Optimization Of Coagulation Process To

Treat Rubber Industry Effluent

Using
Natural Coagulant (Kalanchoe Pinnata)

Presentation Outline

Problem statement and objective

Introduction
Methodology
Result and discussion
Conclusion

Problem statement

Objective
To study the performances of natural
coagulant in term of turbidity removal and
cod reduction
To determine the capability of the Setawar
leaves as natural coagulant in treating rubber
effluent.
To obtain optimum condition in term of
dosage and pH of natural coagulant in treating
rubber effluent

Introduction

Coagulation
Coagulation basically is a process used to destabilize the particle found in waters
so that they may be removed by subsequent separation process
Treatment Methods

BOD

COD

TOC

Turbid

Colour

Coli

NH -N
3

Primary treatment

Activated Sludge

Nitrification

De-nitrification

Tricking filter

Coagulation-Flocculation

Filtration A/S

GAC adsorption

Ion exchange

Chlorination
Ozone

x
+

x
+

+
o

Symbols: o = 25% removal of influent concentration, x = 25-50%, + = > 50%. Blank denoted no data

Table 1: Comparison of waste water treatment method that commonly used. (Metcalf & Eddy, 1991)

Kalanchoe Pinnata
Use as natural coagulant in this rersearch
Why kalanchoe pinnata choosen
Easy to grow
Low cost
Environmental friendly
New plant in the natural coagulant field

Kalanchoe Pinnata leaves

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Rubber wastewater
One of the hazardous waste water
Has high COD , turbidity and pose threat when
release to the environment

Table.1.1 Typical characteristic of wastewater from rubber processing(source

India central pollution control board, 2001)

Response Surface Method

Design of experiment are done using fix
parameter.
Analysis of RSM are done when data are
collected
Optimization analyze from the data collected

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Methodology

Design of experiment
Collection and Preservation of Samples
Preparation of Coagulants
Experimental Procedure
Coagulation studies at different conditions

Sample Analysis
Turbidity Test
COD Test
Suspended Solid Test

Part One
Collecting wastewater and
preparation of natural
coagulant
Wastewater collected
and preserve at 4C
Natural coagulant
are dried using
sun
Dries leaves are
grind ,sieved and
stored in a
vacumm container

Rubber Wastewater
treatment using
Kalanchoe Pinnata
Part Two
Design of experiment
using Design Expert

Parameter , dosage pH
are determined
Design of experiment
are done using fix
parameter

Preparation of natural
coagulant solution ,pH
modifier and flocculant
aid
JAR test : fast
mixing 120rpm,
slow mix 40rpm
Analysis of supernatant
from treated wastewater

Suspended solid test

COD test

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Part
Three

Turbidity test

JAR test machine

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Result and discussion

Trend

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Optimization (RSM)

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Discussion
several factors that can affect the natural coagulant ability to coagulate
alkalinity
temperature
time
Dosage of natural coagulant
four primary mechanism of coagulant which is enmeshment, adsorption,
charge neutralization/destabilization and complexation/precipitation.
(Pernitsky, 2003)
coagulation will happen via Van der Waals force, which refers to the
tendency of particle in nature to attract each other weakly if they did not
have charge

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Na

OH

Waste water

Na

OH

H
/

Unknown
compound

Waste water

Conclusion and Recommendation

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Conclusion
Kalanchoe Pinnata can work as a natural
coagulant
It best work at alkali condition
High amount dosage of natural coagulant ,
higher removal efficiency

Recommendation
Used wider range for natural coagulant
dosage
Use higher concentration of natural coagulant
Conduct a study on harvesting time for
Kalanchoe Pinnata

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