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www.iop.org/journals/physed
E-mail: rwalls@uabc.mx
Abstract
An inexpensive and easily implemented device to measure wind velocity is
proposed. This prototype has the advantage of being able to measure both the
speed and the direction of the wind in two dimensions. The device utilizes a
computational interface commonly referred to as a mouse. The mouse
proposed for this prototype contains an optical sensor which allows it to
situate itself in space. The prototype utilizes a pendulum with an attached
drag body. The pendulums drag body interacts with the fluid in motion,
causing an angle with respect to the vertical. The mouse measures the
displacement of a sphere attached to the pendulum and calculates the angle.
The resulting angle determines the relationship between the drag force and
the wind speed, thereby allowing the mouse to calculate the velocity. A
MATLAB script was written to process the data received from the mouse.
After calibration, the program determines the relationship between the pixels
measured and the pendulums angle, and so obtains information about the
wind. This system (device and software) eliminates human error in data
collection and storage, thereby considerably reducing the time and cost
associated with measuring wind velocity.
S Supplementary data are available from stacks.iop.org/physed/43/593
Introduction
One problem in meteorology is that of obtaining
reliable data in an autonomous way. In general,
meteorological instruments are expensive and
difficult to maintain. This problem can be solved
with a personal computer system. Any computer
system will contain input and output devices, such
as a mouse and a monitor. It has been shown
that a computer mouse can be used as an input
device for information [15]. The use of the
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for obtaining an equation used to calculate the
speed and direction of the fluid in motion with the
proposed device. The following section describes
the assembly of the anemometer, consisting of
an optical mouse, a sphere and a pendulum.
Later, the calibration of the proposed device is
examined, followed by a description of how the
computer script captures the information. Finally,
the advantages, disadvantages and conclusions are
discussed.
Physical preliminaries
If we consider the case of a pendulum with weight
(W ), that, upon interacting with fluid in motion,
produces an angle with respect to the vertical ( ),
resulting from the drag force ( Fa ) that the fluid
exercises over the pendulum, then the resulting
opposing force is the tension (T ). This can be
described with a diagram of a free body, where
a balance of forces is obtained, as is shown in
figure 1. Using the trigonometric relationship
between the angles and sides of a right triangle,
the following equation is obtained:
tan =
Fa
.
W
(1)
Fa = W tan .
(2)
Fa = 12 Cd Av 2
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v = K tan .
(7)
Experimental device
(4)
(5)
(3)
W tan = 12 Cd Av 2 .
Fa
sphere
pendulum
flow
drag body
Pixelangle relation
For the rotation of the sphere, caused by an angle
( ), there exists a specific quantity of pixels.
Therefore the angle ( ) can be defined as
= pixels.
(8)
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55
16
50
14
speed (mph)
45
12
40
35
10
30
25
20
15
10
0
0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
tan1/2 ()
2.5
3.0
3.5
50
v = 15.179 tan .
(10)
Figure 5. Calibration of the prototype with a protractor.
vy =
tan( y pixels y ) K .
(9.1)
(9.2)
Calibration
A commercial weather gauge (SELL-O-CRAFT
Sheboygan) was used for the calibration of the
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16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
50
100
150
200
pixelsy
250
300
Therefore the value of the constant in equation (9.1) is x = 4.16 102 , while in equation (9.2), y = 5.09 102 .
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R Hernandez-Walls et al
any flow by calibrating the prototype for that
specific fluid.
The main disadvantage of this prototype is
that the mouse must be kept dry.
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
[1] Ochoa O R and Kolp N F 1997 The computer
mouse as a data acquisition interface:
application to harmonic oscillators Am. J. Phys.
65 11158
[2] Yang Z and Maeda R 2000 Automatic micro flow
rate measurement using a modified computer
mouse device 1st Annual Int. IEEE-EMBS
Special Conf. on Microtechnology in Medicine
and Biology (France) pp 28891
[3] Modesto-Ortiz M, Martnez Y and Gonzalez J I
2003 Observaciones De Nivel Del Mar Con
Instrumentos De Bajo Costo. Reunion Anual De
Geofsica (Mexico: UGM) p 159
[4] Hernandez-Walls R, Luna-Hernandez J R,
Rojas-Mayoral E and Navarro-Olache L F 2004
Dispositivo electronico, de facil construccion,
para medir la velocidad de un fluido Rev. Ing.
Hidraulica Mexico 19 1218
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