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Flag of the Philippines

Philippines

Pambansang
Name

Watawat

("National
Tatlong

Flag"),
Bituin

at

Isang

Araw

("Three Stars and a Sun")


Use

National flag and ensign

Proportion 1:2
Adopted

June 12, 1898


Horizontal bicolor of blue over red, with a white

Design

equilateral triangle at the hoist containing three,


5-pointed gold stars at its vertices, and an 8rayed gold sun at its center.[a]

Designed by Emilio Aguinaldo

Variant flag of the Philippines


Use

State and war flag

Proportion 1:2
Design

As above, with the blue and red stripes switched


to indicate a state of war.
Executive Order No. 321 of Elpidio Quirino and

Designed by Executive Order No. 23 of Manuel L. Quezon in


1936

The National Flag of the Philippines (Filipino: Pambansang Watawat ng Pilipinas; also called the Three
Stars and a Sun) is a horizontal flag bicolor with equal bands of royal blue and scarlet, and with a white,
equilateral triangle at the hoist. In the center of the triangle is a golden-yellow sun with eight primary rays,
each representing a Philippine province.[a] At each vertex of the triangle is a five-pointed, golden-yellow star,
each of which representing one of the country's three main island groups - Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
A unique feature of this flag is its ability to indicate a state of war if it is displayed with the red side on top.[9]

Design
Construction
See also: List of flags of the Philippines
The flag's length is twice its width, giving it an aspect ratio of 1:2. The length of all the sides of the white
triangle are equal to the width of the flag. Each star is oriented in such manner that one of its tips points
towards the vertex at which it is located.[10] Moreover, the gap-angle between two neighbours of the 8 raybundles is as large as the angle of one ray-bundle (so 22.5), with each major ray having double the
thickness of its two minor rays. [11] The golden sun is not exactly in the center of the triangle but shifted
slightly to the right.[12]

Construction sheet of the Philippine flag.

Color
The shade of blue used in the flag has varied over time, beginning with the original color lazuli Rosco. The
exact nature of this shade is uncertain, but a likely candidate is the blue of the Cuban flag, which a theory
says influenced the flag's design. Specifications for the flag's colors with shades matching those used in the
American flag were adopted by the National Historical Institute in 1955. President Ferdinand Marcos
ordered the colors restored to the original light blue and red of the Cuban flag in 1985, but this was
immediately rescinded after the 1986 People Power Revolution that removed him from power. For the 1998
independence centennial celebrations, the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines (RA 8491) was passed,
designating royal blue as the official variant.[13]
The flag's colors are specified by Republic Act 8491 in terms of their cable number in the system developed
by the Color Association of the United States.[10][14] The official colors and their approximations in other
color spaces are listed below:.[15]

Scheme kkk Blue

Red

White

Yellow

Cable No.
Pantone
RGB

80173
286
0-56-168

80108
186
206-17-38

80001
80068
n.a.
116
255-255-255 252-209-22

CMYK

C100-M60-Y0-K5

C0-M90-Y65-K10

n.a.

C0-M18-Y85-K0

HEX

#0038A8

#CE1126

#FFFFFF

#FCD116

Usage as war ensign


The Philippines does not utilize a separate war flag; instead, the national flag itself is used for this purpose.
[10]
To indicate a state of war, the red field is flown upwards and is placed on the right if it is in a hanging
position. In times of peace, however, the blue area is the superior field. [16][17] The orientation of the flag was
used during the Philippine-American War from 1899 to 1901,[18] World War II by the Philippine
Commonwealth from 1941 to 1945 and by the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic when it declared war
against the United Kingdom and the United States in 1944,[19] the coup attempts during President Corazon
Aquino's administration, and EDSA III.[20] The only time that the flag was not oriented in a state of war was
during the Battle of Alapan in 1898, 15 days before the Philippine Declaration of Independence in Kawit,
Cavite.
During the 2010 US-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) summit in New York City, the
Philippine flag was inadvertently flown with the red field on top. The U.S. Embassy in Manila apologized
for the mistake, and the Philippines Department of Foreign Affairs accepted the apology.[9]

Symbolism

The official eight-ray sun


(3.75-spacing)

A mistakenly used eightray


sun
(5-spacing)

The Philippine national flag has a rectangular design that consists of a white equilateral triangle,
symbolizing liberty, equality, and fraternity; a horizontal blue stripe for peace, truth, and justice; and a
horizontal red stripe for patriotism and valor. In the center of the white triangle is an eight-rayed golden sun
symbolizing unity, freedom, people's democracy, and sovereignty. Each ray represents a province with
significant involvement in the 1896 Philippine Revolution against Spain, These provinces are Manila,
Bulacan, Cavite, Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna,Batangas, and Nueva Ecija.[21][a] Three five-pointed stars, one for
each of the triangle's points, stand for the three major islands where the revolution started: Luzon, Visayas
and Mindanao.
The flag's original symbolism is enumerated in the text of the independence proclamation, which makes
reference to an attached drawing, though no record of the drawing has surfaced. [22] The proclamation
explains the flag as follows:

And finally it was resolved unanimously that this Nation, already independen
the gigantic steps taken by the children of this country on the road to progress

The symbolism given in the 1898 Proclamation of Philippine Independence differs from the current official
explanation. According to the document the white triangle signifies the emblem of the Katipunan, the secret
society that opposed Spanish rule. It says the flag's colors commemorate the flag of the United States as a
manifestation of gratitude for American aid against the Spanish during the Philippine Revolution. It also
says that one of the three stars represents the island of Panay, rather than the entire Visayan islands. The
proclamation also declares that the sun represents the gigantic steps made by the sons of the country along
the path of Progress and Civilization, and lists Bataan instead of Tarlac among the eight provinces
symbolized by the sun's rays.

History
Historical flags of the Philippine Revolution
See also: Flags of the Philippine Revolution
It has been common since the 1960s to trace the development of the Philippine flag to the various war
standards of the individual leaders of the Katipunan, a pseudo-masonic revolutionary movement that
opposed Spanish rule in the Philippines and led the Philippine Revolution.[22] However, while some symbols
common to the Katipunan flags would be adopted into the iconography of the Revolution, it is inconclusive
whether these war standards can be considered precursors to the present Philippine flag.[22]

The first flag of the Katipunan.

Flag of the Magdalo Katipunan faction of Cavite.


Flag of the Magdiwang Katipunan faction of Cavite.

The flag adopted by the Katipunan in 1897.


The first flag of the Katipunan was a red rectangular flag with a horizontal alignment of three white Ks (an
acronym for the Katipunan's full name, Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng
Bayan - Supreme and Venerable Society of the Sons of the Nation). The flag's red field symbolized blood, as
members of the Katipunan signed their membership papers in their own blood.[22]
The various leaders of the Katipunan, such as Andrs Bonifacio, Mariano Llanera, and Po del Pilar, also
had individual war standards. The organization was represented in Cavite province by two factions: the
Magdiwang faction and the Magdalo faction, with each adopting a flag. Both used a white sun. Instead of
the letter K the flags bore the symbol for the syllable ka in Baybayin, the pre-Hispanic writing script of the
Tagalogs.
The Katipunan adopted a new flag in 1897 during an assembly at Naic, Cavite. This new flag was red and
depicted a white sun with a face. The sun had eight rays, representing eight provinces of the Philippines.[a]

Current flag

2012 cupcake flag, SM City Baliwag.


The earlier design of the current Philippine flag was conceptualized by Emilio Aguinaldo during his exile in
Hong Kong in 1897. The first flag was sewn by Marcela Marino de Agoncillo with the help of her daughter
Lorenza and Delfina Herbosa de Natividad (a niece of Propagandista Jos Rizal). It was first displayed in
Battle of Alapan on May 28, 1898.

Flag of the Philippines at the Philippine International Convention Center


The flag was formally unfurled during the proclamation of independence on June 12, 1898 in Kawit, Cavite.
[23]
However, a Manila Times article by Augusto de Viana, Chief History Researcher, National Historical

Institute, mentions assertions in history textbooks and commemorative rites that the flag was first raised in
Alapan, Imus, Cavite, on May 28, 1898, citing Presidential Proclamation No. 374, issued by then-President
Diosdado Macapagal on March 6, 1965.[24] The article goes on to claim that historical records indicate that
the first display of the Philippine flag took place in Cavite City, when General Aguinaldo displayed it during
the first fight of the Philippine Revolution.
The original design of the flag adopted a mythical sun with a face influenced by Latin American republics
Argentina, Peru, and Uruguay; a triangle, representing the Katipunan which inspired by the Eye of
Providence in the Great Seal of the United States and the Masonic Triangle and which enshrined Libert,
galit, Fraternit; the stripes and colors derived from the American flag. The particular shade of blue of the
original flag has been a source of controversy. Based on anecdotal evidence and the few surviving flags from
the era, historians argue that the colors of the original flag was influenced by flag of Cuba and flag of Puerto
Rico .[22]
The original flag that was first hoisted on May 28,1898 and unfurled during Declaration of independence on
June 12 1898, was currently being preserved at the Gen Emilio Aguinaldo Museum in Baguio City. There
are plans to restore the flag by replacing of the worn-out portion of the flag, but they could not find the right
type of threads to match those used by the tailors, so the idea was abandoned. The flag is more elaborate
than the flag which now currently in used. It bears embroidered words, Libertad, Justicia and Ygualidad
(Liberty, Justice and Equality) on one side of the flag and Fuerzas Expedicionarias del Norte de
Luzon(Expeditionary forces of Northern Luzon)) on the other[25]
Hostilities broke out between the Philippines and the United States in 1899. The flag was first flown with
the red field up on February 4, 1899 to show that a state of war existed. Aguinaldo was captured by the
Americans two years later, and swore allegiance to the United States.

The detail of Fernando Amorsolo's The Making of the Philippine flag depicting Agoncillo and company's
manual sewing
With the defeat of the Philippine Republic, the Philippines was placed under American colonial rule and the
display of the Philippine flag was declared illegal by the Sedition Act of 1907. This law was repealed on
October 24, 1919.[26] With the legalization of display of the Philippine flag, the cloth available in most stores
was the red and blue of the flag of the United States, so the flag from 1919 onwards adopted the "National
Flag blue" color. On March 26, 1920, the Philippine Legislature passed Act. No 2928 on March 26, 1920,
which legally adopted the Philippine flag as the official flag of the Philippine Islands. [26] Up until the eve of
World War II, Flag Day was celebrated on annually on October 30, commemorating the date the ban on the
flag was lifted.
The Commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated in 1935. On March 25, 1936, President Manuel L.
Quezon issued Executive Order No. 23 which provided for the technical description and specifications of the
flag.[22] Among the provisions of the order was the definition of the triangle at the hoist as an equilateral
triangle, the definition of the aspect ratio at 1:2, the precise angles of the stars, the geometric and aesthetic

design of the sun, and the formal elimination of the mythical face on the sun. The exact shades of colors,
however, were not precisely defined. These specifications have remained unchanged and in effect to the
present. In 1941, Flag Day was officially moved to June 12, commemorating the date that Philippine
independence was proclaimed in 1898.
The flag was once again banned with the Japanese invasion and occupation of the Philippines beginning
December 1941, to be hoisted again with the establishment of the Japanese-sponsored Second Republic of
the Philippines. In ceremonies held in October 1943, Emilio Aguinaldo hoisted the flag with the original
Cuban blue and red colors restored. The flag was initially flown with the blue stripe up, until President Jos
P. Laurel proclaimed the existence of a state of war with the Allied Powers in 1944. The Commonwealth
government-in-exile in Washington, D.C. continued to use the flag with the American colors, and had flown
it with the red stripe up since the initial invasion of the Japanese. With the combined forces of the Filipino &
American soldiers and the liberation of the Philippines in 1944 to 1945, the flag with the American colors
was restored, and it was this flag that was hoisted upon the granting of Philippine independence from the
United States on July 4, 1946.

Chronology
See also: List of flags of the Philippines
Flag

Date

Use

Description

The Spanish East Indies (15351898)


Flag used when the The Cross of Burgundy: a red saltire resembling
15351730 Philippine Islands were two crossed, roughly-pruned branches, on a white
a part of New Spain.
field.

1730-1761

Used during Spanish


Flag of Spain under the reign of King Felipe V.
East Indies period.

1761-1785

Used during Spanish Flag of Spain under the reign of King Felipe V's
East Indies period.
grandson, King Carlos III

Flag during the British


occupation
of
the
17621764 Philippines, as used in
occupied Manila and
Cavite

The flag of the British East India Company before


1810: A flag with red and white stripes with the
Kingdom of Great Britain's Union Flag as a
canton. The Union flag bears red cross on a white
field, commonly called St George's Cross,
superimposed on a white saltire on a blue field,
known as St Andrew's Cross. Also known as the
"King's Colours."

Three horizontal stripes of red, weld-yellow and


red, the centre stripe being twice as wide as each
red stripe with arms in the first third of the weldUsed during Spanish
17851873
yellow stripe. The arms are crowned and vertically
East Indies period.
divided, the left red field with a tower representing
Castille, the right white field with a lion
representing Len.

Three horizontal stripes: red, weld-yellow and red,


Used by the Spanish
the yellow strip being twice as wide as each red
18731874 East Indies under the
stripe with arms in the first third of the yellow
First Spanish Republic.
stripe. Royal crown removed from arms.
Used during Spanish
East Indies after the The flag of the Kingdom of Spain used prior to the
1874-1898
restoration
of
the First Spanish Republic was reinstated.
Spanish monarchy.
Philippine Revolution - First Philippine Republic
First official flag of the
The flag was created in Naic, Cavite and first
Philippine republic and
18971898
displayed in 1897. It features an eight-rayed white
used
during
the
sun with a mythical face on a field of red.
Philippine Revolution

The Three Stars and a


Sun was a design that
conceived by President
Emilio Aguinaldo. The
18981901
exact shade of blue is
debated; three variants
were used by subsequent
governments.

Sewn by Doa Marcela Marino de Agoncillo,


Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herbosa de
Natividad in Hong Kong and first flown in battle
on May 28, 1898. It was formally unfurled during
the Proclamation of Philippine Independence and
the flag of the First Philippine Republic, on June
12, 1898 by President Aguinaldo. It contains a
mythical sun (with a face) common to many
former Spanish colonies; the triangle of Masonry;
the eight rays representing eight provinces of the
Philippines.[a] The flag was initially unfurled with
the blue stripe above, but was flown with the red
stripe above at the outbreak of the PhilippineAmerican War in 1899. The flag has the words
"Fuerzas Expeditionarias del Norte de Luzon" on
its obverse and "Libertad Justicia e Igualdad" on
its reverse.

American and Commonwealth Period (18981946)


Used while under direct
administration from the The Philippine Commission, passed Act No. 1697
18981908
United
States
of or the Flag Law of 1907, which outlawed the
display of the Philippine flag and replaced the
America.
countrys flag to the stars and stripes of the United
States of America. The same law prohibited the
Variant after Oklahoma
19081912
playing of the national anthem.Thirteen horizontal
became a state
stripes of alternating red and white representing
the original Thirteen Colonies; in the canton, white
Variant after Arizona stars on a blue field, the number of stars increased
19121919 and
New
Mexico as the United States expanded its territory.
achieved statehood
19191936 From 1919, two flags
were flown in the
Philippines,
the
American flag and the
flag
conceived
by
Emilio Aguinaldo which
was made the national
flag of the Philippines

The American flag remained unchanged since


1919. For the Philippine flag, the design conceived
by Emilio Aguinaldo remained but the shades of
blue and red were adopted from the American flag.
The sun's face was removed, but its stylised rays
were retained. It should be noted that there existed
many versions of the flag as no official design had
been codified.

Specifications codified; Defined under Executive


Order No. 23, s. 1936. The shade of blue used was
navy blue, following suit from the American Flag.
The triangle was made equilateral and the sun was
also further simplified, achieving its present form.
Also used by the Commonwealth government-inexile from 1942-1945.

19361946

Japanese Period (19421945)


19421943

Used
during
the The Hinomaru as it appeared until 1999: a red sunJapanese Occupation.
disc, shifted 1% left of centre, on a white field.

October
14, 1943

Used
during
inauguration of
Second Republic.

Emilio Aguinaldo's flag was hoisted upon


the
proclamation of the Second Republic. However,
the
the design as used by the Commonwealth
remained.

Sovereignty (1946present)
19461985

Defined under Executive Order No. 23, s. 1936.


The shade of blue used here is Navy Blue,
following suit from the American Flag.

Altered by Executive Order No. 1010, s. 1985.


The shade of blue was changed from Navy Blue to
Light Blue, amidst debate on the shade used in the
19851986 Following
original flag. A pale Sky Blue was the actual
independence, the 1936 colour used since it was more available at that time
design
specifications and not due to any specific historical precedent.
codified by Manuel
Quezon remains but the 1936 version of the flag restored after the 1986
shades of blue and red People Power Revolution.President Corazon C.
19861998 varied through the years. Aquino restored the pre-martial law specifications
In 1998, the flag gained of the National flag through Executive Order No.
its present definitive 292, s. 1987
shades.
The Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines
specifies the colours for the blue field Cable No.
80173; the white field, Cable No. 80001; the red
1998
field, Cable No. 80108; and the golden-yellow
present
Stars and Sun, Cable No. 80068.[10][12] Colours
introduced for the Centennial celebrations.[citation
needed]

Proposals
Sun's rays

Philippine flag with the proposed ninth ray.

Prior to the 1998 independence centennial celebrations, the provincial government of Zambales lobbied that
the sunburst design accommodate a ninth ray, reasoning that their province was also in a state of rebellion in
1896. The Centennial Commission however refuted this change, based on research by the National
Historical Institute.[27] In August 2003, then Foreign Affairs Secretary Blas Ople also lobbied for a ninth ray,
saying that Quezon province should be added. He reasons that the first uprising against the Spaniards
happened at the foot of Mount Banahaw which was led by Hermano Pule in 1841.[28] In 2009, Senate Bill
No. 3307 was introduced to add an additional ray to represent the Moro people in Mindanao who also fought
the Spanish and was never occupied by the Spanish colonial government. As of September 24, 2009. [29] On
October 14, 2009, the Senate approved the Conference Committee Report on the bill. [30] As of 2014, the
Ninth Ray movement is among the prominent groups pushing for the addition of a ninth ray to the flag's sun.
Proponents of the movement believe that a ninth ray should be added to represent the Muslim and
indigenous people of the country who kept colonizers away from their lands.[31]

Fourth star
See also: Sabah Dispute

Osorio's proposal
Emmanuel L. Osorio, one of the founders of the Ninth Ray movement, came up with a proposal adding not
only a ninth ray to the flag's sun but also adding a fourth star to the flag representing Sabah, a territory
claimed by the Philippines but currently under Malaysian sovereignty. The flag's triangle is changed into a
rectangle to accommodate a fourth star. According to Osorio, the star representing Sabah in his proposed
flag was added "in principle" and said the flag proposal seeks to express the Ninth Ray movement's view
that if we get Sabah, then it could be represented by the star.[31]

Crescent moon

Proposals by former President Fidel V. Ramos


There have been numerous proposals as to how the crescent moon should be incorporated into the flag,
including one such proposal from former President Fidel V. Ramos.[32]

Usage
Flag protocol
The flag should be displayed in all government buildings, official residences, public plazas, and schools
every day throughout the year. The days of the 28th of May (National Flag Day) and the 12th of June
(Independence Day) are designated as flag days, during which all offices, agencies and instrumentalities of
government, business establishments, institutions of learning and private homes are enjoined to display the

flag.[10] But in recent years, the flag days are now from May 28 to June 30 yearly to promote patriotism and
to celebrate the nation's independence.
By law, the Philippine flag must be permanently hoisted and illuminated at night at the following locations:
[10]

Malacaan Palace, the official residence of the President of the Philippines

Congress of the Philippines buildings:


o Senate of the Philippines building
o House of Representatives of the Philippines building (Batasang Pambansa Complex)

Supreme Court of the Philippines building

Rizal Monument in Luneta, Manila

Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite

Barasoain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

Libingan ng mga Bayani

Mausoleo de los Veteranos de la Revolucin

All international ports of entry

All other places as may be designated by the National Historical Institute as such.

Half-mast

The flag of the Philippines flown at half-mast in back Bonifacio Shrine in Manila.
The flag may be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning.[10] Upon the official announcement of the death of
the President or a former President, the flag should be flown at half-mast for ten days. The flag should be
flown at half-mast for seven days following the death of the Vice President, the Chief Justice, the President
of the Senate or the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
The flag may also be required to fly at half-mast upon the death of other persons to be determined by the
National Historical Institute, for a period less than seven days. The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the
buildings and places where the decedent was holding office, on the day of death until the day of interment of
an incumbent member of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the House of Representatives, and
such other persons as may be determined by the National Historical Institute.

When flown at half-mast, the flag should be first hoisted to the peak for a moment then lowered to the halfmast position. It should be raised to the peak again before it is lowered for the day.
The flag may also be used to cover the caskets of the dead of the military, veterans of previous wars,
national artists, and outstanding civilians as determined by the local government. In such cases, the flag
must be placed such that the white triangle is at the head and the blue portion covers the right side of the
casket. The flag should not be lowered to the grave or allowed to touch the ground, but should be solemnly
folded and handed to the heirs of the deceased.

Prohibited acts

Section 10 of RA 8491 states that when the flag is displayed on a wall during peacetime, the blue field is to
the observers' left, as shown here.[10]
According to Republic Act 8491 itself, it shall be prohibited:[10]
a) To mutilate, deface, defile, trample on or cast contempt or commit any act or omission casting
dishonor or ridicule upon the flag or over its surface;
b) To dip the flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute;
c) To use the flag:
1) As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth;
2) As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects;
3) As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles;

4) As a staff or whip;
5) For unveiling monuments or statues; and
6) As trademarks, or for industrial, commercial or agricultural labels or designs.
d) To display the flag:
1) Under any painting or picture;
2) Horizontally face-up. It shall always be hoisted aloft and be allowed to fall freely;
3) Below any platform; or
4) In discothques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling joints and places of vice or
where frivolity prevails.
e) To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform;
f) To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisement, or imprint of any nature
on the flag;
g) To print, paint or attach representation of the flag on handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions, and other
articles of merchandise;
h) To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other diplomatic establishments,
and in offices of international organizations;
i) To use, display or be part of any advertisement or infomercial; and
j) To display the flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.
The Act mandates that violators shall, upon conviction, be punished by fine or imprisonment.[10]

Pledge
Main article: Panunumpa ng Katapatan sa Watawat
The Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine flag (distinct from the Patriotic Oath of Allegiance) should be
recited while standing with the right hand with palm open raised shoulder high. Individuals whose faith or
religious beliefs prohibit them from making such pledge are permitted to excuse themselves, but are required
by law to show full respect when the pledge is being rendered by standing at attention.[10]
Tagalog
Ako ay Filipino
Buong katapatang nanunumpa
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan at kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
Maka-Diyos
Maka-tao
Makakalikasan at
Makabansa[10]

English translation
I am a Filipino
I pledge my allegiance
To the flag of the Philippines
And to the country it represents
With honor, justice and freedom
Put in motion by one nation
For God
for People
for the Nature and
for the Country.

The law makes no statement regarding the language in which the pledge must be recited, but the pledge is
written (and therefore recited) in the Filipino language.

Flag anthem
Main article: Lupang Hinirang

Spanish, Tagalog/Filipino and English versions of the national anthem have been given official status
throughout Philippine history. However, only the most recent and current Filipino version is officially
recognised by law. The Flag and Heraldic Code, approved on 12 February 1998 specifies, Lupang Hinirang,
"The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national language within or without the country";
violation of the law is punishable by a fine and imprisonment .

National Flag Day


The National Flag Day in the Philippines is celebrated every 28 May, the very day of the 1898 Battle of
Alapan. The official National Flag flying period starts from May 28 and ends on Independence Day, June 12,
every year, although the flying period for the flag in homes, businesses and public establishments may start
on a specified day of May (to be given by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines) and may
last till June 30.

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