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GEMORFOLOGA DE LA CUENCA
1.- AREA DE LA CUENCA
1. Las areas parciales se determinan mediante el planimetro, de la siguiente manera :
Se emplea el sofware Auto Cad Y ArcInfo para cada area por encima de la cota de nivel 3900 msnm teniendo
para el calculo de las areas parciales, datos que seran empleados para la curva hipsometrica
1.- AREA DE LA CUENCA
1.1 DETERMINACIN DE LOS ELEMENTOS PARA GRAFICAR LA CURVA HIPSOMTRICA Y
EL POLGONO DE FRECUENCIA DE LA MICROCUENCA
ALTITUD
AREAS PARCIALES
m.s.n.m.
3900
4050
4150
4250
4550
TOTAL
Km2
0.000
2.277
3.648
5.376
13.357
24.658
AREAS ACUMULADAS
POR DEBAJO
POR ENCIMA
(KM2)
(%)
KM2
(%)
0.000
0.0
24.658
100.00
2.277
9.23
22.381
90.8
5.925
24.0
18.733
76.0
11.301
45.8
13.357
54.2
24.658
100.0
0.000
0.0
(%)
0.00
9.23
14.79
21.80
54.17
100.00
ALTITUD
m.s.n.m.
4550
4250
4150
4050
3900
Cota (msnm)
4400
4200
4000
3800
0.0
9.2
24.0
45.8
100.0
H ms=
ci
3975
4100
4200
4400
16675
( c M +c m )
2
Hms = 4225
ai*ci
9051.075
14956.80
22579.20
58770.80
105357.9
H=
4272.766
CM = 4550
Cm = 3900
CM=cota mayor
Cm=cota menor
ALTITUD(m.s.n.m)
POLIGONO DE FRECUENCIAS
4550
54.17
4250
21.80
4150
14.79
4050
9.23
3900
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
PORCENTAJE
DE AREAS PARCIALES(%)
POLIGONO
DE FRECUENCIAS
K=0. 282
DATOS DE INGRESO:
24.682
24.774
Permetro de la cuenca(P) en Km
Area de la cuenca(A) en Km2
RESULTADOS:
Coeficiente de compacidad(K)
P
A
1.399
P=permetro
A=rea cuenca
3.2.-
Rectngulo Equivalente
DATOS DE INGRESO:
Lado Mayor =
1.399
24.774
Coeficiente de compacidad(K)
Area de la cuenca(A) en Km2
RESULTADOS:
9.942
2.492
Lado Menor=
l=
( ( ))
( ( ))
KA
1 .12
1+ 1
1. 12
K
KA
1. 12
1 1
1. 12
K
L=
AREA
ALTITUD
m.s.n.m
3900
4050
4150
4250
4550
ANCHO
PARCIAL
(ai) en Km2 (Le) enKm
3.3.-
Factor Forma:
0
2.277
3.648
5.376
13.357
24.658
0
0.914
1.464
2.157
5.360
9.895
Li = ai / l
Le = ancho parcial en Km
ai= Area parcial en Km2
l = Lado menor del rectngulo en Km
Ff =
Ff =
l
A
= 2
L
L
0.25065885
0.24948518
3900
4050
4150
4250
4550
total
n=
(Km)
0
2804.12
2942.45
2213.22
1618.00
9577.79
4
S=
PENDIENTE
(%)
ACUM.(km)
0
2.80
2.94
2.21
1.62
9.58
0
2.80
5.75
7.96
9.58
n
1
1
1
+
+.. . .. .
S1 S2
Sn
0
5.35
3.40
4.52
18.54
1/(S)^0.5
0
4.3237
5.4244
4.7045
2.3224
16.7749
2
(Segn Taylor y Schwarz)
S=
S=
n
1
1
1
+
+.. . .. .
S1 S2
Sn
0.05685878
5.69 %
ALTITUD(m .s.n.m )
4150
4100
4050
4000
3900
3900
3800
0
2.80412
5.74657
7.95979
9.57779
Dd =
9.58 Km
4.40 Km
Li = Long.Total Cauces (
A = Area Cuenca(Km2)
Li
A
13.98 Km
24.658 Km2
Dd = 0.57
Fr = N cauces/A
N Cauces =
A = Area Cuenca(Km2)
Fr =
24.658
0.081109579
Es = A/4Li
Li = Long.Total Cauces (
A = Area Cuenca(Km2)
Es =
Tc=
13.98
24.658
0.44108419 Km
0. 87 L
H
3 0 .385
9.58 Km
550 m
1.1351 Horas
i=1
I p = i ( c ici 1 )
1/(L)^0.5
ci-1=cota de la curva anterior
ai=cada una de las areas parciales
i=
=
1
L
ai
At
0.317
ai
1
0.000
2.277
3.648
5.376
13.357
Bi = ai/At
2
0
0.092
0.148
0.218
0.542
ci - ci-1
3
0
150
100
100
300
Raz (4)
5
0
3.722
3.846
4.669
12.748
5 * 1/(L)^0.5
6
0
1.180
1.220
1.481
4.043
24.658
Ip =
6.2.- Pendiente de la Cuenca
H=
L=
S=
H
L
650 metros
9.942
S=
S=
0.065
6.538
0.65 Kilmetros
9.942 Kilmetros
7.92
K=Z
(ln(1/P))^1/2
*Fmla
Yestimado
Y=Yprom+kSy antilog(Y)
PP(mm)
PP=X*PPprom
0.5000
1.1774
0.0000
-0.00730
0.98333
26.20
0.2000
1.7941
0.8415
0.06310
1.15637
30.80
10
0.1000
2.1460
1.2817
0.09993
1.25873
33.53
25
0.0400
2.5373
1.7511
0.13920
1.37784
36.70
50
0.0200
2.7971
2.0542
0.16456
1.46069
38.91
75
0.0133
2.9385
2.2168
0.17816
1.50717
40.15
100
0.0100
3.0349
2.3268
0.18736
1.53944
41.01
150
0.0067
3.1656
2.4752
0.19978
1.58408
42.20
200
0.0050
3.2552
2.5762
0.20823
1.61523
43.03
300
0.0033
3.3775
2.7134
0.21971
1.65849
44.18
400
0.0025
3.4616
2.8074
0.22757
1.68878
44.99
500
0.0020
3.5255
2.8785
0.23352
1.71207
45.61
1000
0.0010
3.7169
3.0905
0.25126
1.78345
47.51
DISTRIBUCIN DE GUMBEL
T
PP(mm)
0.5000
-0.164272042 25.7649
0.2000
0.719457416 30.4679
10
0.1000
1.304563213 33.5817
25
0.0400 2.0438459386
50
75
0.0133
2.9110635883
37.516
42.1311
100
150
200
300
400
0.0025
500
1000
4.2205091107 49.0997
PP=Ppprom+k*S
S (Desv. Stan)
Coef. Asim.
(ln(1/P))^1/2
0.382372959
K*
Yestimado
PP(mm)
Y=Yprom+kSy
antilog(Y)
PP=X*PPprom
0.5000
1.1774
0.0000
-0.06346975
0.2000
1.7941
0.8415
0.816912497 0.0610444
1.1509179908
30.6594322376
10
0.1000
2.1460
1.2817
1.314990066
0.1027148
1.2668196182
33.7469485659
25
0.0400
2.5373
1.7511
1.875297199
0.1495915
1.4112094013
37.5933640432
50
0.0200
2.7971
2.0542 2.253625672
0.1812434 1.5179006846
40.4355249938
75
0.0133
2.9385
2.2168 2.462020079
0.1986781 1.5800766253
42.0918367858
100
0.0100
3.0349
2.3268
2.605130096
0.2106511 1.6242433094
43.2683979897
150
0.0067
3.1656
2.4752
44.9322148581
200
0.0050
3.2552
300
0.0033
3.3775
2.7134
3.122325839
400
0.0025
3.4616
2.8074
500
0.0020
1000
0.0010
-0.012611 0.9713805926
25.8767155377
1.731234686
46.1185531607
0.253921 1.7944070284
47.8014082091
49.0044929143
3.5255
49.9435437993
3.7169
3.0905
52.8975246016
CURVAS DE PRECIPITACIONES (m m )
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
LOG
NORMAL
GUMBEL
PEARSO
N TIPO III
PRECIPITACION (m m )
-0.0073
0.08
LOG
NORMAL
GUMBEL
PEARSO
N TIPO III
pp
(aos)
2
25.88
30.66
10
33.75
25
37.59
50
40.44
100
43.27
200
46.12
Pd =P24 h
d
1440
0. 25
Donde:
Pd= precipitacin total (mm)
d= duracin (min.)
P24h= precipitacin mxima en 24 horas (mm)
Lluvias Mximas- Choccoro (mm)
T
P mx
aos
24 horas
15
30
60
120
180
240
200
46.12
14.7
17.5
20.8
24.8
27.4
29.5
100
43.27
13.8
16.4
19.5
23.2
25.7
27.6
50
40.44
12.9
15.4
18.3
21.7
24.0
25.8
25
37.59
12.0
14.3
17.0
20.2
22.4
24.0
10
33.75
10.8
12.8
15.2
18.1
20.1
21.6
30.66
9.8
11.6
13.9
16.5
18.2
19.6
25.88
8.3
9.8
11.7
13.9
15.4
16.5
Adems:
Duracin en minutos
I=
Pd
d
P mx
aos
24 horas
Duracin en minutos
15
30
60
120
180
240
200
46.12
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.7
1.8
2.0
100
43.27
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.8
50
40.44
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.7
25
37.59
0.8
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.6
10
33.75
0.7
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.4
30.66
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.3
25.88
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
I=
0.72 mm/hr
CHIARA
DISTRITO
ALTITUD
: 3400 msnm
CODIGO
: 009
PROVINCIA
: HUAMANGA
LATITUD
: 1316'00"
AO
2009
DEPARTAMENTO
: AYACUCHO
LONGITUD
: 1312'27"
AO
ENE
FEB
MAR
ABR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AGO
SET
OCT
NOV
DIC
MAX
1999
18.7
23.3
24.4
11.2
4.2
4.0
6.6
0.0
12.5
10.8
17.8
17.9
24.4
2000
19.111
14.1
13.8
2.0
3.3
5.7
13.6
7.9
3.7
16.7
6.5
14.5
19.1
2001
37.96
20.3
21.5
15.8
12.4
3.0
6.2
7.9
3.4
15.0
14.5
11.9
38.0
2002
14.37
20.3
17.8
7.1
11.9
4.2
9.1
9.6
12.9
27.3
21.6
10.0
27.3
2003
8.3
30.2
28.5
23.5
6.0
0.0
0.7
10.2
6.1
3.9
23.5
15.0
30.2
2004
7.6
23.6
11.6
7.6
5.9
3.7
9.4
10.4
8.8
9.6
12.0
25.5
25.5
2005
23.3
15.9
19.4
18.6
7.3
0.0
2.9
8.4
8.2
19.6
17.8
27.3
27.3
2006
26
25.5
23.1
8.6
0.0
5.5
0.0
20.0
3.5
18.0
13.0
14.0
26.0
2007
17.5
22.0
20.6
3.8
3.6
0.0
1.3
0.0
2.0
11.9
6.4
15.2
22.0
: CHIARA
DISTRITO
ALTITUD
: 3400 msnm
CODIGO
: 009
PROVINCIA
: HUAMANGA
LATITUD
: 1316'00"
AO
: 2009
DEPARTAMENTO
: AYACUCHO
LONGITUD
: 1312'27"
AO
MAXIMA Ppmax24h
Posicin
T(aos)
X=pp/pprom
Y=LogX
A-Z
m/(N+1)
(N+1)/m
24.4
19.1
0.100
10.000
0.9159
-0.0381
2000
19.1
22.0
0.200
5.000
0.7174
-0.1442
2001
38.0
24.4
0.300
3.333
1.4249
0.1538
2002
27.3
25.5
0.400
2.500
1.0242
0.0104
2003
30.2
26.0
0.500
2.000
1.1337
0.0545
2004
25.5
27.3
0.600
1.667
0.9572
-0.0190
2005
27.3
27.3
0.700
1.429
1.0248
0.0106
2006
26.0
30.2
0.800
1.250
0.9760
-0.0105
2007
22.0
38.0
0.900
1.111
0.8259
-0.0831
1999
9 Promedio
26.639
Promedio
S (Desv. St
5.32
S (Desv. Stan
Coef. Asim.
1.02
Coef. Asim.
-0.007
0.08
0.3824
S (Desv. Stan)
K=Z
Yestimado
PP(mm)
(ln(1/P))^1/2
*Fmla
Y=Yprom+kSy
antilog(Y)
PP=X*PPprom
0.5000
1.1774
0.0000
-0.00730
0.98333
26.20
0.2000
1.7941
0.8415
0.06310
1.15637
30.80
10
0.1000
2.1460
1.2817
0.09993
1.25873
33.53
25
0.0400
2.5373
1.7511
0.13920
1.37784
36.70
50
0.0200
2.7971
2.0542
0.16456
1.46069
38.91
75
0.0133
2.9385
2.2168
0.17816
1.50717
40.15
100
0.0100
3.0349
2.3268
0.18736
1.53944
41.01
150
0.0067
3.1656
2.4752
0.19978
1.58408
42.20
200
0.0050
3.2552
2.5762
0.20823
1.61523
43.03
300
0.0033
3.3775
2.7134
0.21971
1.65849
44.18
400
0.0025
3.4616
2.8074
0.22757
1.68878
44.99
500
0.0020
3.5255
2.8785
0.23352
1.71207
45.61
1000
0.0010
3.7169
3.0905
0.25126
1.78345
47.51
DISTRIBUCIN DE GUMBEL
T
Coef. Asim.
PP=Ppprom+k*S
PP(mm)
0.5000
-0.1642720419
25.764891814
0.2000
0.719457416
30.4679035786
10
0.1000
1.304563213
33.5817065893
25
0.0400
2.0438459386
37.5160049479
50
0.0200
2.5922880965
40.4346922201
75
0.0133
2.9110635883
42.1311445388
100
0.0100
3.1366806436
43.3318283636
150
0.0067
3.4541290795
45.0212183859
200
0.0050
3.6790867938
46.218393344
300
0.0033
3.9958786536
47.9042892144
400
0.0025
4.2205091107
49.0997225822
500
0.0020
4.3946887143
50.0266677209
1000
0.0010
4.9355236901
52.9048712608
0.3823729595
K*
(ln(1/P))^1/2
Yestimado
PP(mm)
Y=Yprom+kSy
antilog(Y)
PP=X*PPprom
0.5000
1.1774
0.0000
0.9713805926
25.8767155377
0.2000
1.7941
0.8415
-0.0634697504 -0.0126105776
0.8169124972
0.0610443789
1.1509179908
30.6594322376
0.1000
2.1460
1.2817
1.3149900659
0.1027147803
1.2668196182
33.7469485659
25
0.0400
2.5373
1.7511
1.8752971992
0.149591461
1.4112094013
37.5933640432
50
0.0200
2.7971
2.0542
2.2536256718
0.1812433569
1.5179006846
40.4355249938
75
0.0133
2.9385
2.2168
2.4620200791
0.1986781484
1.5800766253
42.0918367858
100
0.0100
3.0349
2.3268
2.6051300964
0.2106510865
1.6242433094
43.2683979897
150
0.0067
3.1656
2.4752
2.8010006042
0.2270380977
1.6867009815
44.9322148581
200
0.0050
3.2552
2.5762
2.9362804573
0.2383559448
1.731234686
46.1185531607
300
0.0033
3.3775
2.7134
3.1223258394
0.2539209616
1.7944070284
47.8014082091
400
0.0025
3.4616
2.8074
3.2513587044
0.2647161703
1.8395693726
49.0044929143
500
0.0020
3.5255
2.8785
3.3498909975
0.2729596257
1.8748202067
49.9435437993
1000
0.0010
3.7169
3.0905
3.648184763
0.2979156199
1.9857090719
52.8975246016
10
CURV AS DE PRECIPITACIONES (m m )
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
LOG NORMAL
GUMBEL
PRECIPITACION (m m )
-0.0073
26.639111
0.08
5.32
400
200
LOG NORMAL
GUMBEL
PRECIPITACION (m m )
pp
(aos)
2
25.88
30.66
10
33.75
25
37.59
50
40.44
100
43.27
200
46.12
[ ]
d
Pd =P24 h
1440
0. 25
Donde:
Pd= precipitacin total (mm)
d= duracin (min.)
P24h= precipitacin mxima en 24 horas (mm)
Lluvias Mximas (mm)
T
P mx
aos
24 horas
15
30
60
120
180
240
200
46.12
14.7
17.5
20.8
24.8
27.4
29.5
100
43.27
13.8
16.4
19.5
23.2
25.7
27.6
50
40.44
12.9
15.4
18.3
21.7
24.0
25.8
25
37.59
12.0
14.3
17.0
20.2
22.4
24.0
10
33.75
10.8
12.8
15.2
18.1
20.1
21.6
30.66
9.8
11.6
13.9
16.5
18.2
19.6
25.88
8.3
9.8
11.7
13.9
15.4
16.5
Adems:
Duracin en minutos
I=
Pd
d
Intensidades Mximas (mm/hora)
P mx
aos
24 horas
15
Duracin en minutos
200
46.12
100
43.27
50
30
60
120
180
240
0.982
1.168
1.389
1.652
1.828
1.964
0.922
1.096
1.303
1.550
1.715
1.843
40.44
0.861
1.024
1.218
1.448
1.603
1.722
25
37.59
0.801
0.952
1.132
1.347
1.490
1.601
10
33.75
0.719
0.855
1.016
1.209
1.338
1.437
30.66
0.653
0.777
0.923
1.098
1.215
1.306
25.88
0.551
0.655
0.779
0.927
1.026
1.102
A=
11 km2
Lc = 3.80 km
3800 m
C = 0.65 (Tabla)
Hmax= 4650 msnm
Hmin= 3950 msnm
CALCULOS BASICOS
Dh = 700 m
S = 0.18 %
Desnivel de la cuenca
Pendiente del cauce
Metodo de Kirpich
0. 87 L
Tc=
H
3 0 .385
Tc =
0.3556 hr
Tc=
0.3554 hr
Primer metodo
Calculo de la intensidad de lluvia para un periodo de 20 aos
Este parametro se calculo por el metodo log Normal, Gumbell, Pearson Tipo III
intensidad empirica
I = 0.80 mm/hr
Segundo metodo
Calculo de la intensidad de lluvia
Este parametro tomaremos del cuadro N 5.21 del libro MANEJO DE CUENCAS ALTOANDINAS
tomando el Tiempo de concentracion igual a la duracion y para un periodo de retorno de
20 aos
INTENSIDAD EN mm/hr
Duracion
Tiempo de Retorno
MIN
1
10
50 100
Para un periodo de retorno 20 aos tenemos
10
4.6
6.7
9.5 12.5
Del Cuadro se Obtiene
20
4.1
6.2
9.0 11.9
I=
6.2 mm/hr
30
3.6
5.9
8.3 11.0
60
3.4
5.2
7.4 10.4
Tercer metodo
Uso de la formula del Instituto Italo Latinoamericano (IILA), que desarrollaron curvas I,D,F
para diferentes regiones del Per en convenio con la UNI y el SENAMHI
Donde:
I
a
K
b
n
t
T
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Consideraciones:
REGION
Selva
Sierra
Costa
T=
b=
20 aos
0.4 horas
LOG(T)=
1.3
0.553
I = 25.736 mm/hr
C I A
3 . 6
Q =
Donde;
de Retorno (aos)
5
10
25
2.53 2.77 3.05
3.01 3.30 3.62
3.58 3.92 4.31
4.25 4.66 5.12
4.71 5.16 5.67
5.06 5.55 6.09
50
3.23
3.84
4.57
5.43
6.01
6.46
100
200
3.40 3.56
4.04 4.23
4.81 5.03
5.72 5.99
6.33 6.62
6.80 7.12
CAUDALES (M3/S)
3
2 AOS
5 AOS
10 AOS
25 AOS
50 AOS
100 AOS
200 AOS
0
15
30
60
DURACION (minutos)
120
180
240
PROYECTO:
H2 (m)
0.31
0.18
0.32
0.00
0.16
0.20
0.15
0.00
0.24
0.30
0.23
0.00
X (m)
0.95
0.85
0.70
0.92
0.85
0.75
0.95
0.92
0.82
0.97
0.92
0.72
A (parcial)
0.1473
0.1530
0.2100
0.0874
0.0680
0.1350
0.1663
0.0690
0.0984
0.2619
0.2438
0.0828
A (total)
0.5977
0.4383
0.6869
TIEMPO(SegLONG(m)
4.000
3
4.050
3
4.780
3
4.080
3
4.228
3
3. CALCULO DE LA VELOCIDAD:
AREA TOTAL(m2)
0.5743
V(m/seg) =
0.710
0.710
0.5743
m/seg
m2
Q (m/seg)=
0.4075 m3/seg.
Q (m/seg)=
407.522 lt./seg.
2.86
6.3
0.15
0.453968254
0.2662146869
0.1146083244
0.7613740046