisine

List of pastries

Pan dulce (sweet bread)

Doughnut

Notes
1.
"The patsies whose favourite pastries aren't really Danish". cphpost.dk. Retrieved 2015.
Cauvain & Young (2007), pp. 263265
Gisslen (2013), pp. 192197
Rose Levy Beranbaum (1998). The Pie and Pastry Bible. Schribner. ISBN 0684813483.
"global.britannica - Danish pastry". global.britannica.com. Retrieved 2015.
in Norway.
[1] and looks like In Finland is called viineri
In Sweden it is called Wienerbrd
Swedish wienerdrd
"wienerbrod". www.dn.se. Retrieved 2015.
Ole Stig Andersen (Jun 26, 1995). "Hvor kommer brd fra". Politiken.
"Wiener Plundergebck" (PDF). Lebensministerium. Je nach Fettmenge knnen Plunder
mit mind. 300 g Fett pro 1000 g Grundteig und dnischer Plunder (Kopenhagener Plunder)
mit mind. 600 g Fett pro 1000 g Grundteig unterschieden werden.
"Wienerbrd". Arbejdsgiverforeningen Konditorer, Bagere og Chocolademagere.
Retrieved 2012-01-17.
Inger Abildgaard (1 February 2007). "De danske kager er en fantastisk historie".
Samvirke (in Danish). Retrieved 16 October 2014.. Interview with Bi Skaarup, a Danish foodhistorian and former president of "Det Danske Gastronomiske Akademi" (lit.: The Danish
Gastronomical Academy).
"You Call This Danish Pastry?". www.saveur.com. Retrieved 2015.
[There are hundreds of types of Danish pastry, but allfrom the chokoladebolle, topped
with chocolate, to the spandauer, filled with vanilla custard or marmalade, or the

wienerbrdhorn, infused with marzipan and sprinkled with hazelnutsare made of crisp
layers of paper-thin dough, prepared and baked according to strict rules.]
"Cheese Recipes: Bakers Cheese". Schmidling.com. Retrieved 2013-03-15.
18.
Hakon Mielche (1944). Jorden rundt med morgenbrd (in Danish).
Hasselbalch.

References

Cauvain, Stanley & Young, Linda S. (2007) Technology of Breadmaking. Springer

Science & Business Media.
Gisslen, Wayne (2013) Professional Baking. (6th edition) John Wiley & Sons,
Hoboken, NJ. ISBN 9781118083741

External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Danish pastry.

Danish Pastry from food historian Barry Popik

Danish pastry - base recipe - Danish pastry bar Kvalifood, a non-commercial
educational cooking website from Denmark.

BBC Danish pastries

Danish

Categories:
Danish cuisine
Pastries

Sweet breads

Finnish cuisine

Norwegian cuisine

Swedish cuisine

Foods featuring butter

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Danish (dansk)
Danish is a North Germanic language with around 5.5 million speakers mainly in Denmark,
but also in Greenland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Canada, the UAE and the USA. Danish
was the official language of Norway until about 1830 and of Iceland until 1944. Danish is
now the first foreign language learnt in Iceland.
During the Middle Ages, Danish was heavily influenced by Low German dialects, while
during the 17th century Danish absorbed many French loanwords and from the 19th century
onwards, many English words have been taken into Danish.
The first written work of Danish literature was Gesta Danorum (History of the Danes) written
in Latin in about 1200 by Saxo Grammaticus. This recounts the history of Denmark up to
1186 and includes Danish versions (in a somewhat Christianized form) of Scandinavian myths
and sagas, including the earliest version of the Hamlet story.

You can see an online version of Gesta Danorum in the original Latin at:
http://www.kb.dk/elib/lit/dan/saxo/lat/or.dsr/
Danish began to be used a literary languge during the 16th century. In 1514 Christian
Pedersen published a Danish version of Gesta Danorum, which was highly influential on
subsequent Danish literature. Pedersen also published the first Danish translation of the New
Testament in 1531.

Danish alphabet (dansk alfabet)

Aa Bb Cc DdEe Ff G g Hh Ii Jj
a be se
de e f ge h i jd
K k Ll Mm N n O o Pp Qq Rr S s Tt
k l m
n o pe ku r s te
Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
dobbeltu ve
ks y st

ve
The letters C, Q, W, X and Z are only used in foreign loanwords. Before 1948, the sound
written was written aa, which can still be seen in some place names, such as Aalborg and
Aabenraa.
A recording of the Danish alphabet by Marc D. S. Volhardt

Pronunciation

Notes

g: [ j ] after a vowel, [ ] in words of foreign origin

Details of Danish pronunciation provided by Marc Volhardt

A good guide to Danish pronunciation, with sounds files, can be found at:
http://www.speakdanish.dk/html/pronunciation_index.htm

Sample text
Alle mennesker er fdt frie og lige i vrdighed og rettigheder. De er udstyret med fornuft og
samvittighed, og de br handle mod hverandre i en broderskabets nd.
A recording of this text

Translation
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason
and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Information about Danish | Danish phrases | Danish kinship terms | Tower of Babel in Danish |
Danish learning materials

Links
Information about the Danish language
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_language
http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/european_languages/languages/danish.shtml
Online Danish lessons
http://www.loecsen.com/travel/0-en-14-2-19-free-lessons-danish.html
http://www.learnoasis.com/content/learn-danish-online
http://www.antosch-and-lin.com/danish/
http://polymath.org/danish.php
http://www.dicts.info/?learn=Danish
Learn Danish online with DanishClass101
Danish Grammar
http://www.grammarexplorer.eu
Danish phrases
http://www.single-serving.com/Danish/
http://linguanaut.com/english_danish.htm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/other/quickfix/danish.shtml
http://www.speakdanish.dk/html/t_phrasebook.htm
http://www.transparent.com/languagepages/Danish/DnPhrases.htm
http://goscandinavia.about.com/od/knowledgesafety/a/danphrases.htm
http://www.101languages.net/danish/basics.html
http://www.denmarkfacts.com/learn_danish_online.html

Online Danish dictionaries

http://www.freedict.com/onldict/dan.html
http://danish.nigilist.ru
http://www.nordskol.org/ordbog/
http://www.hist.uib.no/kalkar/

Dansk for Alle - information about the Danish language and culture (in Danish)
http://www.studycentre.eu
Online Danish radio
http://www.dr.dk
http://www.abcsiden.dk/Netradio.aspx
http://knr.gl/index.php?id=737
Online Danish news
http://www.berlingske.dk
http://www.dr.dk
http://nyhederne.tv2.dk
http://www.information.dk
http://ing.dk
Project Runeberg - a volunteer effort to create free electronic editions of classic Nordic
(Scandinavian) literature: http://runeberg.org

Germanic languages
Afrikaans, Alsatian, Bavarian, Cimbrian, Danish, Dutch, Elfdalian, English, Faroese, Flemish,
German, Gothic, Icelandic, Low German / Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Norn, North Frisian,
Norwegian, Old English, Old Norse, Pennsylvania German, Saterland Frisian, Scots,
Shetland(ic), Swedish, Swiss German, West Frisian, Yiddish
Other languages written with the Latin alphabet

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