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Perkembangan TIK
sangat pesat...
TIK dalam PENDIDIKAN
1
Perkembangan TIK
Dr.rer.nat. Bambang Heru Iswanto, M.Si

PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA
McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Definisi
Apa itu informasi ?
Apa beda data dan informasi ?
Bagaimana menghasilkan informasi ?

Information Technology (IT) or Information and

Communication Technology (ICT) describes any
technology that helps to produce, manipulate,
store, communicate, and/or disseminate
information
(Teknologi Informasi (TI) atau Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK)
menggambarkan segala teknologi yang membantu untuk
menghasilkan, memanipulasi, menyimpan, mengkomunikasikan,
dan/atau menyebarkan informasi)

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Pre-Computer Calculations

Early Computing

Counting on fingers and toes

Stone or bead abacus

19th Century
Charles Babbage proposed the Analytical Engine,
which could calculate, store values in memory,
perform logical comparisons
Never built because of lack of electronics

Calculate comes from calculus, the Latin word for

stone

1642: first mechanical adding machine

Invented by Blaise Pascal
Wheels moved counters
Modified in 1674 by Von Leibnitz

1880s
Holleriths punched cards used to record census data
using On/Off patterns
The holes turned sensors On or Off when run
through tabulating machine
This company became the foundation for IBM

Age of industrialization
Mechanical loomed used punch cards

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Electronic Computers

Waves of Computing

1946 - First Generation Computer

Late 1950s - Second Generation

ENIAC
Programmable
5000 calculations per second
Used vacuum tubes
Drawbacks were size and processing ability

1950s
ENIAC replaced by UNIVAC 1, then the
IBM 704
Calculations jumped to 100,000 per second

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Transistors replaced vacuum tubes

200,000 to 250,000 calculations per second

Mid-1960s - Third Generation

Integrated circuitry and miniaturization

1971 - Fourth Generation

Further miniaturization
Multiprogramming and virtual storage

1980s - Fifth Generation

Millions of calculations per second

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Microcomputers

Kategori Sisem Komputer

1975
ALTAIR flicking switches

Supercomputers

1977
Commodore and Radio Shack produce personal
computers

Mainframe Computers,
Middelware (server)

1979

Jenis Komputer

Apple computer, the fastest selling PC thus far

Workstations

1982

Microcomputers

IBM introduced the PC, which changed the market

Microcontrollers

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Pemanfaatan Komputer
Jenis Komputer

Pemanfaatan

Pendidikan

Supercomputer
Mainframe
Computers,
Middelware (server)
Workstations
Microcomputers
Microcontrollers

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2014 Dr. B. Heru Iswanto - Universitas Negeri Jakarta

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Infrastruktur TIK

TIK dalam PENDIDIKAN

Komputer
Hardware

2
Perkembangan Hardware

Infrastruktur
TIK

Jaringan
Komputer
Software

Dr.rer.nat. Bambang Heru Iswanto, M.Si

PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA
1/17/2014

2014 Dr. B. Heru Iswanto - Universitas Negeri Jakarta

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Konsep Sistem Komputer... (1)

Tujuan komputer
Mengolah data menjadi informasi
Data
: the raw facts and figures
Information : data that has been summarized and
manipulated for use in decision making

Konsep Sistem Komputer

Hardware & Software

Hardware: the machinery and equipment in the
computer
Software: the electronic instructions that tell the
computer how to perform a task

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Computer System Concept...

Computer System Concept

A system of hardware devices organized by

function

Output
Video display units, printers, audio response units,
and so on
Converts electronic information into humanintelligible form

Input
Keyboards, touch screens, pens, electronic mice,
optical scanners
Converts data into electronic form for entry into
computer system

Storage
Primary storage (memory)
Secondary storage (disk drives)

Processing

Control

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

CPU subunits: arithmetic-logic and control unit

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Computer System Concept

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CPU controls other components of the system

Communication: Sending and receiving data

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Konsep Sistem Komputer... (2)

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Kebutuhan Processor

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Computer Processing Speeds

Early computers
Milliseconds (thousandths of a second)
Microseconds (millionths of a second)

Current computers
Nanoseconds (billionth of a second)
Picoseconds (trillionth of a second)

Program instruction processing speeds

Megahertz (millions of cycles per second)
Gigahertz (billions of cycles per second)
Commonly called the clock speed

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Computer Processing Speeds

Hukum Moore (Moores Law)

Throughput

Diamati pada 1965, yang masih valid hingga sekarang ...

The ability to perform useful computation or data

processing assignments during a given period

A doubling in the number of transistors per

IC every 18 - 24 months

Speed is dependant on
Size of circuitry paths (buses) that interconnect
microprocessor components
Capacity of instruction processing registers
Use of high-speed cache memory
Use of specialized microprocessor, such as math
coprocessor

Common corollary of Moores Law

Computing prices will be cut in half every 18 - 24
months (This has been consistently accurate)
Applies to cost of storage as well

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Media Penyimpa (Storage)

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2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Secondary Storage
Flash Memory
Nonvolatile memory with no moving parts
But the electronics can wear out
Available as
Flash memory cards
Insert these into a flash port of a camera, handheld PC, smartphone

Flash memory sticks

A form of flash memory that plugs into a memory stick port

Flash memory drives

A finger-sized module of flash memory
Plugs into the USB port of most PCs and Macintoshes

Discussion Question: What type of Secondary Storage do you use ?

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2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Secondary Storage
Online Secondary Storage
Allows you to use the internet to back up your data
Sign up with a vendor and receive access to software that
allows you to upload your data to that companys server
Files should be encrypted to maintain security
Use only for vital files that require immediate availability
Use tape, removable hard disk cartridges, zip disks, optical
storage or tape for normal backup

SMART CARDS A smart card is a plastic card the size of a credit

card with an integrated circuita microprocessor and memory
chipsbuilt into it.
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What are some of the disadvantages when

using online secondary storage?
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

RFID Versus Bar Coding

One of the newest and fastest growing storage

technologies

RFID

System for tagging and identifying mobile objects

Used with store merchandise, postal packages,
casino chips, pets
Special reader allows objects to be tracked as they
move from place to place
Chips half the size of a grain of sand

Scans from greater distance

Can store data
Allows more information to be tracked

Privacy concerns
Invisible nature of the system
Capacity to transmit fairly sophisticated messages

Passive chips derive power from reader signal

Active chips are self-powered

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Pilih yang mana... ?

Future

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Future Developments in Processing & Storage

New Technology

Description of Processing Technology

1. M-RAM

1. Magnetic RAM uses miniscule magnets rather

than electrical charges

2. OUM

2. Ovonic Multiplied Memory stores bits by

generating different levels of low and high
resistance on a glossy material

3. Nanotechnology

2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies,

Inc. All rights reserved.

Future Developments in Processing & Storage

New Technology
1. Higher-density disks

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Description of Storage Technology

1. Higher Density Disks
a.

Blank CDs are replacing floppy disks since

they hold up to 700 MB and cost < $1 each
DVD disks hold up to 9.4 GB of data currently
Perpendicular recording technology allows
25% - 100% more data to be stored on the
same disk

b.
c.

3. Tiny machines work at a molecular level to make

nanocircuits

4. Optical Computing
4. Uses lasers and light, not electricity
5. DNA Computing
5. Uses strands of synthetic DNA to store data
6. Quantum Computing 6. Based on quantum mechanics and stores
information using particle states

2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2.

2. Molecular electronics

2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies,

Inc. All rights reserved.

Polymer memory creates chips that store data on

plastics
a. Nonvolatile memory
b. Data is stored based on polymers electrical
resistance

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Mengenali Sistem Komputer Anda..

17/01/2012

MS-DOS Shell : >> cmd

Directory, Files.. : >> cd.., delete, ren, ..
Networks
: >> ipconfig /all
Diagnosis
: >> dxdiag
Configure
: >> msconfig
Registry
: >> regedt
Process
: Ctr + Alt + Del

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