HVAC AND LIGHTING IN HOSPITAL BUILDING

Introduction:
Hospital have the multidimensional role of providing a safe and comfortable environment
to the patient, visitor and staff. Hospital may need the thermal comfort, acceptable indoor air
quality and reasonable installation and operation. All these requirement are fulfilled through the
proper installation of the HVAC. Specified range of temp. and humidity is also required for
effective functioning of hospital.
Importance of HVAC:
Provide clean, comfortable and controlled environment to patient and staff.
Minimize the risk of transmission of airborne pathogens.
Controls the air balance in terms of air quality and air movements.
Provides difference between temperature and humidity according to the requirements of the
room
Facilitate ventilation and filtration to dilute and remove contaminants
Helps to provide total fresh air in ultra clean O.T. with high efficiency air filter.
Proper ventilations systems also used to control the spread of disease within a hospital.
Thermal insulation:
Barrier to the natural flow of heat from an area of high temperature to an area of the
low temperature. It can also be referred as the material used to reduce the rate of heat
transfer e.g. glass wool, rock wool, vermiculite etc. The main purpose of the thermal
insulation in the building is to maintain a comfortable and hygienic indoor climate and to
prevent summer time over heating and winter time cooling of building through reducing the
heat transfer. Natural methods of obtaining thermal insulations may be heat insulation by
orientation, shading devices, stack effect of air movement etc
Importance of thermal insulation:
To provide comfortable environment for the occupant
Fuel saving
Cost efficient
Maintain healthy environment
Objectives:
To know the temperature, air change per hour, relative humidity of the particular
space/area in the hospital.
To understand the value of the rooms according to the high importance of the HVAC
which might help in hospital planning.
Space requirement for the medical gases and its layout plan.(layout of medical gas pipeline
system
to understand the heating and cooling requirement in terms of the type of the rooms e.g.
burn patient room, ICU room, O.T. etc

Lighting:

It is the most important single component for the proper definition of space or
manifestation of form, without light there is no perceived visual space. It is an integral point of
architectural design. It calls for the most careful planning and the skills of architect, the quality of
light in an architectural space directly affects the definition as well as the quality of space itself.
The requirements for good lighting design can be achieved by skillful application of day
lighting techniques. light skillfully employed provides the architect with one of the most effective
modes of aesthetic architectural expression. It is the means to reveal spaces and volume and
interact with the environment.
Lighting in an hospital design is critical for hospital environment. Natural light is the key
design component in hospital. The complex hospital structure and the diverse function necessitates
a planned and effective lighting system. Interior as well as exterior lighting requirements should
receive a due consideration.
Objective:
Human comfort-improved mood, concentration and healing
Energy efficient
Cost efficient-reduce expenditure on energy for heating and lighting.
HVAC and Lighting consideration for various areas of the hospital:
Corridors
Diagnosis department
Pharmacy
Patient room
Operative room
Anesthetic room
Emergency room
ICU room
Mortuary room
References:
Time saver standard
Neufert Architect data
Modern trends in designing and planning of hospital,
Shakti Kumar Gupta
Sunil Kant
R Chandrashekhar
Siddhartha Satpathy

important objective