Unlock-INDIA 2015 - p11-40.CV01

Land and the
People
"INDIA is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of

human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of
legend and the great grandmother of tradition. Our most
valuable and most instructive materials in the history of
man are treasured up in India only."-Mark Twain
India has a unique culture and is one of the oldest and
greatest civilizations of the world. lt stretches from the
snow-capped Himalayas in the North to sun drenched
coastal villages of the South and the humid tropical forests
on the south-west coast, from the fertile Brahmaputra valley
on its East to the Thar desert in the West. lt covers an area
of 32,87,263 sq. km.1 lt has achieved all-round socioeconomic progress during the last 66 years of its
Independence. India is the seventh largest country in the
world and ranks second in population. The country stands
apart from the rest of Asia, marked off as it is by mountains
and the sea, which give her a distinct geographical entity.
Bounded by the Great Himalayas in the north, it stretches
southwards and at the Tropic of Cancer, tapers off into the
Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal on the east and
the Arabian Sea on the west.
Lying entirely in the northern hemisphere, the mainland
extends between latitudes 84' and 376' north, longitudes
687' and 9725' east and measures about 3,214 km from
north to south between the extreme latitudes and about
2,933 km from east to west between the extreme
longitudes. It has a land frontier of about 15,200 km. The
total length of the coastline of the mainland, Lakshadweep
Islands and Andaman & Nicobar Islands is 7,516.6 km.
PHYSICAL BACKGROU ND
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Countries having a common border with India are

Afghanistan and Pakistan to the north-west, China, Bhutan
and Nepal to the north, Myanmar to the far east and
Bangladesh to the east. Sri Lanka is separated from India
by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and
the Gulf of Mannar. The country can be divided into six
zones mainly North, South, East, West, Central and
Northeast zone. lt has 29 states and seven union
territories.
PHYSICAL FEATURES
The mainland comprises four regions, namely, the great
mountain zone, plains of the Ganga and the Indus, the
desert region and the southern peninsula.
The Himalayas comprise three almost parallel ranges
interspersed with large plateaus and valleys, some of
which, like the Kashmir and Kullu valleys, are fertile,
extensive and of great scenic beauty. Some of the highest
peaks in the world are found in these ranges. The high
altitudes admit travel only to a few passes, notably the
Jelep La and Nathu La on the main Indo-Tibet trade route
through the Chumbi Valley, north-east of Darjeeling and
Shipki La in the Satluj valley, north-east of Kalpa (Kinnaur).
The mountain wall extends over a distance of about 2,400
km with a varying depth of 240 to 320 km. In the east,
between India and Myanmar and India and Bangladesh, hill
ranges are much lower. Garo, Khasi, Jaintia and Naga
Hills, running almost east-west, join the chain to Mizo and
Rkhine Hills running almost east-west, joint the chain to
Mizo and Rhine Hills running north-south.
The plains of the Ganga and the Indus, about 2,400 km
long and 240 to 320 km broad, are formed by basins of
three distinct river systems - the Indus, the Ganga and the
Brahmaputra. They are one of the world's greatest
stretches of flat alluvium and also one of the most densely
populated areas on the earth. Between the Yamuna at
Delhi and the Bay of Bengal, nearly 1,600 km away, there
is a drop of only 200 metres in elevation.
The desert region can be divided into two parts - the

'great desert' and the 'little desert'. The great desert
extends from the edge of the Rann of Kuchch beyond the
Luni river northward. The whole of the Rajasthan-Sind
frontier runs through this. The little desert extends from the
Luni between Jaisalmer and Jodhpur up to the northern
west. Between the great and the little deserts lies a zone of
absolutely sterile country, consisting of rocky land, cut up
by limestone ridges.
The Peninsular Plateau is marked off from the plains of
the Ganga and the Indus by a mass of mountain and hill
ranges varying from 460 to 1,220 metres in height.
Prominent among these are the Aravali, Vindhya, Satpura,
Maikala and Ajanta. The Peninsula is flanked on the one
side by the Eastern Ghats where average elevation is
about 610 metres and on the other by the Western Ghats
where it is generally from 915 to 1,220 metres, rising in
places to over 2,440 metres. Between the Western Ghats
and the Arabian Sea lies a narrow coastal strip, while
between Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal, there is a
broader coastal area. The southern point of plateau is
formed by the Nilgiri Hills where the Eastern and the
Western Ghats meet. The Cardamom Hills lying beyond
may be regarded as a continuation of the Western Ghats.
GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
The geological regions broadly follow the physical features
and may be grouped into three regions: the Himalayas and
their associated group of mountains, the Indo-Ganga Plain
and the Peninsular Shield.
The Himalayan mountain belt to the north and the
Naga-Lushai mountain in the east, are the regions of
mountain-building movement. Most of this area, now
presenting some of the most magnificent mountain scenery
in the world, was under marine conditions about 60 crore
years ago. In a series of mountain-building movements
commencing about seven crore years ago, the sediments

and the basement rocks rose to great heights. The
weathering and erosive elements worked on these to
produce the relief seen today. The Indo-Ganga plains are a
great alluvial tract that separate the Himalayas in the north
from the Peninsula in the south.
The Peninsula is a region of relative stability and
occasional seismic disturbances. Highly metamorphosed
rocks of the earliest periods, dating back as far as 380
crore years, occur in this area; the rest being covered by
the Gondwana formations, lava flows belonging to the
Deccan Trap formation and younger sediments.
RIVER SYSTEMS
The river systems of India can be classified into four groups
viz., (i) Himalayan rivers, (ii) Deccan rivers, (iii) Coastal
rivers, and (iv) Rivers of the inland drainage basin. The
Himalayan rivers are formed by melting snow and glaciers
and therefore, continuously flow throughout the year.
During the monsoon months, Himalayas receive very heavy
rainfall and rivers swell, causing frequent floods. The
Deccan rivers on the other hand are rainfed and therefore
fluctuate in volume. Many of these are non-perennial. The
Coastal streams, especially on the west coast are short in
length and have limited catch ment areas. Most of them are
non-perennial. The streams of inland drainage basin of
western Rajasthan are few and far apart. Most of them are
of an ephemeral character.
The main Himalayan river systems are those of the
Indus and the GangaBrahmaputra-Meghna system. The
Indus, which is one of the great rivers of the world, rises
near Mansarovar in Tibet and flows through India and
thereafter through Pakistan and finally falls into the Arabian
sea near Karachi. Its important tributaries flowing in Indian
territory are the Sutlej (originating in Tibet), the Beas, the
Ravi, the Chenab and the Jhelum. The GangaBrahmaputra-Meghna is another important system of which
the principal sub-basins are those of Bhagirathi and the

Alaknanda, which join at Dey Prayag to form the Ganga. lt
traverses through Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and
West Bengal states. Below Rajmahal hills, the Bhagirathi,
which used to be the main course in the past, takes off,
while the Padma continues eastward and enters
Bangladesh. The Yamuna, the Ramganga, the Ghaghra,
the Gandak, the Kosi, the Mahananda and the Sone are
the important tributaries of the Ganga. Rivers Chambal and
Betwa are the important sub-tributaries, which join Yamuna
before it meets the Ganga. The Padma and the
Brahmaputra join at Bangladesh and continue to flow as
the Padma or Ganga. The Brahmaputra rises in Tibet,
where it is known as Tsangpo and runs a long distance till it
crosses over into India in Arunachal Pradesh under the
name of Dihang. Near Passighat, the Debang and Lohit join
the river Brahmaputra and the combined river runs all along
the Assam valley. lt crosses into Bangladesh downstream
of Dhubri.
The principal tributaries of Brahmaputra in India are the

Subansiri, Jia Bhareli, Dhansiri, Puthimari, Pagladiya and
the Manas. The Brahmaputra in Bangladesh fed by Teesta,
etc. finally falls into Ganga. The Barak river, the head
stream of Meghna, rises in the hills in Manipur. The
important tributaries of the river are Makku, Trang, Tuivai,
Jiri, Sonai, Rukni, Katakhal, Dhaleswari, Langachini,
Maduva and Jatinga. Barak continues in Bangladesh till the
combined Ganga-Brahmaputra join it near Bhairab Bazar.
the Deccan region, most of the major river systems
flowing generally in east direction fall into Bay of Bengal.
The major east flowing rivers are Godavari, Krishna,
Cauvery and Mahanadi. Narmada and Tapti are major
West flowing rivers.
In
The Godavari in the southern Peninsula has the second

largest river basin covering lo per cent of the area of India.
Next to it is the Krishna basin in the region and the
Mahanadi is another large basin of the region. The basin of
the Narmada in the uplands of the Deccan, flowing to the

Arabian Sea and of the Kaveri in the south, falling into the
Bay of Bengal are about the same size, though with
different character and shape.
There are numerous coastal rivers, which are

comparatively small. While only handful of such rivers drain
into the sea near the delta of east coast, there are as many
as 600 such rivers on the west coast.
A few rivers in Rajasthan do not drain into the sea. They
drain into salt lakes and get lost in sand with no outlet to
sea. Besides these, there are the desert rivers which flow
for some distance and are lost in the desert. These are
Luni, Machhu, Rupen, Saraswati, Banas, Ghaggar and
others.
The entire country has been divided into twenty river
basins/group of river basins comprising twelve major basins
and eight composite river basins. The twelve major river
basins are: (1) Indus, (2) Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna, (3)
Godavari, (4) Krishna, (5) Cauvery, (6) Mahanadi, (7)
Pennar, (8) Brahmani-Baitarani, (9) Sabarmati, (10) Mahi,
(11) Narmada and (12) Tapti. Each of these basins has a
drainage area exceeding 20,000 sq. km.
The eight composite river basins combining suitably
together all the other remaining medium (drainage area of
2,000 to 20,000 sq.km) and small river systems (drainage
area less than 2000 sq.km) for the purpose of planning and
management
are:
(1)
Subarnarekha-combining
Subarnarekha
and
other
small
rivers
between
Subarnarekha and Baitarani; (2) East flowing rivers
between Mahanadi and Pennar; (3) East flowing rivers
between Pennar and Kanyakumari; (4) Area of Inland
Drainage in Rajasthan Desert; (5) West flowing rivers of
Kutch and Saurashtra including Luni; (6) West flowing
rivers from Tapi to Tadri; (7) West flowing rivers from Tadri
to Kanyakumari and (8) Minor rivers draining into Myanmar
(Burma) and Bangladesh.
CLIMATE/SEASONS
The climate of India may be broadly described as tropical
monsoon type. The Indian Meteorological Department
(IM D) designates four official seasons: (i) Winter, occurring
from December to early April. The year's coldest months
are December and January, when temperatures average
around 10-15 oc (50-59 F) in the northwest; temperatures
rise as one proceeds towards the equator, peaking around
20-25 c (68-77 F) in mainland India's southeast, (ii)
Summer or pre-monsoon season, lasting from April to June
(April to July in northwestern India). In western and
southern regions, the hottest month is April; for northern
regions, May is the hottest month. Temperatures average
around 32-40 c (90104 F) in most of the interior, (iii)
Monsoon or rainy season, lasting from June to September.
The season is dominated by the humid southwest summer
monsoon, which slowly sweeps across the country
beginning in late May or early June. Monsoon rains begin
to recede from North India at the beginning of October.
South India typically receives more rainfall, and (iv) Postmonsoon season, lasting from October to December. In
northwestern India, October and November are usually
cloudless.
The Himalayan states, being more temperate,
experience an additional two seasons: autumn and spring.
Traditionally, Indians note six seasons, each about two
months long. These are the spring (Sanskrit: vasanta),
summer (grishma), monsoon season (varsha), early
autumn (sharada), late autumn (hemanta), and winter
(shishira). These are based on the astronomical division of
the twelve months into six parts. The ancient Hindu
calendar also reflects these seasons in its arrangement of
months.
India's climate is affected by two seasonal winds-the

north-east monsoon and the south-west monsoon. The
north-east monsoon commonly known as winter monsoon
blows from land to sea whereas south-west monsoon
known as summer monsoon blows from sea to land after

crossing the Indian ocean, the Arabian sea and the Bay of
Bengal. The south-west monsoon brings most of the rainfall
during the year in the country.
FLORA
India is rich in flora. Available data place India in the tenth
position in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity.
From about 70 per cent geographical area surveyed so far,
over 46,000 species of plants have been described by the
Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Kolkata. The vascular flora,
which forms the conspicuous vegetation cover, comprises
15,000 species.
With a wide range of climatic conditions from the torrid

to the arctic, India has a rich and varied vegetation, which
only a few countries of comparable size possess. India can
be divided into eight distinct-floristic-regions, namely, the
western Himalayas, the eastern Himalayas, Assam, the
Indus plain, the Ganga plain, the Deccan, Malabar and the
Andamans.
The Western Himalayan region extends from Kash mir to

Kumaon. Its temperate zone is rich in forests of chir, pine,
other conifers and broad-leaved temperate trees. Higher
up, forests of deodar, blue pine, spruce and silver fir occur.
The alpine zone extends from the upper limit of the
temperate zone of about 4,750 metres or even higher. The
characteristic trees of this zone are high-level silver fir,
silver birch and junipers. The eastern Himalayan region
extends from Sikkim eastwards and embraces Darjeeling,
Kurseong and the adjacent tracts. The temperate zone has
forests of oaks, laurels, maples, rhododendrons, alder and
birch. Many conifers, junipers and dwarf willows also grow
here. The Assam region comprises the Brahmaputra and
the Surma valleys with evergreen forests, occasional thick
clumps of bamboos and tall grasses. The Indus plain region
comprises the plains of Punjab, western Rajasthan and
northern Gujarat. It is dry, hot and supports natural
vegetation. The Ganga plain region covers the area which

is alluvial plain and is under cultivation for wheat,
sugarcane and rice. Only small areas support forests of
widely differing types. The Deccan region comprises the
entire table land of the Indian Peninsula and supports
vegetation of various kinds from shrub jungles to mixed
deciduous forests. The Malabar region covers the
excessively humid belt of mountain country parallel to the
west coast of the Peninsula. Besides being rich in forest
vegetation, this region produces important commercial
crops, such as coconut, betelnut, pepper, coffee, tea,
rubber and cashewnut. The Andaman region abounds in
evergreen, mangrove, beach and diluvial forests. The
Himalayan region extending from Kashmir to Arunachal
Pradesh through Sikkim, Meghalaya and Nagaland and the
Deccan Peninsula is rich in endemic flora, with a large
number of plants which are not found elsewhere.
The flora of the country is being studied by BSI and its
nine circle/field offices located all over the country along
with certain universities and research institutions.
Ethno-botanical study deals with the utilisation of plants

and plant products by ethnic races. A scientific study of
such plants has been done by BSI. A number of detailed
ethno-botanical explorations have been conducted in
different tribal areas of the country. More than 800 plant
species of ethnobotanical interest have been collected and
identified at different centres.
Owing to destruction of forests for agricultural, industrial
and urban development, several Indian plants are facing
threat of extinction. About 1,336 plant species are
considered vulnerable and endangered. About 20 species
of higher plants are categorised as possibly extinct, as
these have not been sighted during the last 6-10 decades.
BSI brings out an inventory of endangered plants in the
form of a publication titled Red Data Book.
Faunal Resources of India
India is very rich in terms of biological diversity due to its

unique
biogeographical location, diversified climate
conditions and enormous ecodiversity and geodiversity.
India's
immense
biological diversity
encompasses
ecosystems, populations, species and their genetic makeup. This diversity can be attributed to the vast variety in
physiography and climatic situations resulting in a diversity
of ecological habitats ranging from tropical, sub-tropical,
temperate, alpine to desert. According to world
biogeographic classification, India represents two of the
major realms (the Palearctic and Indo-Malayan) and three
biomes (Tropical Humid Forests, Tropical Dry/Deciduous
Forests and Warm Deserts/Semi-Deserts). Wildlife Institute
of India has proposed a modified classification-which
divides the country into lo biogeographic regions: TransHimalayan, Himalayan, Indian Desert, Semi-Arid, Western
Ghats, Deccan Peninsula, Gangetic Plain, North East India
Islands and Coasts. In the light of Biodiversity Convention,
India holds a unique position with the priority of
conservation of natural resources and sustainable
development. Infact, within only about 2% of world's total
land surface, India is known to have over 7.50% of the
species of animals that the world holds and this percentage
accounts nearly for 92,037 species so far known, of which
insects alone include 61,375 species. It is estimated that
about two times that number of species still remains to be
discovered in India alone.
Taxoiomic group
PROTISTA (Protozoa)
ANIMALIA
Mtsozoa
Porifpra
Cnidaiia
Ctanophora
4o. o
spcios
Wrld
Iid
31250
2577
824
14.08
10.70
10.07
12.00
rn
1ndi
71
10
4562
9923
500
999
100
17511
1639
9.35
2500
3000
330
100
13.20
100
lO
AcanthocQphala
30028
800
Sipuncula
Moihisca
Echitra
66535
127
2878
229
35
5155
43
10.00
.58
28.62
24.14
AnnIida
12701
82
lOO
LOO
999059
55536
867516
73444
600
3000
7500
71480
7.15
8.28
7.07
7.04
120
4
2
PIh1jinth
Rotifr.
Gastrotrlcha
Kinorhyncha
kmatoda
Onychophora
Arthropoda
Crustcca
Intacta
Arachnda
Pycnogonida
Chikipoda
Dlpopnda
Symphyla
Mernstomata
P1wronda
Bryozoa (Ectoprocta)
Ernoprocta
Brachiopoda
Chaatognatha
Tdi'ada
Echlnodermata
Hemkhordaa
oTdata
ProlochordMa
Pisces
Arnphlbta
RepUlta
Aiea
Maininalli
145
12
2941
61375
5833
111
514
6223
120
46499
2106
21734
5185
5819
9026
4629
7.75
3386
66.3
17
2.83
100
162
3.33
2.16
3.33
50.00
27.27
3,00
3
200
11
4000
60
300
3.33
10
3
30
30
16.66
1.00
27.02
767
12.33
10.00
10.65
12
5163
5.83
III
5,65
2641
312
462
1232
397
12.15
6.02
7.94
1366
8.58
Total (Anlmalia)
1195739
894643
7.48
Grand Total (ProLIsLa+Animalia)
1227009
92O87
7.50
Source: Animal Discovery 2011, Compiled by: Director, ZSI (Updated
January, 2012)
DEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND
CENSUS
The Census of India 2001, was historic and epoch making,
being the first census of the twenty-first century and the
third millennium. lt reveals benchmark data on the state of
abundant human resources available in the country, their
demography, culture and economic structure at a juncture,

which marks a centennial and millenial transition.
Census 2011 was the 15th Census of India since 1872.
It was held in two phases:
1.
2.
House listing and Housing Census (April to Sept.

2010) and
Population Enumeration (gth to 28th February 2011

with Revisional round during 1st to 5th March,201 1).
Reference Date was 0.00 hour of 1st March 2011. In

snow bound areas, the Population Enumeration was
conducted from 11th to 30th September 2010. The

Final Population data was released on 30.04.13. The
general trends of census 2011 are being mentioned
as under:
Population: Persons-1210.7 million; Males 623.2
million; and Females 587.5 million.
Density of Population 2001-2011: Density in 2001:325
and density in 2011-382, differnce being 17.5%
(density is defined as the number of persons/sq km.)
Gender composition of Population 2011: Overall sex
ratio at the National level has increased by 7 points
since census 2001 to reach 943 at census 2011. This
is the highest sex ratio recorded since census 1991.
As per the census 2011, literates constituted 73.0 per
cent of the total population aged seven and above
and illiterates formed 27.0 per cent. Literacy rate has
gone up from 64.8 per cent in 2001 to 73.0 per cent
showing an increase of 8.2 percentage points. It is
encouraging to note that out of total of 202,810,720
literates
added
during
the
decade,
female
104,660,657 outnumber male 98,150,063.
www.censusindia.gov.in
POPULATION
The population of India as on March 1st 2011 stood at

1,210.7 million (623.2 million males and 587.5 million
females). India accounts for a meagre 2.4 per cent of the
world surface area of 135.79 million sq.km. Yet, it supports
and sustains a whopping per cent of the world population.
The population of India, which at the turn of the
twentieth century was around 238.4 million, increased to
reach 1210.6 million by 2011. The population of India as
recorded at each decennial census from 1901 has grown
steadily except for a decrease during 1911-21.
POPULATION DENSITY
One of the important indices of population concentration is
the density of population. It is defined as the number of
persons per sq.km. The population density of India in 2011
was 382 per sq km-decadal growth 17.54 per cent.
The density of population increased in all States and

Union Territories between 1991 and 2011. Among major
states, Bihar is the most thickly populated state with (a
population density of) 1,106 persons per sq.km. followed by
West Bengal 1,028 and Kerala 860.
SEX RATIO
Sex ratio, defined as the number of females per thousand
males is an important social indicator to measure the extent
of prevailing equality between males and females in a
society at a given point of time. The sex ratio in the country
has always remained unfavourable to females. It was 972
at the beginning of the 20th century and thereafter showed
continuous decline until 1941. The sex ratio from 19012011 has registered a 10 point increase at census 2011
over 2001; however, child sex ratio has declined to 919 per
thousand male.
LITERACY
For the purpose of census 2011, a person aged seven and
above, who can both read and write with understanding in

any language, is treated as literate. A person, who can only
read but cannot write, is not literate. In the censuses prior
to 1991, children below five years of age were necessarily
treated as illiterates.
The results of 2011 census reveal that there has been
an increase in literacy in the country. The literacy rate in the
country is 73.0 per cent, 80.9 for males and 64.6 for
females.
Kerala retained its position by being on top with a 94 per
cent literacy rate, closely followed by Lakshadweep (86.66
per cent). Bihar with a literacy rate of 61 .8 per cent ranks
last in the country. Kerala also occupies the top spot in the
country both in male literacy with 96.1 per cent and female
literacy with 92.1 per cent. On the contrary, Bihar has
recorded the lowest literacy rates both in case of males
(71 .2 per cent) and females (51 .5 per cent).
EFFECTIVE LITERACY RATES STATES/UTs BY

GENDER
Kerala ranks first in the country with a literacy rate of 93.91
per cent, closely followed by Lakshadweep (92.28 per cent)
and Mizoram (91.58 per cent). Bihar with a literacy rate of
63.82 per cent ranks in the country preceded by Arunachal
Pradesh (66.95 per cent) and Rajasthan (67.06 per cent).
Among the major States, Maharashtra (82.91 per cent)
comes after Kerala, followed by Tamil Nadu. (80.33 per
cent). The States and Union Territories with literacy rates
below the National average (77.04 per cent) are Jammu
and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattigarh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand,
Odhisa, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.
TABLE 1: POPULATION AND ITS GROWTH,

INDIA: 1901-2011
j
11111
I.Iil
Notes:
working out 'Decadal Growth' and 'Percentage Decadal

Growth' for India 1941-51 and 1951-61 the population of
Tuensang district for 1951 (7,025) and the population of
Tuensang (83,501) and Mon (5,774) districts for 1961 Census of
Nagaland state have not been taken into account asthe areas
went in for census for the first time in 1951 and the same are not
comparable.
2. The 1981 Census could not be held owing to disturbances in
Assam. Hence the population figures for 1981 of Assam have
been worked out by 'interpolation'.
3. The 1991 Census could not be held owing to disturbances in
Jammu and Kashmir. Hence the population figures for 1991 of
Jammu and Kashmirhave been worked out by 'interpolation'.
4. The population figures of India and Manipur, includes estimated
figures of three sub-divisions, viz., Mao Maram, Paomata and
Purul of Senapatidistrict of Manipur state for census 2001 and
2011 due to administrative reasons
1.
In
TABLE 2: PERCENTAGE DECADAL

VARIATION IN POPULATION: 1901-1911 TO
2001 -2011
4
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Note: *provjsjonal Population Totals-India
TABLE 3: TOTAL POPULATION GROWTH

DURING 2001 -2011, INDIA/STATE/UNION
TERRITORY
k
I
Note: The population figures of India and Manipur includes estimated

Purul ofSenapati district of Manipur state for census 2001 & 2011
due to administrative reasons.
TABLE-4: RANKING OF STATES BY DENSITY

2001 -2011
n 2011
1
2011
2
INDIA
2.
NC. T of Odhi
Chadigarh
3.
Puduhrry
4.
S.
Daman & Diu

Lakshadwaep
6.
1.
Dnity
StatQs
Rank
Rank
2001
4
382
325
11320
9340
7900
9528
2547
n 20(11
S
2034
2191
1413
2149
3895
Bihr
1102
88!
7.
Weat BQngdl
1028
03
S.
Karala
819
9.
690
700
449
478
10
13
Uttar Pradash
Dadr & Naar Havcli
!-hryana
TamjI Nado
Psinab
860
829
14.
15.
36.
10.
11.
12.
573
13
551
480
484
13
Jhakhnd
414
338
14
Anam
398
15
Goa
394
340
364
17
shtra
17.
555
365
12
16
350
19.
r1ptua
Karnataka
315
305
319
276
19
20.
Gujar.a
308
258
20
21.
Andhra Pradeah
21
Odtsha
Madhya Pradesh
308
270
236
200
277
22.
236
196
22
165
24
18.
23.
24.
18
23
25.
26.
chha(tisgarh
titiarakhand
189
189
154
159
25
26
27.
332
103
27
123
109
28
29.
30.
Meghalaya
I1ImchaI Pradeab
Nagaland
MMiipur
119
120
29
115
103
30
31.
SlkIdm
86
76
31
32.
33.
Jamrno & Kahm1r

Mizoram
324
52
100
42
32
33
34.
Aridaman & Nicobar Isdls.
46
43
34
35.
Arunachal Pradesh
37
13
35
28.
TABLE 5: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION,

SEX RATIO, DENSITY AND DECADAL
GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION:2011
J
,,
Tt1
1i,,it,
Urur krr,trv
M1es
FemIes
?oput(Lon
rLo-
per 100
I'ersons
ic
(emak
ety
Pesq.
km)
Dec.idal
gmvth
rate
INDIA'
l,21,0193422
224x248
58,6449,174
940
582
11.64
Jmnu
nd Kahm1r
HIxuda1 Rad&i
1,32.48,926
6645591
58,63,365
863
124
2.371
2.
68,56$
34,73,892
33,62.617
914
123
92.81
3.
Punjab
2,27,04236
2,46,34,819
1,3069,417
893
550
13.73
4.
andlgath
10,54,686
5,08.282
4,74,404
818
9,252
17.10
S.
Uitankand
1,02,16,752
51,54,178
89,62,574
963
189
19.17
6.
Haryana
53.53,061
1,35,05,130
1,18,47,951
671
573
1990
1,67,53,239
89,76,410
77,76,025
866
L1,297
3,30,00,928
926
1.
7.
cr+or
201
23.96
21.44
8.
Rajasfiun
6,07,21,012
3,56.20,086
9.
Unni Pndeah
19,95,61,477
1045,96415
O9,,G62
9018
628
10.
Biliar
I039,U4457
54182.347
4,96,19,290
916
1,102
11.
5&Idm
67,608
3.21461
2,86,4327
089
86
12.36
12
Ariruclul Pradesh
13,02,613
7,241,232
6,62,371
920
17
251)2
13.
Nagaland
19,80402
10,28,70?
9,84,895
931
119
-04.47
14.
Maniput
2723.756
13,59,764
13,51,992
9*7
122
99.65
15-
Mam
19,93,014
5,52,339
5.28475
975
52
22,76
16.
taipura
36,73,032
1871,867
17,99,165
961
350
14.75
17.
Meghahya
29,64,927
1472468
1471,339
986
132
27.82
10.
Assam
3,1146,272
1,5%54,9Z'
1,52,14,345
954
397
161)3
13A7,736
446,27,385
4.44,20,2.47
947
1,4229
13.92
22.34
19.
st Berrgal
.89
251)7
20.
Jbarkharid
329,66,238
14623,686
1,60,34,550
947
414
21.
Odisha
4,19,47,358
2,12,01,670
2,07,45460
918
269
131)7
22.
ChhatUsgarh
1,55,40,196
1,28,27915
1,27,12281
991
189
2239
21.
Madhya Pradesh
7,25,87,565
376,12,920
2,4946445
920
236
2130
24.
Cujazal
6,03,03,628
2,14.82,282
2,89,01,346
918
30*
19.17
25.
Damau and Diu'
2,42011
1,541,107
92,011
618
2,189
5334
3,42453
1,93,170
1j42.675
775
658
5550
11,22,72,927
5,83,61,387
540,11575
925
365
151)9
garHav)r
26.
27.
Maharashtca
28.
Andhra Pradah
84645533
4,25,99461
4,95.652
992
39*
11.10
29.
Karnalaka
6,11,30,704
3,1057,742
3,03,72,962
968
319
15.61
30.
Goa
1457723
7,10711
7,17,012
968
394
4.17
31.
Lakshadwmp'
64,429
33,106
31,373
946
2,013
62)
32.
lra1a
3,33$7,6fl
14021,290
173,66,187
1,084
859
4.86
33.
Tarrdl Nadu
7.21.38.958
3,61,58,871
3,59,00,087
995
555
15.60
34.
Ptiduchnrry'
Mdamar& Nicc'barlslands'
12,44,464
6,10,485
6,33,979
1,028
2,598
27.77
3,79,944
2,02,330
1,77,614
878
46
35,
TABLE-6 SEX RATIO: 1901 -2011

Census
Year Sex Ratio

(Females per 1,000 males)
1901
1911
1921
1931
1941
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
972
964
955
950
945
946
941
930
934
927
933
943
Notes:
For 1981, interpolated figures for Assam have been used.

for Jammu and Kashmir have
been used.
3. The population figures of India and Manipur, includes estimated
Purul of Senapati district of Manipur state for census 2001 and
2011 due to administrative reasons.
1.
2. For 1991, interpolated figures
TABLE 7: SEX RATIO (FEMALES PER 1,000

MALES): 1901-2011
Note
For working out the sex ratio of India and Assam for 1981,
interpolated figures for Assam have been used.
2. For working out the sex ratio of India and Jammu & Kashmir for
1991, interpolated figures for Jammu and Kashmir have been
used.
3. The sex ratio for Arunachal Pradesh is not available for the
years 1901-1951 and for Puducherry it is not available for the
years 1901, 1931 and 1941.
1.
TABLE 8: RANKING OF STATES/UT BY

LITERACY RATE AMONG PERSONS, MALES
AND FEMALES, 2011 CENSUS
5
tSL1159jLUISJISSI
L
t
I"(4
Oli
Lsssp',,vi
ti,
i
'lt
l5L
"It
755915
JIlt'
515455
515141559
1141J1C4VI
tl5t5j51153151!I4
.SIrtse'LIi
'I'CI
14
(19
5554.15
1.59.5)55
eIS
Lis
'IL
(11
OiS
'IL
Itt
SS15JL
14(515J
Fil
INTTt'Ll5151715W
Vil
659
59
59519159
dwpnp.4
959
SL4
1L'Lt
(4
1F55311 CL'"4
Lit
Itt
(Ci
F511
ill
rus
ti
'h
55111 "III
1(4
'5,''IS'LCLVUS'SF5L
5,59
lIFLJ5L59
159
511(4151(1
41*
tllt]JLYI
597555V 51511911514'?
Lt
'(I'd
515
1"4r55)
il
lS'L'LIl S'CLILI
t'il
'5(41151455
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ltq1UCLYC5
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il
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ii
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(Lt
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lit
i''5
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45,4
45,!
S'CL lil5i
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t1VC.lY5
5CL)
Fil
"CL
Yi
'-''fI
4(4
YCL(is5
r5,t
It
l'55
(It
CL
'NI)
lit
lisiiltt
(Ii
'L"II llS.i.IiYisi,
it
'i
lit
'Il'H
tI.t
I'CL.)
Cil
Uil
lw'1'ocL
L1'atrJ,iTlilfl'lc
tilt
NItilsirit
flL
'ixLt,.'t'ti
tIlt
(45
ll'Pwv
n'I.tl'rt
(L,
Lt
ii
CL
4
is
ir
CL
fl4W1'?Y]JJY
'r"'W
plmr,a
IL
It
Sit
punnJ
FLY
i!W41
Ii,
,SinlS.
!LtW5
151
I'4>-"Lt tPSI
uS
44
(Lt
'-JI'P"V
(L
lILt
rsr'ulYtlnp
FIL4F']I'Y
(5,4
LFPfl1ll'PJT1JY
Lis
(4
r.wW'rb
FLu
JTflIt5T!WII
6't
'N(L'L
itL
-'LtIL
Lt
Note
1.
Manipur Figures exclude those three sub-divisions viz., Mao

Maram, Paomata and Purul of Senapati district of Manipur for
census of 2011, Literacy rates relate to thepopulation aged
seven years and above.
TABLE-9 LITERACY RATE IN INDIA: 19512011

Census Year
Perans
Femaks
Male-Peinais
ap
in literacy raLo
1
1951
1833
2L16
886
1961
28.3
404
15.35
2505
1971
34,45
4596
2197
2398
1911
43.87
56.38
29.76
26,52
1991
5221
6413
3929
2484
2001
64.83
78.26
53.67
2159
2011
7404
8214
6546
1668
1830
Notes:
Literacy rates for 1951,1961 and 1971 Census relate to

population aged five years and above. The rates for the 1981,
1991, 2001 and 2011 Census relate to the population aged
seven years and above.
2. The 1981 literacy rates exclude Assam where the 1981 Census
could not be conducted. The 1991 Census Literacy rates
exclude Jammu & Kashmir.
1.
TABLE 10: LITERATES AND LITERACY

RATES BY SEX: 2011
Ua
Ii/Sf
5ie
1NDEA
MIe
Iiuks
74.04
82.14
65.46
72.45,053
43,70,604
28,74,449
68.74
78.36
38.01
51,01,506
27,91,642
23,13,96.1
83.78
90.83
1660
1,89,88,611
1,0626288
83,61$23
76.68
81.-18
71.34
OiandLgath
8,09,683
4,68,166
3,41487
86.43
90.54
81.38
Lit,rhiid
69,97,433
39,30,174
30,67,289
79.63
833
7670
J.aimnuiJ K,68mi4r
2.
Ihnuclal
3.
Prrj*
5.
LiieracvR%)
Peoris
77,84,M,1?O 44,42,03,762 33,450,358
I.
4.
Frnk
NIk
Pxrs
Un1OITCtY'
UT
Prd'sh
6.
1Iryan
149,01,324
99,91.838
69,12,486
76.84
85.38
66.77
7.
NCTct3eIh?
1,,63,352
72,10,050
55,53.302
86.3-4
91.03
80.93
R4l5Ihan
349,7D$J
2,41,84,782
1,47,85,218
67.06
80.53
32.66
9.
1ur Prdeh
114921,805
7,04,79,196
4,79,41,609
4Q72
79.24
59.26
5,13,90,254
7,11,975
2,16,78,279
63.82
73i9
53.33
4,49,291
2,52364
1,95,930
82.20
87.29
76.43
749,943
4,54.532
3,35,411
66.95
73.69
59.57
IO.
B:ih.0
IL
Sin
Pr&1
12.
njth,I
13.
N,i1nd
13,37,579
7,31,796
6,25283
8011
83.29
76.69
Il.
M.atipor1
18,19,196
10,25.733
8,64,436
79.85
85.49
73.17
15
Mizrm
8,47,597
4,38,949
4,08443
9158
93,77
89.40
16.
Tipura
28,31,742
15,15,973
13,15,269
87.75
91.18
83.15
17.
MhIy
18,17,761
9,24,091
8,63,671)
75.48
77,17
73.78
Am
1,95,07,017
1,07,56,937
87,50,180
73,18
78.81
67.27
19.
I4tB96.l
6,26,11,546
2,45,03,159
281,06,397
77.08
82,67
71.16
20.
JIrkJn1
1,87,53,660
1,11.04,6.19
75,S5O1l
6763
76.45
36.21
21.
OdhIl,1
2,71,12,376
1,53,26,036
1,17,86,340
73.15
82.40
64.36
22.
ChhIrh
155.98,314
89,42,121
65.36,192
7I4
81.45
60.59
23.
Madhy Pr,dih
4,38,J93
2,58,48,137
1,79,79,166
7036
50.53
60.02
24.
Cuj.arat
4,19,48,677
249,95,500
1,79,52,177
79.31
17.23
7673
25.
[Lrnn and Du'
26.
Dadra
27.
IB.
1,83,974
1,24,911
64,063
87.37
9341
7,51
2,28,026
1,44,916
83,112
77.25
86.46
65,93
Nlrhra
8,25,12225
4,62,94041
3,62,18,184
82.91
89.32
75.43
28.
MxUwa Prade6
5,11,38,510
2,87,59,682
2.25.78,728
67.66
75.56
59.74
29.
Krnaiak,
4,10,29,323
2,28,16,448
1,82,20,855
75.60
82.85
63.13
30.
Coa
11,52,117
6,20,026
5,32,091
87,40
92.81
8l.84
21.
1Akh.dwp'
52914
26,249
24,663
9218
96.11
86.23
32.
iwa1,
2,82.34227
1,37,55,888
1,44,78,339
93.91
95.02
91.98
33.
tamil
5,24,13,116
2,83,14,595
2,40,98,521
60.33
86.81
73.86
34
pududwrty
9,65,600
5,02,375
1,64,025
86.55
92.12
81.22
35.
Am1amn &NibIid?2,93,695
1,61,219
1,29,476
86.27
90.11
81.84
iid
Naar 1bvII'
Nadu
Note: Matter has been provided as in Census of India 2011.
TABLE-11 POPULATION OF STATES/UNION

TERRITORIES BY SEX AND PERCENTAGE
SHARE OF POPULATION IN TOTAL
POPULATION 2011
hdla/Siaie/tJnlon Territory
Ttnal population
Males
I'
UT
Prcent.age
enaks
toII
In
pou1auion
3
121,01.93,122
62,37,34246
56,64,69,174
100.00
1$,48,926
66,6S$61
56.53,365
1.01
68.56,509
34,73,592
33.52.417
0.57
Z77,{M,236
1,46,34,519
1,30,69417
2.29
INDIA
!anunundKashmr
2.
HImadiaIPndc1i
3.
PIIa1,
4.
ChamdJgah
10,54,686
5,50,762
4,74,104
Q1)
5.
Uia1iand
1,01.16,752
51,54,178
49.62.574
0.81
&
Haiyana
Z53$3l
1,35,06,130
L18,47$5l
2.09
7.
NCTolDIh1'
1,57,55,235
09,76,410
7726,525
1.38
S.
Rajathan
6,56,71,012
3,56,20066
3,30,00,926
5.67
9.
UUrPradsh
19,95,51,477
10,45,96,115
9,45,55,062
1&49
IS.
Biliar
10,38,04437
S,4L$5,347
4,%,39$0
8.58
11.
Slklcbn
6,07,688
3,21,561
266,0V
0(5
12.
Arunada1Prad&i
i3524ll
720232
6.62379
0.11
13.
19,50,602
10,25,707
9,54,596
(IlS
14.
Ngaland
Mantpur
37,21,756
1,6Q,7(1
l3,5I,2
(In
15.
Mlzoram
10.91,014
5.52.339
5,38,675
0.09
IS.
Tnpura
3671,032
18,71,567
17,59,165
(130
17.
MliaIaya
29,047
14,92,668
14,71,339
0.24
16.
Aiaain
1ll.6U.2J2
156$4,QV
1,52,14,346
2.58
19.
WeR 8engal
9,33,47,736
4,6927,369
4,4420,347
7.55
20.
Jhakhand
3,29,56,238
1,69,31,568
1,60,34.550
2.72
4,19,47,356
2,12,01678
2,02,45,581)
145
2.55,40,196
1,28,27,915
1,22,12,781
221
7,25,'Tl,SSS
3,76,12,9)
3,19,54,015
6.09
6,03,53,628
3,142
2,59,01,346
4.99
21.
)dla2ia
23.
Chbttirh
Madhia E'idh
24,
Giiarai
25.
Da,nanandD1f
2,42.911
1,50,100
92,511
0.02
26.
Dadra and Nagair 1avli'
3,12,853
1,9317
1,19,675
(1.03
27.
Maharashtr,
9.29
28.
29.
AhdhraPrdish
KanaIak
30.
31.
L'tkahadwcp'
32.
22.
11,23,72,972
5,53,61,397
6,10.11,575
6,48.48,533
4,25,09,581
4,21,55,562
7.00
6,11,30,704
3,10,57,742
3,00,72,962
515
14.57,723
7,40,711
7,17,012
0.12
64,429
34,106
21,323
0.01
Kerala
3,33.57,677
140.21,790
1,73.66387
2.76
33.
Tainil Nadu
7,21.38,958
3,61,58,571
3,59,80,087
5.96
34.
Iduclwi'ry'
12,44,4(4
6,10,485
6,33,979
1)10
35.
Andaman&Nkthar(slands'
3.79,944
2,02,330
1,27,614
0.03
TABLE-12 STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES

BY POPULATION IN DESCENDING ORDER
AND RANK IN 2001 AND 2011 CENSUS
Rink
Se/UnbTeniIcrv
To1a1ppdatien2J1l
Perm.1
sI
Rmk tn2lJM
(kai otlr.dLe
2011
1
2011
21101
Uttaf Pradcsh
Maherasiitra
19,98,12,341
16.50
16.16
10,2374,330
9.42
Olhar
West BengaL
10,40,99,452
9,12,76,115
8.07
7.79
4.
9.28
8.60
7.54
Andhre Pradeh
8,45,80.777
6.99
7.41
6.
Madhya Pradesh
7,26,26,809
6.00
5.81
7.
7,21,47,030
5.96
6.07
8.
Taefl Nadu
Rajatlmn
6,85,48,437
5.66
5.49
9.
Karnataka
6,10,95297
5.05
5.14
6,04,39.692
4.99
4.93
10
11.
Gujarat
Odlslia
4,19,74,218
3,47
3.58
11
12.
Bersia
3,34,06,061
2.76
3.10
12
13.
harlthand
3,29,88,134
2.72
2.62
13
14.
Astarn
3,12,05,576
2.58
2.59
14
15.
linijab
2,77,43,338
2.29
2.37
iS
16.
2.55.45.198
2.11
2.03
17
17.
Chatilsgarh
Haryana
2,53,51,462
2.09
2.116
16
18.
NCT o( Delhi
1,67,87,941
1.39
LIS
18
19.
Jainmu
& Kashmir
Ullarakiiaiid
1,25,41,302
1.04
0.99
19
1,09,86,292
0.83
0.83
20
-liniathaI Pfadaah
Tripura
68,64.602
0.57
0.59
21
36.73.917
0.30
0,31
22
2966,889
0.25
0.23
23
24.
Meghaisys
Manipur
27,27,749
0.23
0.22
24
25.
NagaIard
09.78.502
0.16
0.19
25
26.
Gua
14,58,545
0.12
0.13
26
27.
Arunachal Pcadeeh
13,83.727
0.11
0.11
27
28.
Puduchrry
ll,47,953
0.10
3.09
28
29.
Mizoram
10,97,206
0.09
0.09
30
30.
Chandiarh
10,55.450
0.09
0.09
29
31.
SlIckini
6,10,577
0.05
0.05
33
32.
Andaman & NtcoO,ar 1s1ad3,80.58l
0.03
0.03
32
33.
3,43,709
0.03
0.02
33
34.
Dadra and Negar Haveli

Damen & Dtu
2.43.247
0.02
0.02
34
35.
Lakehadweep
64,473
0.01
0.01
35
1.
2.
3.
30.
20.
20.
22
23.
Note
1.
India and Manipur figures include estimated figures for those of

the three sub-divisions viz., Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul of
Senapati district of Manipur for census of 2011.
TABLE-13 TOTAL POPULATION

PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED CASTES AND
SCHEDULED TRIBES: 2011
tfUnionTentoiy
SI
lobi pLuI3tio
Foci
No
i.
2.
3.
4.
5,
6.
7,
8.
9.
INOIA
ammu id Kihmir
Hlinachal Pradcah
Ptrjab
Cliandlgarh
Uflara1hand
Haryana
NCToDoihi
Raasthan
Utta Prakah
10.
Bthar
li.
Sflcklin
12.
13.
Araichl
14.
15.
16.
Fradr1i
Nagaland
Manipur'
Mlzoram
Trlpura
17.
18.
19.
Meg}iaiaya
20.
21.
22.
23.
24,
25.
26,
27.
28.
29.
Jharkhand
Odisha
Chhattlsgarh
Madhya Pradesh
Gujara
Daman and Dlu
Dadia and Nagar Haveli
Maharashira
Andhra Pradash
Karnataka
30.
31.
32.
Goa
Aam
Wt
Bangal
Lakshadwsp
33.
Korala
Tarnil Nadu
34.
35.
Puducheny
Andarnan & Nimbar Islands
11,10,570
12,543
6,865
27.743
1.055
10,086
25,351
16,788
68,548
1,99,812
MJs
4
ETrTh1
Ionak's
5
2,01,378 10,42,81
925
1493
1,729
8,860
199
392
NST
NST
292
NST
NST
9239
l.04,0999
1,693
3,114
2,612
12,222
43,356
16,567
611
28
2136
1,384
NSC
NSC
97
1711
1,97'9
2,570
1,097
3.674
2.967
31,206
91,276
32,988
41,974
25.545
72,627
60,440
243
344
1,12,374
84,581
61,095
1,459
64
33,408
72,147
1,245
SIl
1134
1337
962
903
shrohitotaI
popuWii
6
16.6
7.4
25.2
31.9
18.9
18.8
20.2
16.8
17.8
20.7
15.9
4.6
NSC
NSC
5.8
l036
0.1
655
1167
17
2,231
2556
3884
5297
8645
9591
7823
15317
8917
25
149
NSC
3,040
14,438
196
485
795
NST
17.8
0.6
7.2
23.5
12.1
17.1
12.8
15.6
6.7
2.5
1,8
11.8
16.4
17.1
1.7
NSC
9.1
20.0
15.7
NSC
29
NSC
21,463
5,986
7,188
3,274
11,342
4,074
6
15
179
10510
13,276
13,878
10,475
3Q18
4249
61
Note
India and Manipur Figures exclude those of the three subdivisions viz., Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul of Senapati
district of Manipur for census of 2011.
TABLE-14 RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION

PrcnLg
Popu1Lion (Million)
Year
isiis
of Lo11 population
Rural
Urban
Rur.l
Urban
1901
213
26
89.20
10Ml)
1911
226
26
89.70
10.30
1921
223
28
88,80
11.22
1951
246
53
88.00
12.1)1)
1941
275
44
8610
13.91)
1951
299
62
82.70
17.30
1961
360
79
82.00
18MO
1971
439
109
81110
19MO
1951
524
159
76.70
23.30
1991
629
218
74.30
25.71)
2001
743
286
72.20
27MO
2011
534
377
68.85
31.15
Notes:
The Population figures of India and Manipur figures include

estimated figures of the three sub-divisions viz., Mao Maram,
Paomata and Purul of Senapati district of Manipur for census of
2001 and 2011 due to administrative reasons.
2. The 1991 Census could not be held owing to disturbed
conditions prevailing in Jammu and Kashmir, hence the
population figures for 1991 of Jammu and Kashmir have been
worked out by interpolation.
3. The 1981 Census could not be held in Assam. The figures for
1981 for Assam have been worked out by interpolation.
1.
TABLE-15 POPULATION BY CLASS OF

TOWN, INDIA-2011 CENSUS (IN '000)
Class of Town
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
1,00,000 and above

50,000-99,999
20,000-49,999
10,000-1 9,999
5,000-9,999
Lessthan 5,000
All Classes
Urban population as percentage to total
population
2011
2,27,899
41,328
58,174
31,866
15,883
1,956
3,77,106
31 .2
TABLE-16 DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES

ACCORDING TO POPULATION CENSUS 2011
AND TOTAL NUMBER OF INHABITED
VILLAGES
5itfUTs
Na
10,000
1,000-
2-
1.000-
500-
200-
and
9.999
4.999
1,999
999
499
ab
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
jarnmuandKashmir23
1-limachal
Pi.adh
200
4
212
ii
1152
1641
1521
41
330
219
2227
832
3471
2459
3237
21
471
824
1967
1826
1035
121
NCTofDehi
Uftarl'radash
546
Ethar
1129
96
594
9
832
3432
3216
RajaaI1an
120
iL
Sik.kim
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Arunachal Pr.idsh
Na9aIand
Maii1ptir
30
28
Mizoram
Tripura
Meghalaya
18
131
7
Assan
IO, Wol8on8a1
18.
20.
21.
22.
23,
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30,
31.
32.
33.
34.
35,
Jh.arkhand
Odliha
417
35
309
1716
224
10
195
21
Chhafttagarh
2
Madhya Pradash
31
Gujarat
166
Dainan and Diti
0
Dadra & Naar HavoIl 1
Mah11rashra
310
Andhra Pradsh
482
Kamataka
164
Con
1
Lakahadweep
0
Kerala
797
Tamil Nadu
209
PuducFairry
Ardarnan&Nic1,ar
Purtjab
Chandigarh
Uttarakharid
I4aryana
Thta1,,ur
than
88
583
963
.5
1175
1923
836
14
2256
1275 513
5898 8461
1903
959
4684 7823
437 232
55
21
6
2
4
5802 10530 12421 8869 490
21013 28020 23381 13591 7832
10138 10076 7536 4584 2404
42
127
150
75
27
1026 1773
21
912
325
158
240
337
423 211
175
230
377
766 794
43
105
233
336 85
375
196
80
52
11
82
953
254
2515 2648
3304 .5718 6078 5649 4295
7552 8731 6574 6848 3640
2365 5215 7948 8249 5456
3058 7902 11978 1327111263
1913 5392 6142 4252 1775
5084 12515 16339 11943 5434
5566 3891 1900 576
4781
0
4
5
3
7
28
18
6
5
1
7170 12154 11144 6426 2582
7158 6397
3243 2838
4433 6492 7039 5296 3137
75
87
57
29
57
146
58
Ii
1490
26
5100
1171
472
4231
13
53
2376
61
78
178
46
24
aflithaL.Ied
1Lgvi
10
6337
17882
12168
5
15745
6642
103
43264
97814
39073
425
5258
1400
2379
704
863
6459
25372
37478
29492
47677
19567
51929
17843
19
65
40969
26286
27397
320
6
1017
15049
90
396
Islands
Notes:
India and Jammu & Kashmir State exclude the villages of the areas
under unlawful occupation of Pakistan and China where Census
could not be taken.
India and Manipur Figures excludes those of the three sub-divisions

viz., Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul of Senapati district of Manipur
as census results 2011 in these subdivisions were not included due
to technical and administrative reasons.
1.
Provisional figures

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Land and the

"INDIA is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of

Countries having a common border with India are

is a drop of only 200 metres in elevation.

The desert region can be divided into two parts - the

commencing about seven crore years ago, the sediments

the principal sub-basins are those of Bhagirathi and the

The principal tributaries of Brahmaputra in India are the

The Godavari in the southern Peninsula has the second

the Narmada in the uplands of the Deccan, flowing to the

There are numerous coastal rivers, which are

India's climate is affected by two seasonal winds-the

known as summer monsoon blows from sea to land after

With a wide range of climatic conditions from the torrid

The Western Himalayan region extends from Kash mir to

vegetation. The Ganga plain region covers the area which

Ethno-botanical study deals with the utilisation of plants

India is very rich in terms of biological diversity due to its

Grand Total (ProLIsLa+Animalia)

Source: Animal Discovery 2011, Compiled by: Director, ZSI (Updated

demography, culture and economic structure at a juncture,

House listing and Housing Census (April to Sept.

Population Enumeration (gth to 28th February 2011

Reference Date was 0.00 hour of 1st March 2011. In

conducted from 11th to 30th September 2010. The

The population of India as on March 1st 2011 stood at

The density of population increased in all States and

above, who can both read and write with understanding in

EFFECTIVE LITERACY RATES STATES/UTs BY

TABLE 1: POPULATION AND ITS GROWTH,

working out 'Decadal Growth' and 'Percentage Decadal

TABLE 2: PERCENTAGE DECADAL

Note: *provjsjonal Population Totals-India

TABLE 3: TOTAL POPULATION GROWTH

Note: The population figures of India and Manipur includes estimated

TABLE-4: RANKING OF STATES BY DENSITY

Daman & Diu

Jamrno & Kahm1r

Aridaman & Nicobar Isdls.

TABLE 5: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION,

Damau and Diu'

TABLE-6 SEX RATIO: 1901 -2011

Year Sex Ratio

For 1981, interpolated figures for Assam have been used.

2. For 1991, interpolated figures

TABLE 7: SEX RATIO (FEMALES PER 1,000

TABLE 8: RANKING OF STATES/UT BY

Manipur Figures exclude those three sub-divisions viz., Mao

TABLE-9 LITERACY RATE IN INDIA: 19512011

Literacy rates for 1951,1961 and 1971 Census relate to

TABLE 10: LITERATES AND LITERACY

77,84,M,1?O 44,42,03,762 33,450,358

[Lrnn and Du'

Note: Matter has been provided as in Census of India 2011.

TABLE-11 POPULATION OF STATES/UNION

Dadra and Nagair 1avli'

TABLE-12 STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES

Andaman & NtcoO,ar 1s1ad3,80.58l

Dadra and Negar Haveli

India and Manipur figures include estimated figures for those of

TABLE-13 TOTAL POPULATION

TABLE-14 RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION

The Population figures of India and Manipur figures include