Raymond Carl

Thurow

Viken
Sassouni

Alexandre G.
Petrovic

Thomas D.
Creekmore

Samir E.
Bishara

Anna Hopkins
Angle

William Conrad
Roentgen

Edmund H.
Wuerpel

Milo
Hellman

1920-2009

1922-1983

1925-2003

1931-2002

1935-2010

1872-1957

1845-1923

1866-1958

1872-1947

James E.
Brophy

Richard A.
Riedel

Harold T.
Perry

Ronald H.
Roth

Anthony A.
Gianelly

Jane G.
Bunker

Calvin Suveril
Case

John Valentine
Mershon

Anna Hopkins
Angle

1921-1985

1922-1994

1926-2012

1933-2005

1936-2009

b. 1886 (est)

1847-1923

1867-1953

1872-1957

Kalevi
Koski

Wayne Allen
Bolton

Donald G.
Woodside

Lennart
Wieslander

Jri
Kurol

Josephine M.
Abelson

Edward Hartley
Angle

Albert H.
Ketcham

Frederick Bogue
Noyes

1921-1998

1922-2011

1927-2013

1933-2009

1942-2011

1901-1987

1855-1930

1870-1935

1872-1961

Lester Levern
Merrifield

J. Daniel
Subtelney

Donald H.
Enlow

George F.
Andreasen

Vincent G.
Kokich

Alice C.
Kinninger

Charles Augustus
Hawley

Viggo
Andresen

Alfred Paul
Rogers

1921-2000

1922-2014

1927-2014

1934-1989

1944-2013

b. 1908

1861-1929

1870-1950

1873-1959

Ernest H.
Hixon

Melvin Lionel
Moss

Per-Ingvar
Brnemark

Beni
Solow

Robert P.
Kusy

Carlotta A.
Hawley

Rodriques
Ottolengui

Emil
Herbst

Axel F.
Lundstrom

1922-1972

1923-2006

1929-2014

1934-2000

1947-2008

1913-1990

1861-1937

1872-1940

1875-1941

Honorable Mention

Anna Hopkins Angle

q
Philip Edwin Adams

1896-1973

q
Simeon Hayden Guilford

1841-1919

q
Terrell L. Root

1924-1997

q
Milton B. Asbell

1913-2003

q
David C. Hamilton

1928-2005

q
Per Rygh

1930-2008

q
Tiziano Baccetti

1966-2011

q
Samuel Hemley

1898-1970

q
Isaac Schour

1900-1964

q
Charles Reeder Baker

1880-1970

q
John H. Hickham

1934-2004

q
Arthur Martin Schwarz

1887-1963

q
Henry Albert Baker

1848-1934

q
H. Perry Hitchcock

1921-2005

q
James Henderson Scott

1913-1970

q
Wilhelm Balters

1893-1973

q
Sidney Horowitz

1921-2006

q
George Dever Selfridge

1924-2014

q
G.V. Black

1836-1915

q
William Roy Humphrey

1892-1980

q
Wilbur M. Shankland

1912-1992

q
William John Brady

1862-1937

q
Andrew Francis Jackson

1880-1963

q
Everett Shapiro

1917-2002

q
Birdsall Holly Broadbent, Jr. 1928-2009

q
Victor Hugo Jackson

1850-1929

q
Milton Reginald Sims

1927-2006

q
Archie B. Brusse

1888-1959

q
A. LeRoy Johnson

1881-1967

q
Thomas D. Speidel

1908-1957

q
Clarence Clu Carey

1903-2003

q
Craven Henry Kurz

1943-1998

q
Harvey Stallard

1888-1974

q
Frank M. Casto

1875-1965

q
Lloyd Steel Lourie, Sr.

1877-1959

q
Arthur T. Storey

1928-1998

q
Norman M. Cetlin

1921-2008

q
Kenneth C. Marshall

1917-2007

q
Elsdon Tony Storey

1924-1988

q
S. Eugene Coben

1926-2007

q
J. Rodney Mathews

1911-1987

q
Richard Summa

1868-1933

q
James Frank Colyer

1866-1954

q
James D. McCoy

1884-1965

q
Alexander Sved

1891-1969

q
Harry L Dougherty, Sr.

1926-2013

q
Frederick Sumner McKay

1874-1959

q
Eugene Solomon Talbot

1847-1925

q
Joseph D. Eby

1887-1966

q
George V. Newman

1924-2012

q
Arthur Thornton Taylor

1901-1987

q
Bercu Fischer

1893-1969

q
George Northcroft

1869-1944

q
Dale B. Wade

1940-1998

q
Maxwell S. Fogel

1912-2001

q
Harold Judd Noyes

1898-1969

q
Leuman M. Waugh

1877-1972

q
Stanley Garn

1922-2007

q
Harvey Peck

1937-1981

q
Eugene E. West

1920-1995

q
William King Gregory

1876-1970

q
Lowrie J. Porter

1895-1981

q
Frederick T. West

1893-1989

q
George W. Grieve

1870-1950

q
Earl Wiley Renfroe

1907-2000

q
Albert P. Westfall

1902-1975

q
Josef Grnberg

18??-1932

q
Elizabeth Ellen Richardson

1863-1938

1872-1957

q
A schoolteacher


at age 16, she became Angles

secretary at 21, and then his wife.

Josephine M. Abelson

1901-1987

q
Dewey


School of Orthodontia (1923). First woman to

direct a Dewey School clinic.

q
Studied


dentistry at the University of Iowa,

and orthodontics with Angle.

Alice C. Kinninger

q
Founding


member, Society of Orthodontists,

and first editor of The Angle Orthodontist.

q
Taught


orthodontics at the University of

Southern California.

q
Known


to many as Mother Angle, she calmed

the waters that Angle roiled.

Elizabeth E. Richardson (not pictured)

q
Invented


1863-1936

Carlotta A. Hawley

1913-1990

by her famous father to pursue

orthodontics, she did it anyway.

Dewey School of Orthodontia in

Kansas City, Missouri.

q
Member


of the Angle Society, ABO-certified,

and widely regarded as a meticulous clinician.

contributor to Journal, 1919-1927

Jane G. Bunker

a space maintainer for fractured incisors.

q
Discouraged


q
Graduate,

q
Frequent


b. 1908

As the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics marks its

Centennial, we pause to recognize some of the people who influenced the developing
specialty of orthodontics during the last 100 years. A list of nominees people who
lived, worked, and contributed to the Journal or the specialty between 1915 and 2014
(but are no longer alive today) was sent to 16 judges. The judges were asked to select
the 100 people they thought were the most influential during this period. We tallied
the votes and are pleased to present here, in chronologic order (by year of birth),
100 People of Influence. Many of the names on the pages that follow are familiar
today because of the appliances and techniques these people invented, the articles
and books they wrote, or the many students they taught. Twenty of them are so well
known that all 16 judges voted for them, and we are proud to recognize a few of their
accomplishments.
In addition, we present two supplemental lists. The first is an Honorable Mention roster
of 68 people who were selected by some of the judges. And then, because orthodontics
was surely a mans world during those early years, we offer a short list of women who
distinguished themselves as orthodontists during the very early years, influencing the
specialty in a different but important way.

b. 1886 (est)

q
Angle


graduate and early member of the American

Society of Orthodontists (1906).

S154

Calvin Suveril Case

q
Author,

1847-1923

extraction to correct facial deformities;

his 1911 paper provoked the Great Extraction Debate.

q
Customized

facial esthetics, in contrast to Angles

emphasis on occlusion.
consider his greatest contribution to be the
prosthetic correction of cleft palate.

advocate of the Tweed technique.

Textbook of Orthodontia (1933) became a standard.

the inviolability of intercanine and intermolar

widths.

Hays N. Nance
Edward Hartley Angle
q
Teacher,


1855-1930

author, inventor, clinician, firebrand.

q
Regarded


as the Father of Modern Orthodontics.

q
Promoted


separation of orthodontics from dentistry.

q
Established


the first organized orthodontic society

and the first orthodontic journal.

Prepared by
Chris Burke, Managing Editor
Lisa Troehler, Graphic Designer
Rolf G. Behrents, Editor-in-Chief

1881-1982

educator, and author.

q
Espoused


q
Some


a 2-week continuing education course at

Columbia University that continued until 1946.

q
His


q
Stressed


q
Inaugurated

q
Principal


appliances for each patient.

Robert H.W. Strang

q
Clinician,


clinician, and innovator.

q
Advocated


1893-1964

q
Meticulous


clinician and investigator whose his landmark

paper was Limitations of orthodontic treatment.

q
Reported


that treated dentitions return to their original

intercanine and intermolar widths.

q
Defined


leeway space and reported that it could be

reserved with a space maintainer in a borderline
extraction patient.

q
Renewed


interest in mixed dentition treatment and an

increase in second premolar extractions.

Acknowledgment: Thanks to Norman Wahl, whose 16-part series in the AJO-DO, Orthodontics in 3 millennia, provided much of the information for this display.

S153

S147

S148

Albin
Oppenheim

Paul W.
Simon

Oren A.
Oliver

Hays N.
Nance

Gustav
Korkhaus

William B.
Downs

Jacob Amos
Salzmann

Joseph R.
Jarabak

John R.
Thompson

Bernard
Sarnat

Alton Wallace
Moore

Reed
Holdaway

1875-1945

1883-1957

1887-1965

1893-1964

1895-1978

1899-1966

1902-1992

1906-1989

1910-2004

1912-2011

1916-2007

1917-2009

Charles Virgil
Mosby

H.C.
Pollock, Sr.

Joseph E.
Johnson

George Bernard
Crozat

Cecil C.
Steiner

Lester Bodine
Higley

B. F.
Dewel

Earl Emanuel
Shepard

Arne
Bjrk

Wendell L.
Wylie

Samuel
Weinstein

Robert Edison
Moyers

1876-1942

1884-1970

1888-1969

1894-1966

1896-1989

1899-1990

1902-1999

1908-1991

1911-1996

1913-1966

1916-2008

1919-1996

Benno Edward
Lischer

T. Wingate
Todd

Ernest Sheldon
Friel

Birdsall Holly
Broadbent, Sr.

Paul D.
Lewis

Herbert I.
Margolis

Wilton Marion
Krogman

Rolf
Frnkel

Faustin Neff
Weber

Robert E.
Gaylord

Anders
Lundstrom

C. Philip
Adams

1876-1959

1885-1938

1888-1970

1894-1977

1896-1992

1900-1984

1903-1987

1908-2001

1911-1996

1914-2001

1916-2009

1919-1997

Martin
Dewey

Bernhard W.
Weinberger

Harry
Sicher

George Walter
Hahn

Allan Gibson
Brodie

Harold D.
Kesling

Kaare
Reitan

Fred R.
Schudy

Brainerd F.
Swain

Hans Peter
Bimler

Tom
Graber

Samuel
Pruzansky

1881-1933

1885-1960

1889-1974

1894-1977

1897-1976

1901-1979

1903-2000

1908-2001

1911-1999

1916-2003

1917-2007

1920-1984

Robert H. W.
Strang

Spencer Roane
Atkinson

Karl
Haupl

Charles Henry
Tweed, Jr.

Paul Raymond
Begg

Silas
Kloehn

Rudolf P.
Hotz

Arthur B.
Lewis

Egil Peter
Harvold

Coenraad F. A.
Moorrees

Paul
Tessier

Robert M.
Ricketts

1881-1982

1886-1970

1893-1960

1895-1970

1898-1983

1902-1985

1905-1979

1909-1996

1912-1992

1916-2003

1917-2008

1920-2003

Birdsall Holly Broadbent, Sr.

1894-1977

q
Studied


roentgenography at the Angle School, and

wondered if images could be superimposed to reveal
changes during orthodontic treatment.

q
Worked


with Todd at Western Reserve to design a

craniostat to standardize x-rays of dry skulls.

q
Adapted


that device to the heads of living subjects.

q
Researched


the cephalic development of 800 children

in a study sponsored by the Brush Foundation.

Charles Henry Tweed, Jr.

q
Exacting


1895-1970

with dental protrusions and unsatisfactory

esthetics, he began extracting 4 premolars in some
patients.

q
Developed


the Tweed triangle (1936).

Cecil C. Steiner

1896-1989

the Steiner analysis in 1953, a step-by-step

approach that was instrumental in popularizing
cephalometrics.
1897-1976

of Angles last graduates and one of his favorites.

author, spokesman for the new mechanism.

q
Chair


of the graduate orthodontic department at the

University of Illinois for 36 years.

q
Established


a correlation between successful treatment

and good facial growth.

q
Studied


Paul Raymond Begg

q
Developed


q
Published


q
Educator,


1898-1983

in Australia before coming to the United

States to study under Angle.

second student at the Pasadena school;

he was initially rebuffed because he didnt know
who Charles Darwin was.

Allan Gibson Brodie

q
A jackaroo


q
Angles


q
One


clinician and generous teacher.

q
Concerned


growth and development and related laboratory

findings to clinical practice.

his own bracket in 1933.

q
In the


1940s, developed the highly resilient, stainless

steel Australian wire.

q
His


innovations came together in the multiloop light-wire

Begg technique (1965).

q
Practiced


orthodontics for more than 55 years and

registered his last patent at age 84.

William B. Downs

1899-1966

q
Member


of Brodies first class (1930) at Illinois

and later a mainstay of the teaching staff.

q
Coauthor


of classic text, Cephalometric Appraisal

of Orthodontic Results (1938).

q
His


landmark study of facial relationships resulted in

Downs Analysis, the first cephalometric analysis that
could be applied clinically.

Herbert I. Margolis

1900-1984

q
His


cephalometric investigations combined anatomy

with evolution.

q
Developed


the facial line (nasion-pogonion) and

maxillofacial triangle, which adheres to the concept
of individual variation.

q
Designed


the Margolis cephalostat.

Joseph R. Jarabak

1906-1989

inventor, master clinician, biomechanic,

and showman.

q
Developed


a light-wire technique, first with standard

edgewise brackets, then with brackets preadjusted for
torque and angulation.

q
With


the Jarabak bracket and preadjusted brackets.

J.A. Fizzell, developed principles governing tooth

movement with light-wire technique.

Jacob Amos Salzmann

q
Author,


1902-1992

editor, and educator.

q
Child-health


Rolf Frnkel

1908-2001

q
Studied


in Germany and treated patients with

Angles E-arch as early as 1928.

advocate locally and internationally.

q
Only


dentist/orthodontist to attend World Health

Conference for Children in 1940, 1950, and 1960.
1903-2000

in Norway, he studied dentistry in Paris and

orthodontics in Chicago.

q
Military


surgeon in World War II, treating jaw and

facial injuries.
in East Germany, he developed (in 1957)
the function regulator, an appliance that corrects
malocclusions by channeling growth.

q
Born

q
His


histologic investigation of reactions in teeth

and supporting tissues incident to tooth movement
are classic.

q
Introduced


the edgewise technique in his practice and

shared his knowledge with colleagues, making Norway
one of the first countries in Europe where modern fixed
appliance treatment became widely available.

Arne Bjrk

1911-1996

q
His


doctoral dissertation for the Swedish Institute

of Human Genetics (1947) showed that growth does
not proceed in a linear, translatory fashion.

q
Conducted


S150

Coenraad F. A. Moorrees

1916-2003

(in 1955) the first human growth study

using implants, and discovered greater rotation of the
maxilla and mandible.

in the United States but, called to duty in

World War II by the Dutch government, he was a
prisoner of war for 3 years.

q
Studied


child growth and dental anthropology at

the Forsyth Dental Infirmary in Boston.
that children often pass through
abnormal stages of growth before reaching the
end of puberty with acceptable occlusions.

q
Conducted


landmark studies of the Aleut population

and longitudinal dentition of growing children.

q
Used


natural head position and demonstrated

biologic variations in many craniofacial landmarks.

Tom Graber

1917-2007

q
AJO-DO


Editor, author, educator, and world traveler.

q
Pioneer


in craniofacial biology and anomalies.

q
Volunteered


for military service December 8, 1941

and served in Army Dental Corp.

S151

S152

Robert Edison Moyers

q
Highly


1919-1996

decorated dental officer in the U.S. Army.

q
Founding


chair of the University of Toronto orthodontic

department, the first in Canada.

q
Chairman


q
Determined


q
Inspired


S149

q
Studied


q
Working


Kaare Reitan

q
Educator,


q
Developed


by Benno Lischer to specialize in orthodontics.

of the Department of Orthodontics at the

University of Michigan and, later, director of the
Center for Human Growth and Development.

q
His


clinical research provided a better understanding

of the role of the neuromusculature in normal facial
growth and during treatment.

Samuel Pruzansky

1920-1984

q
Inspired


teacher and investigator, advocate, and

benefactor for patients with craniofacial anomalies.

q
Internationally


acclaimed for his studies of the anatomy

and growth of the craniofacial complex and for his
leadership in the care and treatment of patients.

q
Founding


director of the Center for Craniofacial

Anomalies at the University of Illinois College of
Medicine.