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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter explains the methods and procedures that were employed by the
researcher in order to find answers to the problem. This includes the research design,
population and sampling technique, instrumentation, data gathering procedure and
statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
The researcher used the descriptive research method, an approach considered
appropriate to answer the research questions. The design of this research is descriptivecorrelational. It examined and considered the relationship of management control
system, and human resource management practices to organizational performance. A
descriptive-correlational study attempts to determine the relationship of two variables
whether the relationship is perfect, very high, high, marked or moderate, slight or legible
(Palmer-Calmorin & Calmorin, 2007).
The correlational design was utilized to determine if there was a significant
relationship of management control system and human resource management practices to
organizational performance. Therefore, the correlation procedures allow researcher to
make inferences about the relationship between two or more variables (Cresswell, 2003)
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questionnaires. There were 483 questionnaires encoded and used for data processing. The
researcher was only able to retrieve 29 of the questionnaires distributed in Asia-Pacific
International University because most of the respondents went home for vacation at the
time data was collected. The number of employees of institutions, number of
questionnaires distributed and retrieved are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Respondents Population and Questionnaires Distribution and Retrieved
Distributed
Questionnaire Retrieved
Institution
Population s
Questionnaires
Adventist University of Indonesia
120
112
81
Adventist University of Philippines
348
144
127
Asia-Pacific International University
168
60
29
Central Philippine Adventist Colleges
80
56
52
Klabat University
131
80
57
Manila Adventist Medical Center and
Colleges
Naga View Colleges
Northern Luzon Adventist Colleges
Surya Nusantara Adventist Colleges
Total
60
35
83
46
1071
60
35
64
43
654
45
23
51
31
496
The convenience sampling technique was used in this study. This is a sampling
design which selected the most accessible sample what to immediately get their reaction
to certain issues (Calderon & Gonzales, 2004).
Respondents Profile
This section explains the information of employees of the nine Seventh-day
Adventist higher educational institutions in SSD. It shows the profile respondents such as
age, educational attainment, position, length of service.
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Age
40.00%
40 - 49 years old; 34.10%
35.00%
30 - 39 years old; 27.20%
30.00%
50 - 59 years old; 24.90%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
30 years old below; 6.90%
60 years old and above; 6.90%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
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graduates, 16.8% were with masters units, 36.4% were masters degree holders, 7.7%
were with doctoral units, and 9.1% were doctorate degree holders.
Educational Attainment
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
College; 25.50%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
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administrators, 21.8% department heads, 42.1% were faculty members, and 30.2% were
staff members.
Position
45.00%
Faculty; 42.10%
40.00%
35.00%
Staf; 30.20%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
Administrator; 5.90%
5.00%
0.00%
Administrator
Head of department
Faculty
Staf
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Length of service
25.00%
6 - 10 years; 20.50%
26 years and above; 19.20%
20.00%
5 years and below; 17.30%
11 - 15 years; 15.40%
21 - 25 years; 14.40%
16 - 20 years; 13.20%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Instrumentation
The researcher used a self-constructed questionnaire for the data gathering. The
questionnaire was constructed under the guidance of the adviser, based on related
literature and studies. The questionnaire is divided into four parts. Part I consists of the
respondents demographic profile: age, educational attainment, position, length of
service. Part II deals with the respondents perception on the Management control system
involving strategic planning, budget preparation, operation and measurement, and
reporting and evaluating dimensions. Part III deals with the respondents perception on
the level of human resource management practices involving recruitment, selection,
training and development, performance management, compensation, and relationship
dimensions and Part IV deals with respondents perception on the level organizational
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performance relating to learning and growth, business and production process, and
financial. In order to construct the questionnaire, the researcher asked permission from
his adviser to allow him to adopt 40% of his instrument items from human resource
management practices and organizational performance.
The instruments were translated into Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian Language) by
experts in Indonesia language for data gathering in Adventist University of Indonesia,
Klabat University and Surya Nusantara Adventist College.
The researcher submitted a draft of self-constructed questionnaire for content
validation. The content validation was done by the adviser, and eleven experts (see
Appendix C). After content validation, the questionnaire was revised to incorporate the
suggestions of the adviser, and the 10 experts. The revised questionnaire was used and
pilot-tested. The pilot study was conducted among the faculty and staff of Adventist
University of the Philippines who were not included in the final data gathering. A total of
70 regular workers participated in the pilot study. Data for the pilot study were collected
in NovemberDecember 2012. After collecting data from the pilot study, the researcher
encoded the data and submitted the data to the university statistician for instruments
reliability test. Suggestions given by the statistician based on the reliability test were
considered in the revision of the questionnaire. The reliability alpha coefficients of the
selfconstructed questionnaire for Management control system, human resource
management practices, and organizational performance are shown in Table 2.
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Table 2
Reliability of Instruments
Variables
Management Control System
Strategic Planning
Budget Preparation
Operating and Measurement
Reporting and Evaluating
Human Resource Management Practice
Recruitment
Selection
Training and Development
Management Performance
Compensation
Relationship
Organizational Performance
Learning and Growth Performance
Business and Production Performance
Financial Performance
Items
Reliability
Coefficient
17
14
15
13
.9302
.8706
.9003
.9068
13
11
17
16
15
13
.7933
.7021
.9068
.7290
.8682
.9049
12
10
15
.9051
.8387
.8900
Likert Scale
Response
Scale
5
4
3
2
1
Degree of
Intensity
Always
Oftentimes
Sometimes
Rarely
Never
Verbal Interpretation
Management
Human
Control
Resource
System
Practices
Very Good
Good
Fair
Poor
Very Poor
Weight
Mean
Interval
Organizational
Performance
4.50 5.00
3.50 4.49
2.50 3.49
1.50 2.49
1.00 1.49
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researcher to get the audited financial statements of the institutions. Among the nine
institutions, the researcher got only four financial statements for the year 2010 and 2011.
The purpose of taking financial statement of institutions was to support the perceptions of
respondents about the financial performance of their respective institutions.
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4. Regression analysis was used to determine the dimensions of management