Electrical Machines Lab Manual For Petrochemaical

RVS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE and affiliated to Anna University- Chennai)

Kumaran Kottam., Sulur, Coimbatore - 641402.
DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
LABORATORY LAB MANUAL
R2013
STUDENT NAME : ..
REGISTER NUMBER : ..
DEPARTMENT: ..
Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)
Regulation 2013
EI6411 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY L T P C

0032
OBJECTIVE:
To impart hands on experience in verification of circuit laws and theorems, measurement of
circuit parameters, study of circuit characteristics and simulation of time response. To expose
the students to the basic operation of electrical machines and help them to develop experimental
skills.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS.
1. Open circuit characteristics of D.C. shunt generator.
2. Load characteristics of D.C. shunt generator.
3. Load test on D.C. Shunt Motor.
4. Load test on D.C. Series Motor.
5. Swinburnes test
6. Speed control of D.C. Shunt Motor.
7. Load test on Single Phase Transformer
8. Open circuit and Short circuit tests on Single Phase Transformer (Determination of
equivalent circuit parameters).
9. Load test on Single Phase Induction Motor.
10. No load and blocked rotor tests on Three Phase Induction Motor (Determination of
equivalent circuit parameters)
11. Load test on Three Phase Induction Motor.
12. Study of Starters
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
OUTCOME:
Ability to understand and analyze Instrumentation systems and their applications to
various industries.
CYCLE I
CYCLE II
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SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENTS
(Fill in the order by which done)
Ex.No.
Date
Experiment Name
Page No.
10
11
12
Average
Mark
Staff Signature
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR OPEN CIRCUIT ON SEPERATELY EXCITED DC GENERATOR
NAME PLATE DETAILS
FUSE RATING
125% of rated current.
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OPEN CIRCUIT TEST CHARACTERISTIC OF SEPARATELY

EXCITED DC GENERATOR
AIM:
To conduct the open circuit test on a given separately excited dc generator and
draw the characteristic curves.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO
APPARATUS
TYPE
RANGE
QUANTITY
1.
Voltmeter
MC
(0-300)V
2.
Ammeter
MC
(0-2) A
3.
Rheostat
Wire Wound
400 / 1.1 A
4.
Rheostat
Double element
350 / 2A
5.
Tachometer
Digital
6.
Connecting Wires
As Req.
FUSE RATING:
110-125% of rated current (full load current).
PRECAUTION:
The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position.
The generator field rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position.
FORMULAE USED:
1. Generated voltage Eg = VL + IaRa in Volts.
Where, VL Load voltage in Volts.
Ia - Armature current in Amps.
Ra - Armature resistance in Ohms.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR ARMATURE RESISTANCE
TABLE 1: OPEN CIRCUIT TEST
S. No
Field current
Open Circuit Voltage
(If)
(Eo)
Amps
Volts
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PROCEDURE:
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST:

1. Note down the nameplate details of motor.
2. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown in diagram.
3. Initially SPST Switch is kept open.
4. Supply is given by closing the DPST Switch in the motor side.
5. Using the DC three point starter, start the motor.
6. The field rheostat of motor is adjusted to run the motor at rated speed.
7. Emf generated due to residual magnetism in the generator is noted along with the zero
value field current.
8. Then, the SPST Switch is closed. Increase the field current in steps of 0.1 Amps by
varying the resistance of the generator field and note down the corresponding open
circuit voltages in Table (1).
TO FIND ARMATURE RESISTANCE:

2. Supply is given by closing the DPST Switch and increase the load step by step.
3. Enter the corresponding ammeter and voltmeter readings in Table (2).
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TABLE 2: TO FIND ARMATURE RESISTANCE

S. No.
Current Ia (Amps)
Voltage V (Volts)
Ra=V/Ia ( )
Average value of R a=
MODEL GRAPH:
MODEL CALCULATION:
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RESULT:
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the function of carbon brush used in D.C generator?
2. What is meant by self-excited and separately excited dc generator?
3. What is the basic difference between dc generator and dc motor
4. Write down the emf equation of dc generator. Give the meaning of each symbol.
5. What is critical resistance of a DC shunt generator?
6. What are the conditions to be fulfilled for a shunt generator to build up Voltage?
7. What do you mean by residual flux in DC generator?
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR LOAD TEST ON SELF EXCITED DC SHUNT GENERATOR
NAME PLATE DETAILS
FUSE RATING
10
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LOAD TEST ON SELF EXCITED DC SHUNT GENERATOR

AIM:
To conduct the load test on a given self-excited dc shunt generator and draw the
characteristic curves.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO
APPARATUS
TYPE
RANGE
QUANTITY
1.
Voltmeter
MC
(0-300)V
2.
Ammeter
MC
(0-10) A
(0-2) A
3.
Rheostat
Wire Wound
4.
Tachometer
Digital
5.
Connecting Wires
As Req.
Loading Rheostat
Wire Wound
400 / 1.1 A
Each 1
360 / 2 A
FUSE RATING:
PRECAUTIONS:
1. All connections should be perfectly tight and no loose wire should lie on the work
table.
2. Before switching ON the dc supply, ensure that the starters moving arm is at its
maximum resistance position.
3. There should be no load on the motor at the time of starting.
4. At the time of starting, the field circuit rheostat is in minimum resistance position.
5. Hold the tachometer with both hands steady and in line with the motor shaft so that it
reads correctly.
FORMULAE USED:
1. Generated voltage (Eg)
= VL + Ia Ra in Volts.
Where,
VL- Load voltage in Volts.
Ia- Armature current in Amps & Ra- Armature resistance in Ohms.
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TABLE 1: LOAD TEST
S. No
IL
If
Amps Amps
Ia= IL- If
Amps
Terminal
Voltage
Ia Ra
E g =VL + IaRa
(VL)
Volts
Volts
Volts
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PROCEDURE:
LOAD TEST:
1. Note down the nameplate details of motor.
2. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown diagram.
3. Supply is given by closing the DPST Switch in the motor side.
4. Using the DC three point starter, start the motor.
5. The field rheostat of motor is adjusted to run the motor at rated speed.
6. The generator field rheostat is adjusted for the rated voltage.
7.
The DPST switch in the generator side is closed. Increase the resistive load in steps of
2 Amps and note down the corresponding load current and terminal voltage values in
Table (1).
8. Then the resistive load is gradually decreased and the DPST Switch on the generator
side is open. Then the supply is switched off.
9. The generated voltage Eg is calculated by using the formulae as mentioned above
enter the values in the Table (1).
TO FIND ARMATURE RESISTANCE:

2. Supply is given by closing the DPST switch and increases the load step by step.
13
and
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TABLE 2: TO FIND ARMATURE RESISTANCE.

Current
Voltage
Ra=V/Ia
S. No.
Ia
(Amps)
(Volts)
( )
Average value of R a=
MODEL GRAPH:
MODEL CALCULATION:
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RESULT:
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. State the various types of DC generators.
2. List the main parts of DC machine.
3. State the applications of various types of DC generators.
4. What is residual voltage?
5. Difference between self-excited and separately excited of DC generator.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR LOAD TEST ON D.C SHUNT MOTOR
NAME PLATE DETAILS
FUSE RATING
16
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LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

AIM:
To conduct the load test on DC shunt motor and draw the characteristic curves.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S. No
APPARATUS
TYPE
RANGE
QUANTITY
Ammeter
MC
(0-20) A
Voltmeter
MC
(0-300) V
Tachometer
Digital
Rheostat
Wire Wound
400 / 1.1 A
Connecting Wires
wound
-
As Req.
FUSE RATING:
PRECAUTIONS:
table.
reads correctly.
FORMULAE USED:
1. Torque T = (S1~S2) (R) 9.81 in N-m.
Where,
R- Radius of the Brake drum in m.
t- Thickness of the Belt in m.
S1, S2- Spring balance reading in Kg.
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TABULATION:
Radius of the brake drum:
S. No
Load
Current
(IL)
Amps
Load
Voltage
( VL )
Volts
Input
Power
( Pi )
Watts
18
Speed
(N)
rpm
Spring Balance Reading

(Kg)
S1
S2
S1~S2
Torque
(T)
N-m
Input
Power
(Pin)
Watts
Output
Power
(PO)
Watts
Efficiency
()
%
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2. Input power = VL IL in Watts.

Where,
VL - Load Voltage in Volts.
IL -Load current in Amps.
3. Output power = 2NT/60 in Watts.
Where,
N- Speed of the armature in rpm.
T- Torque in N-m.
4. Percentage of Efficiency = (Output power/Input power) 100.
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. Using the three-point starter the motor is started to run at the rated speed by adjusting
the field rheostat if necessary.
3. The meter readings are noted at no load condition.
4. By using the Brake drum with spring balance arrangement the motor is loaded and the
corresponding readings are noted up to the rated current.
5. After the observation of all the readings the load is released gradually.
6. Load is gradually decreased and field rheostat is brought to the minimum resistance
position and the supply is switched off.
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MODEL GRAPH:
Electrical Characteristics
Mechanical Characteristics
MODEL CALCULATION:
20
RESULT:
VIVA QUESTION:
1. How do you load the motor in this experiment?
2. What was the assumption made in calculations?
3. What is the condition for maximum torque of a D.C. shunt motor?
4. Why is the starter necessary?
5. What is the power factor of the load used?
21
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR LOAD TEST ON D.C. SERIES MOTOR
NAME PLATE DETAILS
FUSE RATING
22
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LOAD TEST ON D.C. SERIES MOTOR

AIM:
To conduct load test on DC series motor and determine the load characteristics.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO
TYPE
APPARATUS
RANGE
QUANTITY
1.
Voltmeter
MC
(0-300V)
2.
Ammeter
MC
(0-20A)
3.
Tachometer
Digital
4.
Connecting wires
As Req.
PRECAUTIONS:
The series motor should be started with some minimum load.
Water should be poured in the hollow portion of brake drum.
Motor should be stopped with some minimum load.
After shut down, the load should be fully released, so as to make the drum free of cool.
FORMULAE USED:
1 . Torque applied on the motor, T
= (S1~S2) x r x 9.81 Nm.
2. Input Power (Pi)
= VL x IL Watts.
3.
Output, P0
= (2NT)/60 Watts.
% Efficiency,
= (Po/Pi) x 100.
Where,
Circumference of the brake drum, 2 r = ---------- m2
Radius of the brake drum, r
= ---------- m
S1&S2 spring balance readings in kg.
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TABULATION:
Line
Sl. No
voltage
VL Volts
Line
current
IL
Amps
Speed
N
(rpm)
1
2
3
4
5
24
Spring balance
reading
S1
Kg
S2
Kg
Torque
T (N.m)
Output Power
P0
Watts
Input Power
Pi
Watts
% Efficiency
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PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Supply is given by closing DPSTS.
3. Start the motor using the starter.
4. Note down the readings for varying load conditions and plot the graph.
MODEL CALCULATION:
RESULT:
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Why the series motor is started with some minimum load?
2. What are the applications of D.C. series motor?
3. Why series motors are used for traction purpose?
4. While running, if series field winding is opened what happens?
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SWINBURNS TEST
NAME PLATE DETAILS
FUSE RATING
26
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SWINBURNES TEST
AIM:
To predetermine the efficiency of a given dc shunt machine when working as a motor
as well as generator by Swinburnes test and also draw the characteristic curves.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO
APPARATUS
TYPE
RANGE
QUANTITY
1.
Voltmeter
MC
( 0-300 ) V
( 0-50 ) V
2.
Ammeter
MC
(0-5) A
(0-2) A
3.
Rheostat
400 / 1.1 A
Loading Rheostat
50 / 5 A
5.
Tachometer
Digital
6.
Connecting Wires
As Req
Wire
Wound
Wire
Wound
FUSE RATING:
PRECAUTIONS:
table.
reads correctly.
27
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TABLE 1: TO FIND CONSTANT LOSSES

S.NO
INPUT
SUPPLY
VOLTAGE
(Volts)
NO LOAD
CURRENT
I0
(Amps)
FIELD
CURRENT
If
(Amps)
ARMATURE CONSTANT
CURRENT
LOSSES
Iao = I 0 - I f
Wo
(Amps)
= VI 0 I ao2 R a
(Watts)
TABLE 2: TO FIND ARMATURE RESISTANCE R a
S.NO
CURRENT
Ia
( Amps )
VOLTAGE
V
( Volts )
ARMATURE RESISTANCE
Rdc = V / I a
(Ohms)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Average value of Ra
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FORMULAE USED:
1. Armature Current on no load, I ao = I 0 I f
2. Constant losses, W c = VI 0 I ao2Ra
3. Armature resistance, Ra = V / I a
MOTOR ACTION:
1. Load current = IL
2. Armature current , I a = IL I f
3. Armature Copper loss = I a2Ra
4.
Total losses = Wc + I a2Ra
5. Input = V I
6. Output = Input Losses
7. Efficiency, = (Output / Input) x 100
GENERATOR ACTION:
1. Armature Current I a = IL + I f
2. Armature Copper loss = I a2 R a
3. Total losses = W c + I a2 R a
4. Output = V I
5. Input = Output + Losses
6. Efficiency, = (Output / Input) x 100

PROCEDURE:
NO LOAD TEST:
1. Note the name plate details of the machine.
2. The connections are made as per circuit diagram.
3. Close the DPST switch.
4. Start the motor by using three-point starter.
5. Adjust the speed to rated speed by increasing field circuit resistance (Field rheostat).
6. Enter the input voltage, No load current and field current in Table (1).
TO FIND Ra:
1. The connections are made as per circuit diagram shown in diagram.
2. Close the DPST switch and increase the load step by step.
29
TABLE (3):
S.
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
Load Current
I
(Amps)
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CALCULATION OF EFFICIENCY AS A MOTOR:
Armature
Current
Ia = I - I f
(Amps)
Armature
Copper loss
= I a2 R a
(Watts)
Total Losses
= Wo+ I a2 R a
Input
VI
Output =
Input losses
(Watts)
(Watts)
(Watts)
Efficiency
=(output/
input)x100
(Percentage)
th
of
rated value
th of
rated value
th of
rated value
Rated value
Constant Loss: Calculated value from Table (1)

TABLE (4):
S.
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
Load
Current
I
(Amps)
th of
rated value
Armature
Current
Ia = I + I f
(Amps)
CALCULATION OF EFFICIENCY AS A GENERATOR:

Armature
Copper loss
= I a2 R a
(Watts)
th of
rated value
th of
rated value
Rated value
30
Total Losses
= Wo+ I a2 R a
(Watts)
Output
VI
(Watts)
Input =
Output + Losses
(Watts)
Efficiency
=(output/
Input)x100
(Percentage)
MODEL GRAPH:
MODEL CALCULATION:
31
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RESULT:
VIVA QUESTION:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the function of no-volt release coil in 3point starters?

How to change the direction of rotation of d.c motor?
Swinburnes test is also called?
List the various losses in d.c machine.
5. Name the various methods of testing the d.c machine.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR
NAME PLATE DETAILS
FUSE RATING
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SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR

AIM:
To control the speed of the given DC shunt motor by field and armature control methods
and also to draw their characteristics curves.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S. No
APPARATUS
TYPE
RANGE
QUANTITY
Ammeter
MC
(0-2) A
Voltmeter
MC
(0-300) V
Tachometer
Digital
Rheostat
Wire Wound
400 / 1.1 A
Rheostat
Wire wound
50 / 5 A
Connecting Wires
--
As Req
FUSE RATING:
PRECAUTIONS:
All connections should be perfectly tight and no loose wire should lie on the work table.
There should be no load on the motor at the time of starting.
At the time of starting, the field circuit rheostat is in minimum resistance position and
armature rheostat is in maximum position.
Hold the tachometer with both hands steady and in line with the motor shaft so that it
reads correctly.
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TABLE 1: FIELD CONTROL METHOD.

Rated Speed:
Armature Voltage (Va)=
S.NO.
Speed (N)
(Rpm)
Field Current (If)

(Amps)
TABLE 2: ARMATURE CONTROL METHOD

Rated Speed:
Field Current(If)=
S.NO
Armature Voltage
(Va)
(Volts)
Speed (N)
(Rpm)
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PROCEDURE:
Field current (or) flux control method:

1. Note down the name plate details of the motor.
2. Connections are made as per circuit diagram.
3. The motor run at rated speed by adjusting the armature and field rheostat.
4. Keep the armature voltage constant at rated value.
5. Increase the speed in steps of 50 rpm above the rated speed using field rheostat and note
down the corresponding field current values in Table (1).
Armature (or) voltage control method:

1. Note down the name plate details of the motor.
2. Connections are made as per circuit diagram.
3. The motor run at rated speed by adjusting the armature and field rheostat.
4. Keep the field current constant at rated speed.
5. Decrease the speed in steps of 50 rpm below the rated speed using armature rheostat
and note down the corresponding field current values in Table (2).
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MODEL GRAPH:
Armature Control Method
Field Control Method
MODEL CALCULATION:
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RESULT:
VIVA QUESTION:
1. What are the limitations of armature voltage control and field current control methods?
2. Why both rheostats are kept at minimum resistance position in the starting condition?
3. What is starter? Why is it required?
4. What are the applications of dc shunt motor?
5. Why brushes are made from carbon?
6. Why is thin conductor used for field winding? & thick conductor for armature winding?
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
NAME PLATE DETAILS
FUSE RATING
40
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LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

AIM:
To conduct the load test on a given single phase transformer and draw its performance
curves.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO
APPARATUS
TYPE
RANGE
QUANTITY
(0-5)A
(0-10)A
(0-300)V
(0-150)V
300V,5A
Ammeter
MI
Voltmeter
MI
Wattmeter
UPF
1 auto transformer
230/(0-270)V
1 step down transformer
230/110V,1KVA
Loading Rheostat
Wire Wound
Tachometer
Digital
Connecting wires
As required
DPST
1
1
FUSE RATING:
Primary Current = KVA Rating of the Transformer / Primary Voltage.
Secondary Current = KVA Rating of the Transformer / Secondary Voltage.
110-125% of Primary current (fuse rating for primary side).
110-125% of Secondary current (fuse rating for secondary side).
PRECAUTIONS:
At the time of starting, the DPST switch on secondary side should be kept in open
condition.
At the time of starting, there should be no load on the loading rheostat.
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Table: Load Test on Single Phase Transformer.

Multiplication Factor =
42
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FORMULAE:
1. Output power = Vs x Is x Cos in Watts.
Where,
Vs Secondary voltage in volts.
Is secondary current in amps.
Cos - power factor.
2. Input Power = Wattmeter reading in Watts.
3. Efficiency = (output power/Input power) X 100 %
4. Voltage Regulation = [(V no load - V load) / (V load)] X100 %
Where,
V no load no load voltage in volts.
V load load voltage in volts.
PROCEDURE:
2. The SPST Switch on the Primary side is closed and the DPST Switch on the Secondary
side is opened.
3. The Autotransformer is adjusted to energize the transformer with rated Primary
Voltage.
4. The Volt meters and Ammeters Readings are noted and tabulated at No load condition.
5. The DPST switch on the secondary side is closed.
6. The transformer is loaded up to 130% of the Rated Load, corresponding Ammeters,
Voltmeters and Wattmeter readings are noted and tabulated.
7. After the observation of all the readings the load is released gradually to its initial
position.
8. The Autotransformer is brought to its initial position.
9. The Supply is switched off.
43
MODEL GRAPH:
MODEL CALCULATION:
44
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RESULT:
VIVA QUESTIONS:
45
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR OPEN CIRCUIT TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
Tabulation for OC test on Single phase transformer

46
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OPEN CIRCUIT TEST AND SHORT CIRCUIT TEST

ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
AIM:
To Predetermine the Efficiency and Regulation on a given single phase
transformer by conducting the Open Circuit test and Short Circuit test and also draw its
Equivalent circuit.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO
APPARATUS
TYPE
RANGE
QUANTITY
Ammeter
MI
(0-1)A, (0-5A)
(0-10A)
(0-300)V
Each 1
Voltmeter
MI
(0-150)V
150V,1A
150V,5A
230/(0-270)V
1
Each 1
Wattmeter
LPF
UPF
1 auto transformer
1 Taping transformer
Digital
230/110V,1KVA
-
1
1
Tachometer
Connecting wires
As required
FUSE RATING:
Primary Current = KVA Rating of the Transformer / Primary Voltage.
Secondary Current = KVA Rating of the Transformer / Secondary Voltage.
110-125% of Primary current (fuse rating for primary side).
110-125% of Secondary current (fuse rating for secondary side).
PRECAUTIONS:
At the time of starting, the auto transformer should be in the minimum voltage
position.
For O.C test, the HV side of the transformer is in open circuit condition.
For S.C test, the LV side of the transformer is short circuited.
47
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SHORT CIRCUIT TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
Tabulation for SC test on Single phase transformer

48
FORMULAE USED:
O.C Test:
1. No load Power factor, Cos o = [ Woc / ( Voc x I oc ) ]
Where, Woc No load losses.
Voc No load voltage.
I oc No load current.
2. Magnetizing component, Im = I oc x Sin o
3. Working component, Iw = I oc x Cos o
4. No load resistance, R 0 = V oc / Iw in ohms
5. No load reactance, X 0 = V oc / Im in ohms
S.C Test.
1. Primary winding resistance, R1 = Wsc / Isc2 in ohms
Where, Wsc - Short circuit power in Watts
Isc - Short circuit current in Amps
2. Primary winding impedance, Z1 = Vsc / Isc in ohms
where, V sc = Short circuit voltage in Volts
3. Primary winding reactance, X1 =
Z12 - R12 in ohms
4. Secondary winding resistance, R 2 = W sc / I sc2 in ohms

5. Secondary winding impedance , Z 2 = V sc / I sc in ohms
Z 22 R22 in ohms
6. Secondary winding reactance , X2 =

7.
Transformation ratio ( K ) = V 2 / V 1
8. Equivalent secondary resistance referred to primary side,

R2 = R2 / K 2 in ohms.
9. Equivalent secondary reactance referred to primary side,
X2 = X2 / K 2 in ohms.
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TO CALCULATE THE EFFICIENCY:

Iron loss (Wi): Calculated from Table (1)
Short Circuit loss (Wsc): Calculated from Table (2)
S.NO
LOAD
FRACTION
IRON
LOSS
COPPER
LOSS
TOTAL
LOSS
OUTPUT
POWER
Wi
X2 WSC
(Watts)
W
(Watts)
PO
(Watts)
(Watts)
UPF
1
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.00
1.25
50
PF=0.8
INPUT
POWER
EFFICIENCY
Pi
(%)
(Watts)
UPF
PF=0.8
UPF
PF=0.8
Regulation 2013
EFFICIENCY:
1. Iron loss, wi = woc in Watts.
Where, Woc - No load loss.
2. Copper loss, Wc - x2 WSC in Watts.
Where, x - Fraction of load.
WSC - Short circuit losses.
3. Total loss, W = Wi + Wc in Watts.
4. Output power, Po = x X kVA X Cos
5. Where,
Cos power factor.
Cos = 1 for UPF.
Cos = 0.8 for LPF.
6. Input power, Pi = Po+ W in Watts.
7. Efficiency, = (Po / Pi) X 100 %
REGULATION:
1. Percentage Regulation
= [x Isc / VOC ( R01 Cos X01 Sin ) ] x 100 %
+
Lagging Leading
2. Total resistance as referred to primary side, R01= R1 + R2 in ohms.

3. Total reactance as referred to primary side, X01 = X1+ X2 in ohms.
51
Regulation 2013
Resultant Tabulation to find out the Efficiency:

Core (Or) Iron Loss
=
Rated Short Circuit Current (ISC) =
A Rating of Transformer =
Short Circuit Power (WSC)
Resultant Tabulation to find out the Regulation:

125% LOAD, X = 1.25
POWERFACTOR
COS
LAG
LEAD
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
52
100% LOAD, X = 1
75% LOAD, X = 0.75
LAG
LAG
LEAD
LEAD
Regulation 2013
PROCEDURE:
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST:
2. The SPST Switch on the Primary side is closed.
3. The Autotransformer is adjusted to Energize the transformer with rated Primary
Voltage on the LV side
4. The Volt meter, Watt meter and Ammeter Readings are noted at No load condition
5. The Autotransformer is brought to its initial position
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST:

2. The SPST Switch on the Primary side is closed
3. The Autotransformer is adjusted to energize the transformer with rated Primary Current
on the HV side.
4. The Voltmeter, Wattmeter and Ammeter Readings are noted down at short circuit
condition.
5. The Autotransformer is brought to its initial position
53
Regulation 2013
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT FOR SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
MODEL GRAPH:
MODEL CALCULATION:
54
RESULT:
VIVA QUESTIONS:
55
Regulation 2013
Regulation 2013
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
NAME PLATE DETAILS
FUSE RATING
56
Regulation 2013
LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM:
To determine the performance characteristic of a given single phase capacitor start
induction motor by conducting load test.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL. NO
APPARATUS
RANGE
TYPE
1
2
3
4
5
6
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Wattmeter
Tachometer
1 auto transformer
Connecting wires
(0-300) V
(0-20) A
300 V, 20 A
230V/0-270V
-
MI
MI
UPF
Digital
QUANTITY
1
1
1
1
1
- As Req.
FUSE RATING:
Fuse rating = 125% of rated current.
PRECAUTION:
Before switching on the supply the single phase auto transformer is kept in minimum
position.
Initially these should be on no load while starting the motor.
FORMULA USED:
1. Torque, T = (S1~S2)*9.81*R N.m.
2. Output power = 2 NT/60*W
3. Effecting (%) = 0/P Power/I/p Power*100
4. Slip (%S) = NS N/NS*100
5. Power factor = Cos =W/VI
PROCEDURE:
2. Switch on the supply at no load condition.
3. Apply the rated voltage to the motor using the single phase auto transformer and note
down the readings at ammeter and wattmeter.
4. Vary the load in suitable steps and note down all the meter readings till full load
condition.
57
Regulation 2013
TABLULATION:
(V)
(A) (Rpm)
S1
S2
(Kg)
(Kg)
MODEL CALCULATION:
58
S1 ~ S2
(Kg)
Torque Wattmeter Reading Output

(N-m)
Obs.
Actual
(W)
(W)
Power
(W)
% Slip
Speed(N)
PF= cos
IL
VL
Efficiency
Sl.No.
M.F =
59
Regulation 2013
MODEL GRAPH:
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
60
Regulation 2013
RESULT:
VIVA QUESTIONS:
61
Regulation 2013
Regulation 2013
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR NO LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR
NAME PLATE DETAILS
FUSE RATING
62
Regulation 2013
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF THREE PHASE SQUIRREL

CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM:
To conduct a No Load test and Blocked Rotor test on three phase squirrel cage induction
motor and to draw the equivalent circuit.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO
APPARATUS
TYPE
RANGE
QUANTITY
Ammeter
MI
Each 1
Voltmeter
MI
(0-5A),
(0-10A)
(0-600)V
Wattmeter
UPF,LPF
Each 1
3 auto transformer
600V,5A
150V,10A
415/(0-470)V
Tachometer
Digital
Connecting wires
As required
FUSE RATING:
No Load: 10 % of rated current (Full load current).
Load: 110-125 % of rated current (Full load current).
PRECAUTION:
The autotransformer should be kept at minimum voltage position.
63
Regulation 2013
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE
INDUCTION MOTOR (Equivalent circuit)
64
Regulation 2013
FORMULAE USED:
OC TEST:
1. No load power factor (Cos 0) = P0/V0I0
V0 - No load voltage per phase in volts.
I0 - No load current per phase in amps.
P0 - No load power per phase in watts.
2. Working component current (Iw) = I0 (ph) X Cos 0
3. Magnetizing current (Im) = I0 (ph) X Sin 0
4. No load resistance (R0) =V0/I0 (ph) Cos 0 in W.
5. No load reactance (X0) = V0/I0 (ph) Sin 0 in W.

SC TEST:
1. Motor equivalent Impedance referred to stator (Zsc(ph)) = Vsc(ph) / Isc(ph) in .
2. Motor equivalent Resistance referred to stator (Rsc(ph)) = Psc(ph) / I2sc(ph) in .
3. Motor equivalent Reactance referred to stator (Xsc(ph)) = (Z sc(ph)2- Rsc(ph)2) in .
4. Rotor Resistance referred to stator (R2(ph)) = Rsc(ph) R1 in .
5. Rotor Reactance referred to stator (X2(ph)) = Xsc(ph) / 2 = X1 in .
Where, R1 - stator resistance per phase.
X1 stator reactance per chapter.
R1 = R(ac) =1.6 x R(dc).
6. Equivalent load resistance (RL) = R2 (1/s 1) in .
Where, Slip (S) = (Ns-Nr) / Ns.
Ns Synchronous speed in rpm.
Nr Rotor speed in rpm.
65
Regulation 2013
TABULATION FOR NO LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR
Speed of the Induction motor:
Type of the Stator connection:
Multiplication Factor:
TABULATION FOR BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR
Type of the Stator connection:
66
Regulation 2013
PROCEDURE:
2. For No-Load or open circuit test by adjusting autotransformer, apply rated voltage and
Note down the voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter readings. In this test rotor is free to
rotate.
3. For short circuit or blocked rotor test by adjusting autotransformer, apply rated current
and note down the voltmeter ,ammeter and wattmeter readings. In this test rotor is
blocked.
4. After that make the connection to measure the stator resistance as per the circuit
diagram.
5. By adding the load through the loading rheostat note down the ammeter, voltmeter
reading for various values of load.
67
Regulation 2013
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT FOR THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE

INDUCTION MOTOR
MODEL CALCULATION:
68
RESULT:
VIVAQUESTION:
69
Regulation 2013
Regulation 2013
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR
NAME PLATE DETAILS
FUSE RATING
70
Regulation 2013
LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE

INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM:
To conduct a load test on a three phase squirrel cage induction motor and to draw the
performance characteristic curves.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO
APPARATUS
TYPE
RANGE
QUANTITY
Ammeter
MI
(0-5/10)A
Voltmeter
MI
(0-600)V
Wattmeter
UPF
600V,5/10A
Tachometer
Digital
Connecting wires
As required
FUSE RATING:
110-125% of rated current (Full load current).
PRECAUTIONS:
There should be no load on the motor at the time of starting.
FORMULAE USED:
1. Torque = (S1-S2) (R+t/2) x 9.81 N-m
Where, S1, S2 spring balance readings in Kg.
R - Radius of brake drum in m.
t - Thickness of belt in m.
Output Power = 2 PNT/60 watts.
N- Rotor speed in rpm.
T- Torque in N-m.
2. Input Power = (W1+W2) Watts.
W1, W2 Wattmeter readings in Watts.
3. Percentage of Efficiency = (Output Power/ Input Power) x 100%.
71
Regulation 2013
TABULATION FOR LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR.
72
Regulation 2013
4. Percentage of Slip = (NS-Nr)/Ns x 100%

Ns-Synchronous speed in rpm.
Nr-Rotor speed in rpm.
5. Power factor = (W1+W2)/ 3 VLIL.
PROCEDURE:
2. The TPSTS is closed and the motor is started using On Line starter to run at rated speed.
3. At no load the speed, current, voltage and power are noted down.
4. By applying the load for various values of current the above-mentioned readings are
noted.
5. The load is later released and the motor is switched off and the graph is drawn.
73
MODEL GRAPHS:
Mechanical Characteristics
Electrical Characteristics
MODEL CALCULATION:
74
Regulation 2013
RESULT:
VIVA QUESTION:
75
Regulation 2013

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RVS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by AICTE and affiliated to Anna University- Chennai)

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

EI6411 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY L T P C

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR OPEN CIRCUIT ON SEPERATELY EXCITED DC GENERATOR

NAME PLATE DETAILS

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

OPEN CIRCUIT TEST CHARACTERISTIC OF SEPARATELY

110-125% of rated current (full load current).

The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position.

The generator field rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position.

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR ARMATURE RESISTANCE

TABLE 1: OPEN CIRCUIT TEST

Open Circuit Voltage

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

OPEN CIRCUIT TEST:

TO FIND ARMATURE RESISTANCE:

3. Enter the corresponding ammeter and voltmeter readings in Table (2).

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

TABLE 2: TO FIND ARMATURE RESISTANCE

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR LOAD TEST ON SELF EXCITED DC SHUNT GENERATOR

NAME PLATE DETAILS

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

LOAD TEST ON SELF EXCITED DC SHUNT GENERATOR

110-125% of rated current (full load current).

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR ARMATURE RESISTANCE

TABLE 1: LOAD TEST

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

TO FIND ARMATURE RESISTANCE:

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

TABLE 2: TO FIND ARMATURE RESISTANCE.

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR LOAD TEST ON D.C SHUNT MOTOR

NAME PLATE DETAILS

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

110-125% of rated current (full load current).

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

Spring Balance Reading

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

2. Input power = VL IL in Watts.

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR LOAD TEST ON D.C. SERIES MOTOR

NAME PLATE DETAILS

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)

LOAD TEST ON D.C. SERIES MOTOR

The series motor should be started with some minimum load.

Water should be poured in the hollow portion of brake drum.

Motor should be stopped with some minimum load.

= (S1~S2) x r x 9.81 Nm.

2. Input Power (Pi)

S1&S2 spring balance readings in kg.

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory (EI6411)