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I n t r d u c ti o n
1.1
Technical Details
Rotating Elements
Bearings
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
Casing
L u b r i c a t i n g O i l and t h e Lubricating
Oil System
1 .l.5
Instrumentation
1.1.5.1
1.1.5.2
1.1.5.3
S h a f t V i b r a t i o n Measurement
Axial Pickups
1.1.5.5 Casing V i b r a t i o n Measurement
1.1.5.6 The Explosion P r o t e c t i o n o f t h e
Instrument a t i o n
1.1 -5.4
Two S t a g e Gears
P l a n e t a r y Gears
System Design
Q u a l i t y Assurance Program
MRAG
ZURICH
mall
medium
large
Gear types
GB b a s i c
GB Mark I
GBMark I1
CN b a s i c
GN enlarged width
GO c e n t e r d i s t . and
f a c e width a d j u s t a b l e
2
GS
c e n t e r d i s t . and
f a c e width adjust-
see Fig.
able
3
MABG
ZURICH
.-
:- - - d . . l - -
MAAG
ZURICH
- higher
- no
MAAG
ZURICH
For optimization in this field we consider two main criteria which are:
the use of as few measuring points as possible, i.e. only those which
influence the running sequence of the installation
the use of instruments mounted f r m outside, to improve servicability.
Advantages of TC's:
- not sensitive to vibration
- small dimension (important for tilting pad bearings)
- short response time (point measurement)
The possible applications of FCCD's and X's (simplex and duplex types) are
shown in Fig. 19, 20, 21, 22, 23.
MClClG
ZURICH
S h a f t Vibration Measurement
P r e s e n t l y s h a f t v i b r a t i o n measurements a r e made with non-contacting
probes. The pickups of t h e various s u p p l i e r s are made according to t h e
same standards and are t h e r e f o r e interchangable. I t seems t h a t t h e eddyc u r r e n t p r i n c i p l e is t h e most s u i t a b l e , as it allows t h e monitoring of
s h a f t s o f any electrical conducting material and is not influenced by o i l
or g a s between t h e pick-up and t h e s u r f a c e to be scanned.
S p e c i a l c a r e has to be given to t h e mechanical runout during t h e manufat u r e of t h e s h a f t s . NAAG uses a s p e c i a l protection a f t e r t h e s h a f t
reference s u r f a c e s are ground. The electrical runout is influenced by
t h e p r o p e r t i e s of t h e material. The demagnetisation or o t h e r treatment of
t h e measured s u r f a c e is e a s i e r when t h e s u r f a c e is arranged according t o
Figure 24. The s e r v i c a b i l i t y of the measured s u r f a c e is considerably
increased by t h i s design.
1.1.5.4
Axial P i c k m
- The
- A Key-Phaser
MFIIIG
ZURICH
Two S t a g e Gears
- planetary
-
g e a r (discussed later)
two s t a g e p a r a l l e l s h a f t g e a r
The l a y o u t criteria for the toothing, bearings, instruments, and lube oil
system a r e t h e same as f o r s i n g l e s t a g e gears. The t w o s t a g e gear
s o l u t i o n is o n l y s e l e c t e d i n t h e cases where t h e p r i c e optimization of
t h e coupled machines g i v e s an advantage. Additional f r e e s h a f t ends can
be used t o d r i v e o t h e r a u x i l l i a r i e s . For g a s t u r b i n e s , i n t e g r a t e d t w o
s t a g e g e a r s , covering 50 and 60 c y c l e g e n e r a t o r speeds, can be designed
i n such a way
t h e o t h e r speed.
MAM
LURICH
Planetary Gears
Fig. 37 s b w s t h e increased g e a r r a t i o range of t h e p l a n e t a r y gear.
Further advantages a r e t h e c o a x i a l arrangement, t h e compactness, and the
small i n t e r i a .
The reason t h a t planetary g e a r s a r e used r e l a t i v e l y infrequently i n t h e
t u r b o machinery f i e l d is the l i m i t e d speed of the l o w speed side. Further
disavantages of planetary g e a r s are: t h e p l a n e t bearing temperature can
not be measured, i n c a s e of the PU type; lower e f f i c i e n c y ; t h e higher
noise, i f the annulus g e a r t e e t h a r e not ground; and f i n a l l y , t h e higher
p r i c e f o r i n d i v i d u a l production. However p l a n e t a r y g e a r s are very
succesful for lower s p d high torque applications. See Fig. 38 of a
v e r t i c a l p l a n e t a r y g e a r on the test bed and Fig, 39 of a planetary gear
between water t u r b i n e and generator.
For s p e c i a l a p p l i c a t i o n s i.e. g e a r s e t s f o r "gensets" ( l o w speed), an
i n t e g r a t e d design with optimised layout ( e l i m i n a t i o n of t h e high speed
bearing) is possible. Improved e f f i c i e n c i e s canpared w i t h p a r a l l e l s h a f t
g e a r s and lower o v e r a l l costs due t o smaller p a r t s can be achieved with a
p l a n e t a r y g e a r s o l u t i o n . Fig. 40 shows t h e g e a r with s h a f t between a g a s
t u r b i n e and sun pinion. Fig. 41 shows a t w o s t a g e p l a n e t a r y gear between
4.
System Design
MAAG considers a s t h e main goal of t h e system d e s i g n t o f i n d , for each
MAIRG
ZURICH
MClFlG
ZURICH
COMPARISON A
ACCURACIES
Gear Data:
Type: GB-50
Z1 : 103
22 : 46
6.5
dia 27.05 in
dia 12.08 in
diametral pitch 3.9
Tooth Accuracy:
- AGMA
12
AGMA
M AAG
Pinion
Pitch variation fpt
Profil variation Ff
Runout
2.9
4.5
13.9
1.3
1.4
9.1
3.3
5.6
1.4
1.6
19.6
10.2
Gear
Pitch variation
Profil variation
Runout
Fig.
10
MSIIIG
ZURICH
Fig. 11
RESISTANCE
MERIIJRY THERMOMETER
Fig. 18
ESISTANCE
MERCURY- THERMOMER
VERSION
TC: 795.1216.01
RTO: 79s.1~17.01
Fig. 19
.-
instruments
795.1220.01
R-R
SECTION
FITTING
pfd / !
BEARING WIDTH
TC 3 4 4 , SIMPLEX
795.1514.01.4
795.1515.01.4
S 341, S I M P L E X
Fig. 20
CLAMPS:
795.151
TC 3 4 4 , SIM
S 341, SIMP
-SECTION
Fig.
21
T-T
WEATHERPROOF
CONNECTION H E A D
MlNCO
F 1 0 2 - 2 T [4 T E R M I N A L S ]
F 1 0 3 - 2 T [6 T E R M I N A L S ]
SPRING
L O A D E D HOLDER
MI NCO
F 110 -1
GEAR CASING
TC 3 5 6 , S I M P L E X
TC 3 5 7 , D U P L E X
S 4 0 4 4 , SIMPLEX
S 4046, DUPLEX
Fig. 22
WEATHERPROOF
CONNECTION H E A D
MINCO
F 1 0 2 - 2 T [ 4 TERMINALS]
F 1 0 3 - 2 T [6 TERMINALS]
-SPRING
LOADED HOLDER
, MINCO
F 110 - 1
GEAR CASING
~ T H E R M O W E L , LMINCO
F 2 3 5 .......
TC 3 5 6 , S I M P L E X
TC 3 5 7 , D U P L E X
S 4 0 4 4 , SIMPLEX
S 4046, DUPLEX
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Technical details of the measured surface for a pick-up
MAAG
ZURICH
Preferred )I(
and possible ( - ) solutions for
Vibration and Temperature Monitoring Instruments
Hazardous
Location
(determined
by plant operator)
1 1 lT1-6, 1
Class I
Division I
W!;p,A-D
Class I
Division I 1
Group A-D
t t
I'
Protection
FLAMEPROOF
(normal 1y
Art 501-3(a)
determined by
el ectr. system
engineer or
(NEMA 7 encloiures)
specifications)
INTRINSICALLY SAFE
NFPA 493-1978
and ANSI/ISA
RP 12.6
1976
NONINCENDIVE
Art 501-3(b)lb
(NEMA 4 )
(NEMA 4 )
Rigid conduits
Rigid conduits
Rigid conduits
700.54002 V
700.54003 T
700.54008 V
700.54009 T
700.54012 V
700.54013 T
L
Flex. (SS/Cu)
conduits
Possible
700.54005 T
(expensive)
Flex conduits
MI-Cables
i
,-~,,L,,-mgJ----J
700.54006 V
Note:
Care shall be exercised with respect to selection of,components as
customer specifications may call for requirements beyond the NE-Code.
:- - L -
l -
--_ - - - - -
r--
.7-n
I
I
HCICIG
ZURICH
C E N E L E C
EN 50014
EXPLOSION FROTECTION FOR INSTRUMENENTS O N GEARS
Prefered -) and possible - ) solutions for
Vibration and Temperature Monitoring Instruments
-
Hazardous
Location
-ned
by plant
operator)
Zone I
Class IIA-C
T1-6
Zone I 1
Class IIA-C
T1-6
I
EEx d
Protection
FLAMEPROOF
(determined
EN 50018
by electr.
system engineer
(seldom)
or specificatioris)
EEx e
.
I
INCREASED SAFETY
EN 50019
EEx ib
INTRINSICALLY SAFE ~.r
EN 50020
r--Ek-N- -I
NONINCENDIVE
UK only
BS 4683, Part 3
I
- ---- -1
Rigid conduits
4-
700.54016 V
700.54017 T
solutions
(SS/Cu)
700.54018 V
700.54019 T
Rigid conduits
Rigid conduits
-4-
700.54020 V
700.54021 T
700.54026 V
700.54027 T
Flex c-nduits
(Anaconda)
Flex. conduits
700.540022 V
700.540023 T
700.54028 V
700.54029 T
(Anaconda)
(expensive)
Flex (BN) conduits
Flex. SS conduits
Note :
Care shall be exercised with respect to selection of components as
customer specifications may call for requi rernents beyond the Code.
Fig.
26
MARE
ZURICH
JUNCr/ON BOX
2 f O U U PRUX/fl/rY PROBE
AND k'OUS/NG .4ISi778L Y
BENTL Y NEYA D A
Fig. 27
I
Fig. 28
;-I-'
UNCTION BOX
rh,
MAAG
ZURICH
M A A G
Q U A L I T Y
A S S U R A N C E
&
D/T1-4
1.1
:
:
:
:
:
Crouse-Hinds
GUAX 26/NEMA 7
: Feralloy
:
:
Conduits:
Type
Material
Fittings:
:
:
rigid
galvanized steel pipe 1/2
"
Fitting
Type
Material
Supplier
RE 21
NP 1
UNY 105
LBY 15
OET 1
MAAG
galv. steel
galv. steel
galv. steel
feralloy
feralloy
ss
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
MAAG
Flg. 29-36
C t a n d a ~ i l1 -Q
MRRG
ZURICH
M A A G
Q U A L I T Y
A S S U R A N C E
&
D/T1-4
1.1
: CROUSE-HINDS
:
:
GUAX 26/NEMA 7
Feralloy
Conduits:
ANACONDA
U.A., flexible, sealtight with T
fitings, 1/2" NPT
: IP 66
Manufacturer
TYPe
:
:
Ingress Protection
Approval
&
MlLIG
ZURICH
M A A G
Q U A L I T Y
A S S U R A N C E
&
2/Group A-D/T1-6
1.1
: Crouse-Hinds
:
:
GUAX 26/NEMA 7
Feralloy
:
:
rigid
galvanized steel pipe 1/2"
Conduits:
Type
Material
Fitting
Type
Material
Supplier
RE
NP
UNY
LBY
galv. steel
galv. steel
galv. steel
feralloy
feralloy
ss
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
MAAG
21
1
105
15
OET 1
MAAG
MALlG
ZURICH
M A A G
Q U A L I T Y
A S S U R A N C E
&
2/Group C
&
D/T1-4
1.1
:
:
:
:
:
:
Crouse-Hinds
GUAX 26/NEMA 7
Galvanized feralloy
Type
Material
RE 21
NP 1
UNY 105
LBY 15
OET 1
EYS 1
MAAG
galv. steel
galv. steel
galv. steel
fera1loy
feralloy
alu
1 supplier
~
ES
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Killark
MAAG
M A A G
Q U A L I T Y
A S S U R A N C E
&
1.1
Conduits
Fitting
TYPe
Material
Supplier
RE 21
NP 1
UNY 105
LBY 15
OET 1
MAAG
galv. steel
galv. steel
galv. steel
feralloy
feralloy
ss
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
MAAG
Mlll\G
ZURICH
M A A G
Q U A L I T Y
A S S U R A N C E
--
&
1.1
:
Supplier
Ingress Protection :
Material
:
a)Blue label on box:
b)Certification
:
: Crouse-Hinds
:
:
GUAX 26/NEMA 7
Feralloy
Conduits:
Manufacturer
Type
: E.F.,
Ingress Protection
Approval
: VDE
Anaconda
flexible, sealtight with T f B
fitings, 1/2" NPT
: IP 66
MFIFIG
ZURICH
M A A G
Q U A L I T Y
A S S U R A N C E
&
1.1
Proximitor Housing/RTD/TC
Marshalling Box:
3.
: Crouse-Hinds
: GUAX 26/NEMA 7
: Feralloy
Conduits:
TYPe
Material
Fittings
: rigid
: galvanized steel pipe 1/2"
Fitting
TYpe
Material
Supplier
RE 21
NP 1
UNY 105
LBY 15
OET 1
MAAG
galv. steel
galv. steel
galv. steel
feralloy
feralloy
ss
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
Crouse-Hinds
MAAG
Mzuulcn
AG
M A A G
Q U A L I T Y
A S S U R A N C E
&
2/Group IIA/T1-4
1.1
: PETREL/STAHL
: Flameproof
: Hot dip galvanized cast iron
Approval
: BASEEFA or equal
:
:
:
:
PETREL
8720 series/flameproof
Hot dip galvanized cast iron
BASEEFA or equal
:
:
:
rigid
galvanized steel pipe 1/2"
flameproof (BASEEFA or equal where applic.)
Conduits:
TYpe
Material
Fittings
Fitting
TYpe
RE
NP
UNY
LBY
OET
EYS
21
1
105
15
1
1
Material
Supplier
galvanized
cast iron
PETREL/STAHL
11
I1
It
I1
II
II
II
II
11
MAnG
ZURICH
.g. 4
w
6
7
RATIO i =
MS. SRAFT
~L.S.SXAF~
ch=F+
masre
I0
If
/2
MC\L\G
ZURICH
Fig. 3 8
Torque c a p a c i t y for p l a n e t a r y g e a r s
TPU3-TPF3-Series