Percent AGE: Presenter Name SIX PHRASE - The Finishing School 1 I

SIX PHRASE
VEERARAGAVAN C.S
PERCENT
AGE
http://182.72.85.213:8080/AssessmentTool http://www.facebook.com/SixPhrase
https://twitter.com/sixphrase
METHODS
Eight
Techniques
PRESENTER NAME
APPLICATIONS
In Commerce,
Geometry etc.,
SIX PHRASE The Finishing School
LINKS
Profit & Loss &

other links
1I
40%
OF 20 MEANS
X% of a Number
An x % increase
An x% decrease
1) If 20% of a = b, then b% of 20 is the same as:
A.4% of a
B. 5% of a C.20% of a D. None of these
20% of a = b
b% of 20 =
b% of 20 =
Increase by 40% means 140% of that number.
III
X% of a Number
An x % increase
An x% decrease
III.The price of a product becomes `54 after it
increases by 35%.
1)30 2)36 3)40
What was the original price of that product?
4)45
Increase
by 35% means 135% of the price is 54.
Hence the original price is
Decrease by 40% means (10040)60% of that

number.
X% of a Number
An x % increase
An x% decrease
V. The price of a product is reduced to Rs.72 after it is
decreased by 10%. What is the original1)84
price2)90
of the3)96
product?
4)80
Decreased by 10% means 90% of that price.
Hence the original price is
I.If the price of a shirt is

increased by 10% than
decreased by 10%. What is the
percent change?
Percentage
+ 10 - 10 = - 1%
If the value of
something
increased is
by x % then decreased by y % then resulting
effect in percent
+x y
Increased by x% then again increased by y% then
+x+y+
Decreased by x% then increased by y%
x+y
Decreased by x% then again decreased by y%
x y + The best way to speed up
calculations is to eliminate the
need of calculations.
6/13/15
VEERARAGAVAN C S, APTITUDE
TRAINER, veeraa1729@gmail.com
II
Example 2
II.The
price of a product is decreased by 10%
and then increased by 10%. What is the change

in price?
overall change = 10 + 10
= 1 % (decreased)
use (+) sign for increment and (-) sign for
decrement.
Most problems are actually
meant to test your ability to
look at a complex scenario and
find simple solutions to it.
6/13/15
Example 3
IV
IV. The salaries of two persons are equal.
If the salary of one person is increased by
10% and that of the other is decreased by
10% then what is the change in the total
salary of the two persons?
A)increases by 1% B)decreases by 1%
C)No change in the total salary D)None
of these.
You are a human resource to the
company. Arent You? They invest in
you & expect more returns. Give
them more & Take home more.
6/13/15
Example 4
The side of a square is
increased by 30%. Find
the percentage increase
in area.
Increase in area
= 30 + 30 + (30)(30)/100
= 69%.
6/13/15
The most
important step
in solving a
problem is to
study the
problem, NOT
READ IT.
Every second
that you spend
assimilating
the problem
statement will
save you
minutes when
you start
solving it.
Example 5
Do not carry all

If the radius of a circle is decreased
the luggage on
by 20%. What percent change
in
your head.
Storing every
area?
single piece of
information in
percent change in area: our heads is
more painful
- 20 - 20 + (-20)(-20)/100(and ridiculous)
than traveling on
= -36% (decreased)
a train with the
luggage on our
heads.
6/13/15
Example 6
The length of a
rectangle is
increased by 40%
and breadth is
decreased by 40%.
Find change in area.
percent change in
area:
40 - 40 + (-40)
(+40)/100 = -16%
6/13/15
There is a
scope for
speeding
up at every
single step
of the
solution.
Every
second
counts.
10
If you catch
yourself
doing
several
unnecessar
y
computatio
ns and
complicate
d
arguments,
rest
assured
the
method is
ineffective
.
Example 7
if a number is increased
by 20% and again
increased by 20%. By
what percent is the
number increased.
percent increased:
20 + 20 + (+20)
(+20)/100 = 44%
(increased)
6/13/15
There
has to be
a better
method
VEERARAGAVAN C S, APTITUDEthan
11
Percentage 2
If the price of the sugar fall down by 10%. By how
much percent must the householder increase its
consumption so as not to decrease the expenditure.
If
the price of the
commodity is
decreased by r% then
increase in the
consumption so as not
to decrease the
expenditure :
6/13/15
increase in consumption
:
12
Example 2
VIII.
The price of the

refrigerator is
increased by 25%. By
what percent should
the price of refrigerator
be decreased to bring
back to the original
price?
6/13/15
VIII
There is
sufficient
simplicity in
each
problem,
waiting to
reveal itself.
Dont insult
the beauty
by ignoring
it and
rushing past
through it.
13
Example 3
X.
In an
examination
Pradeep got 10%
more marks than
Suresh. By what
percentage are the
marks of Suresh
less than that of
Pradeep?
9.09%
6/13/15
You need not

be a
mathematical
genius but
somebody who
should be
proficient at
efficient
utilization of
resources.
14
Percentage 3
After reducing 10% from a certain sum and then

20% from the remaining , there is Rs3600 left then
the original sum.
find
x%
of a quantity is taken by the first, y% of
the remaining is taken by the second and z%

of the remaining is taken and so on, Now if A
is the amount left then find the initial
amount :
initial amount =
where A is the left amount.
original
sum =
=3600 X
= Rs.5000.
6/13/15
15
Example 2
In
a library 20% of the
books are in hindi , 50% of
the remaining are in English
30% of the remaining are in
french, the remaining 6300
books are in regional
language, total no of books
would be?
Total no of books =
6300X=22500
6/13/15
16
Percentage 4
A candidate scores 25% and fails by 30 marks, while
another candidate who scores 50% marks, gets 20
marks more than the minimum required marks to
pass the examination. Find the maximum marks for
the examination.
A
candidate scoring x% in an examination
fails by 'a' marks, while another candidate
who scores y% marks gets 'b' marks more
than then the minimum required pass
marks.
Then the maximum marks for the
examination are
Maximum
marks = 100X =200.
6/13/15
17
PROFIT & LOSS
6/13/15
18
6/13/15
19
6/13/15
20
Profit & Loss

There are two shopkeepers having shops
side by side.
The first shopkeeper sells bicycles.
He sells a bicycle worth $30 for $45.
One day a customer comes and buys a
bicycle.
He gives a $50 note to the shopkeeper.
The shopkeeper doesn't have change so
he goes to the second shopkeeper, gets
the change for $50, and gives $5 and the
bicycle to the customer.
The customer goes away.
The next day the second shopkeeper
comes and tells the first shopkeeper that
the $50 note is counterfeit and takes his
$50 back.
Now, how much does the first shopkeeper
lose?
6/13/15
From the second shopkeeper he

took $50 and gave back $50 so
there was no profit no loss. To
the customer he gave $5 + $30
bicycle. Therefore, his total loss
is $35
21
6/13/15
22
Selling Price
By
selling a horse
for Rs 570 a trader

loses 5%. At what
price must he sell it
to gain 5%.
Selling Price(SP)
= given(Rs) X
Selling Price
= 570 X =Rs.630
6/13/15
USUAL
METHOD
S.P = 570 and loss
5%
C.P =
Profit = 5%
So new S.P =
= =Rs.630
23
XIV
Selling Price
XIV.
A shop keeper sells an item at

Rs.36 and incurs a loss of 10%. At
what price should the Shopkeeper
sell it to gain 30%? 1)45.5 2) 52
3)58.5 4) 65.
Selling Price = 36 X=52
6/13/15
24
Cost Price
Mahesh
sold a book at
a profit of 12%. Had he

sold it for Rs 18 more ,
18% would have been
gained. Find CP.
Cost Price(CP)
= X 100
Cost Price
= =Rs.300.
6/13/15
USUAL METHOD
Profit is 12%
Both S.P and C.P not
given.
Let C.P be x.
Then S.P =
NEW S.P =
PROFIT %=
= = 18
X100= 18
=12X + 1800 = 18X
SO X = =300
25
Example 2
A man sold a horse at a loss of 7%.
Had he be able to sell it at a gain of
9%. It would have fetch 64 more.
Find Cost Price.
Here difference in Percent is 9 - (-7)
= 16
Cost Price = =Rs.400
6/13/15
26
TIME & WORK

C.S.VEERARAGAVAN
SIXPHRASE
sixphrase.veeraa1729@gmail.com
Alternate days
A can
complete a piece of work working alone
in 10 days. B can complete the work working
alone in 15 days. If they work on alternate
days, the work would be completed in the
1)Least number of days if A starts the work.
2)Least number of days if B starts the work.
3) In the same time irrespective of who starts
the work.
4) None of these.
If A starts the work,
Then 2 days work =
If B starts the work,
Then 2 days work =
In both cases work will be completed in 12
days. So choice 3.
XVIII
Alternate days
XIX
P can complete a piece of work, working alone

in 3 days. Q can complete the work working
alone in 5 days. If they work on alternative
1)Least number of days if P starts the work.
2)Least number of days if Q starts the work.
3)In the same time irrespective of who starts
the work.
4) None of these.
Alternate days
XIX
P can
complete a piece of work, working alone

in 3 days. Q can complete the work working
alone in 5 days. If they work on alternative
If P starts the work,
2 days work =. Remaining work =
3rd day P will work Remaining work =
4th day Q can complete the work.
Alternate days
00

Suppose
two persons work on alternate days
to complete a work.
If the work done by both together in 1 day is
th of the total work and n is an integer, then,
the work will be completed in the same time
irrespective of who starts the work.
However if n is not integer, then the exact
time to complete the work depend upon who
starts the work.
Slowest?
XX
A and B working together can complete a piece of

work in 10 days. B and C working together can
complete the work in 15 days. Who is the slowest
of the three worker?
1) A 2)B 3)C 4) Cannot be determined
Time taken when B work with A is less than when
B work with C. Hence A takes less time than C.
A can finish the work by working together earlier
than time taken by C working together.
Hence C is the slowest of the three workers.
C.S.VEERARAGAVAN
SIXPHRASE
The Finishing School
Time
&
Distan
ce
To convert from km/hr

to m/sec
To convert from m/sec

to Km/hr
Multiply by
Multiply by
Rule 2
If the same distance is covered at
two different speeds S1 and S2 and
the time taken to cover the
distance are T1 and T2, then the
distance =
Speed
is travelling on his cycle and has calculated to

7.Robert
reach point A at 2 P.M. if he travels at 10 kmph, he will

reach there at 12 noon if he travels at 15 kmph. At what
speed must he travel to reach A at 1 P.M.?
A.
8 kmphB.
11 kmph
C.
12 kmph D. 14 kmph
Short cut
Let the distance travelled by x S
km.
1=15 and S2=10 and T2
Then, =2
T1=2.
3x 2x = 60.
Hence Distance = = 60 km
X = 60.
Time taken to travel 60 km at 10 km/hr =6hrs.
So, Robert started 6 hours before 2 P.M. i.e., at 8 A.M.
Required speed = =12 kmph.
AVERAGE SPEED
If same distance travelled in two different

speeds then the average speed during the whole
journey is given by
Average speed =
4. A man on tour travels first 160 km at 64 km/hr and
the next 160 km at 80 km/hr. The average speed for
the first 320 km of the tour is:
A.
35.55 km/hr B.
36 km/hr
C.
71.11 km/hr D. 71 km/hr
Average speed = =71.11 km/hr.
If same distance travelled in three different
speeds A,B & C, then,
Average Speed =
Average Speed
V. A person travelled from Hyderabad to

Mahabubnagar at an average speed of
30 kmph and then came back to
Hyderabad at an average speed of 90
kmph along the same route. What is the
average speed for the entire journey?
1)75kmph
2)60kmph
3)45kmph
4)Cannot be determined
Average speed = 45 kmph.
Average speed
XIII
Dheeraj
travelled for 2 hours at an

average speed of 48 kmph and travelled
for another 2 hours at an average speed
of 52 kmph. What is the average speed?
( in kmph) 1)49 2)50 3)51 4)52
As the duration of journey at different
speeds is constant, the average speed
of the journey is average of the speeds.
Average speed = = 50 kmph.
Meeting Time
P
Vijay
left P for Q at 10:00
am. At the same time
Ajay left Q for P. After
their meeting at a point
on the way, Vijay took 24
minutes to reach Q and
Ajay took 54 minutes to
reach P. At what time did
they meet? 1) 10:37 am
2) 10:36 am 3) 10:39
am 4) 10:38 am.
Meeting time = = 36.
Hence they meet at
10:36 am.
vijay 54 min
XVII
C
24 min ajay
Let Vijay and Ajay take t minutes to

meet at C.
Hence Vijay takes t minutes to cover PC.
But Ajay takes 54 minutes to cover PC.
As distance is same, speeds are in
inverse ratio of times.
Hence t2 = 54 x 24.
T = 36.
Simple Interest
C.S.VEERARAGAVAN
SIXPHRASE
Simple Interest Principal

A sum was put at SI at a
certain value for 2 years,
had it been put at 3%
higher rate, it would
have fetch 300 more ,
find the sum.
Principal =
Principal =
=Rs.5000.
USUAL METHOD
Let the Rate be R%
Let the Principal be P.
Then S.I =
GIVEN
TRAINER,
veeraa1729@gmail.com
6/13/15
42
Simple Interest Time

Let the Principal be P
Time = given time X

A sum of money double
itself in 4 years , in how
many years will it
become 8 times of itself ?
Time = 4 X =28 years
Let the Rate of Interest

be R
S.I after 4 years =
Amount after 4 years =
2P
P + S.I = 2P
That is S.I after 4 years
=P
= P R = 25.
S.I after n years = 7P
N = 28 YEARS.
TRAINER,
6/13/15
43
Simple interest Find Rate
A
sum of money becomes n times in t years at
simple interest, then rate of interest will be
R= 100%
At what rate percent of simple interest will a sum of

money double itself in 12 years?
a)
8 b) 8 c) 8 d) 9
R = 100*
TRAINER,
6/13/15
44
Simple Interest Find Time
A sum of money becomes n times at R%

per annum at simple interest, then
Time= 100 years
A sum of money gets doubled at 12% per
annum. Then find the time?
solution:
time= 100(n-1)/R
=100(2-1)/12
=100/12
= 25/3 years
TRAINER,
6/13/15
45
QA02 MIXTURES /
ALLIGATIONS
02
2.In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of
pulses costing `.15 and `.20 per kg respectively
so as to get a mixture worth `.16.50 kg?
First type
15
3.50
Mean Price
Second type
16.50
20
1.50
04
4. A jar full of whisky contains 40% alcohol. A part
of this whisky is replaced by another containing
19% alcohol and now the percentage of alcohol
was found to be 26%. The quantity of whisky
replaced is:
First
40%
7
Mean Price
Second type
26%
19%
14
The ratio is 7:14 = 1:2.

Hence quantity replaced =
5.In what ratio must water be mixed with milk to

gain on selling the mixture at cost price?
Let C.P. of 1 litre milk be Re. 1.
S.P. of 1 litre of mixture = Re.1,
C.P. of 1 litre of mixture =
05
First type
0
0
Mean Price
Second type
1
1
Ratio of water and milk = 1:6.
03
Suppose a container contains x of liquid from
which y units are taken out and replaced by water.
After n operations, the quantity of pure liquid =
units.
A container contains 40 litres of milk. From this
container 4 litres of milk was taken out and
replaced by water. This process was repeated
further two times. How much milk is now
contained by the container?
Milk =
p gram of ingredient solution has a% ingredient in

it.
To increase the ingredient content to b% in the
solution
Quantity of ingredient need to be added =
125 litre of mixture of milk and water
contains 25% of water. How much water must
be added to it to make water 30% in the new
mixture?
Sol:
Lets say p = 125, b = 30, a = 25
So from the equation
8.92 litres.

Percent AGE: Presenter Name SIX PHRASE - The Finishing School 1 I

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SIX PHRASE

SIX PHRASE The Finishing School

Profit & Loss &

B. 5% of a C.20% of a D. None of these

Increase by 40% means 140% of that number.

Hence the original price is

Decrease by 40% means (10040)60% of that

Hence the original price is

I.If the price of a shirt is

and then increased by 10%. What is the change

Do not carry all

The price of the

You need not

After reducing 10% from a certain sum and then

the remaining is taken by the second and z%

PROFIT & LOSS

Profit & Loss

From the second shopkeeper he

for Rs 570 a trader

A shop keeper sells an item at

a profit of 12%. Had he

TIME & WORK

P can complete a piece of work, working alone

complete a piece of work, working alone

A and B working together can complete a piece of

To convert from km/hr

To convert from m/sec

is travelling on his cycle and has calculated to

reach point A at 2 P.M. if he travels at 10 kmph, he will

If same distance travelled in two different

V. A person travelled from Hyderabad to

travelled for 2 hours at an

Let Vijay and Ajay take t minutes to

Simple Interest Principal

Simple Interest Time

Time = given time X

Let the Rate of Interest

Simple interest Find Rate

At what rate percent of simple interest will a sum of

Simple Interest Find Time

A sum of money becomes n times at R%

The ratio is 7:14 = 1:2.

5.In what ratio must water be mixed with milk to

Ratio of water and milk = 1:6.

p gram of ingredient solution has a% ingredient in

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