ASSIGNMENT-II

Petroleum Formation Evaluation

Submitted to :

Dr V. P. SHARMA
BY:
YOGESH MOHAN
ADM. NO.-9971
6TH SEMESTER

B-TECH (PETROLEUM ENGG

1. SOLUTION:
Formation Evaluation of wildcat well
A

number of details and specialty of well and field decide the suitability and worth
of running a particular log to a wildcat well .It is impractical to think of a universal
log applicable to all well or field conditions. So the following points must be welldiscussed while deciding the most effective combination of tools to be used:
1. Lithological geometry of zone including type, thickness, variation of
productive zone.
2. Physical nature of zone (sand consolidation, litho logy, fracture) &
hydrocarbon (crude type, T,P) and chemistry of zone element content.
3. Previously available data history of area.
4. Drilling technique (knowledge of zones in vicinity of objective formation) &
drilling fluid used

ZONE CONDITION

LOGGING / TOOL PACKAGE

Formation
water
in
productive zone- from fresh to
mildly salty
Un/partially-consolidated
&
poorly
sorted
sand,
clay
presence
Heavy drilling mud,
Lots of heterogeneity

Mud logging for all wildcate well, coring(diamond)

& testing (depending on show)

Productive Formation water :

very salty
Unconsolidated but well sorted
sand ,
Shale sloughing possibility
Fracture-less & carbonate-free
zone
Drilling mud : heavy

Mud logging for all wildcat well

coring & wire line testing (depending on sidewall
sampling/show & result of mud logging)
induction-log & micro log (focused for thin
sand)/sonic log for nearly all wildcat well
No open-hole test to avoid sloughing

Induction-log replaces resistivity log

Micro log(non-focused is even fine) /sonic log is
run in nearly all wildcat well
While radioactive log (rarely due to poor contrast)
until precise depth locating is a need.
SP log to get Sw if salty formation water

Formation
water
:fresh
to Mud logging & coring /testing (open hole)(diamond
moderately salty
as formation is hard)for all wildcat well
Formation rock :hard
Sidewall sampling is ineffective (due to hard
Irregular & fracture porosity in formation)
sandstone, carbonate & shale
SP log is dampened due high resistivity

Chemical
nature
anhydride content)
Fair homogeneity

(huge

Micro lateral log (focused for thin sand)

Gamma & neutron in all exploratory well(due to high
radioactivity content)
Sonic /porosity log for porosity

Formation water : highly salty

Mud logging for all wildcat well
Irregular & fracture porosity in Cutting oil show to reveal production from carbonate
sandstone, carbonate(vugs)
reef.
Salt mud for salt thick beds
Coring to get ,k
-log in place of SP
Micro log for qualitative
Mostly open hole testing
Formation water : very salty
Irregular & fracture porosity
Carbonate formation
Salt mud for thick salt beds

Mud logging for all wildcat well to guide coring

,logging & testing
Special method (using current focusing )to calculate
saturation
Sonic /gamma log for

Log Quality Control Check

Actually, Qualitative & quantitative accuracy & reliability of logging are matter of
well-functioning of tools and sincerity of loggers. So to avert the situation of
equipment failures & operational difficulties, which lead to quality-degradation of
log, geologist and engineers are supposed to do threadbare pre-log, on-log & postlog analysis . Only worth-running log should be performed only to avoid financial &
operational botheration. Re-running of log should be considered to correct any
suspicion arised.

Pre-log Preparation:
(A)
PROPER COMMUNICATION WITH SERVICE PROVIDER
1. Make the service company know the kind of log you need to be run & an any
extra technical details which may help in selection of main & accessory
equipments or in taking precaution .Ex: in case of Unusual high pressure &
temp of well etc.
2. Always, effort should be made to employ best person on the job ,because
interpretation of data is even more important than just operation.
(B)
WELL PREPARATION
1. All data related to well(name , location ,correct elevation ) or field (field
name ) like inferences made on mud samples and details like hole size, total
depth , casing size , mud weight & viscosity, borehole temperature &
condition , should be checked and disclosed to engineer in the process.

2. Equipments & engineer on duty should be ready with all necessary decision
as soon as tripping ends.

GENERAL CHECK FOR ALL LOGS

ON-LOGGING
1. Dont destroy print detail of anything that happens during logging
including even calibration to outcome of any unsatisfactory log.
2. Scale which could give best contrast of parameters involved should be
chosen. SPECIFY at top & bottom in printed form for every scale
change made.
3. Do try to get very precise and volumes of data to facilitate further
interpretation & unnecessary assumptions to be made in want of
sufficient data.
4. Always attention should be paid for proper hardware co-ordination &
proper functioning of any newly introduced tool.
5. Depth control- takes a scale like 1ft -1000 ft depth with error
approximation +1 ft at any depth. Cable must be tight while running
the tool otherwise reading will mismatch.
6. Anything special regarding formation under-consideration should be
put down as remarks.
7. Header and footer of printed should include clear-cut information of
well (specification),a note of service performed by company.

SPECIAL QUALITY CHECK

LOGGING

SP

INDUCTION
LOG

SPECIAL CHECK (OTHER THAN GENERAL)

Ground electrode is to be kept stable in the stagnant mud
of pit
Extraneous noise from any source (generator, radio etc)
need to be zeroed.
Logging speed should not be greater than 6000 ft/hr(for
good sensitivity of galvanometer)
In post analysis check of any superimposition of constant
frequency & also other roots of erroneous SP curve.
Proper scale selection for good plot
TO record calibration & zero check on wooden horses in
hile at bottom & at top
Have mechanical zero reading at bottom & top &
electrical zero for pipe

15 minute warm up for tool must be given

Again tool speed6000 ft /hr.

MICROLOG

SONIC LOG

CALLIPER LOG

RADIOACTIVE
LOG

A good sample of mud of known Rmf & Rmc is needed

Micro log should always be run with caliper log.
Obtain mechanical zero reading at bottom & top &
electrical zero for pipe.
Use expended depth scale for very thin interbeded zone.

Carbonate section should be logged with more sensitive

scale
Obtain mechanical zero reading at bottom & top &
electrical zero for pipe
Again, tool speed6000 ft /hr.
Have sonic log recorded across two track
Centralizer must be used with tool if seismic velocity
information is needed.
Check for cycle skipping /triggering

Precision of SCALE is quite important (1/8).

Specify the type of tool used-detector & its length
,neutron source, source detector spacing
Do a 2-3 minute stastical check in dense zone for the
neutron & shale for gamma log
Use short detector for thin bed

SOLUTION

POROSITY of formation = =

Where F=

Ro / Rw