Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
AND
CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR
ROAD BRIDGES
SECTION: III
CEMENT CONCRETE (PLAIN AND REINFORCED)
(Third Revision)
<<
IRC: 21-2000
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
AND
CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR
ROAD BRIDGES
SECTION: III
CEMENT CONCRETE (PLAIN AND REINFORCED)
(Third RevLcion)
Published by
THE INDiAN ROADS CONGRESS
Jamnagar House, Shahjahan Road,
New Deihi-liflOll
2000
Price Rs. /60/(Plus packing & postage)
<<
IRC: 21-2000
First published
October, 1966
Reprinted
First Revision
Reprinted
January, 1969
March, 1972
July, 1974
Reprinted
Reprinted
Reprinted
April, 1977
June, 1980
March, 1983
Second Revision
Reprinted
Reprinted
March, 1987
August, 1988
September, 1994 (Incorporates Amendment to Clause 304,7.1,1
Errata and Amendment Nos, I to Second
Revision)
November, 1996
December, 1997
October, 2000
Reprinted
Reprinted
Third Revision
<<
IRC: 21-2000
Page No.
Composition of Bridge Specifications & Standards
Committee
(i) to (ii)
Notations
(iii) to (v)
Clause No.
Introduction
300
Scope
301
Terminology
302
Materials
303
18
304
20
305
43
306
58
307
Footing or Bases
65
308
69
309
Box Girders
70
310
Workmanship
71
Appendix I
<<
79
IRC 21-2000
Prafulla Kumar*
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
400021
10. Dr. S.K. Thakkar
IL
M.K.Bhagwagar
12.
P.D. Wani
13.
S.A. Reddi
14.
Vijay Kumar
15. C.V.Kand
16.
17.
M.K. Mukherjee
MaheshTandon
18.
19.
AK. Hant
20.
AD. Narain
21.
V.R.Jayadas
<<
(i)
IRC: 21-2000
23.
P.K.Sarmah
24.
S.R.Tambe
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
3!.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
Guwahati-781003
Secretary, Maharashtra PWD (RaId.), 72, Pranit I. Palkar Marg,
Opp. Podar Hospital, Work, Mumbai-400025
(H.P. Jamdar) R.&B Department, Block No. 14,
The Secretary to the
Govt. of Gujarat
New Sachivalaya, 2nd Floor, Gandhinagar-382010
(D. Sree Rams Murthy), National Highways, Irrum Manril,
The Chief Engineer
(R&B)
Hydetabad-500482
The Chief Engineer(NH) (D. Guha), Public Works Department, Writera Building, Block
C, Calcutta-700001
(R.R. Sheoran), Haryana P.W.D., B&R, Sector-19 B,
The Engineer-in-Chief
Chandigarh-160019
Central Public Works Department, Nirman Shawan, New Delhi
The Director General
(Works)
The Chief Engineer
Ministry ofSurface Transport (Roads Wing), New Delhi
The Chief Engineer (R) (CC. Bhattacharya), Ministry of Surface Transport
(Roads Wing), Transport Shawan, New Delhi
S&R
Highways Research Station, 76 Sarthat Pate! Road,
The Director
Chennai-600025.
Bureau of Indian Standards, Manak Bhawan, 9, Bahadurshah
The Director & Head
Zafar Marg, New Delhi-i 10002
The Chief Engineer (NH) M.P. Public Works Department, Bhopal-461004
The Chief Engineer (NH) LIP. P,W.D., Lucknow
The Chief Engineer (NH) Punjab PWD, B&R Branch, Patiala
Ex-Officlo Members
37.
President
Indian Roads Congress
38.
Director General
(Road Development)
39.
Secretary,
Indian Roads Congress
I.
NV. Merani
2.
Dr.G.P.Saha
3.
Shitala Sharan
K.8. Rajoria
Engineer-in-Chief, Delhi, PWD,
New Delhi
Prafulla Kumar,
DG(RD) & Addi. Secretary to the Govt. of India,
Ministry of Surface Transport (Roads Wing),
Transport Bhawan, New Delhi-i 10001
S.C. Shaima,
ChiefEngineer
Ministry of Surface Transport (Roads Wing)
Transport Bhawan, New Delhi-I 10001
Corresponding Members
<<
(ii)
IRC 21-2000
NOTATIONS
Es
Ec
lo
n
4)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
As
la
R
h
V
d
=
=
13
Ag
=
=
=
307.2.4)
axial compressive force in Newtons,
<<
(iii)
IRC: 21-2000
s
=
spacing of the stirrups or bent-up bars along the length of the
member
=
permissible tensile stress in shear reinforcement
a
=
angle between the inclined stirrup or bent up bar and the axis
of the member, not less than
or (cl.307.l.4) or constant for
calculation of effective width (cl.305. 16.2) or modular ratio
(ci. 306.5.2)
Ve
equivalent shear
T
=
torsional moment
M
=
bending moment at the cross-section
=
equivalent Bending Moment due to torsion
D
=
the overall depth of the beam
=
cross-sectional area of bar forming the closed hoop
=
centre to centre distance between corner bars in the direction of
the width
d,
=
centre to cet~tredistance between corner bars in the direction of
the depth
=
equivalent shear stress
=
shear strength of the concrete
1~ =
effective span (ci. 305.4) or the unsupported length of the
compression flange (cl.305.9), or the distance between points of
zero moments (Cl. 305.15.2)
/
=
distance between centre ofsupports Clause 305.15.2 or effective
length of column (cl. 306.4.3)
1~
=
clear span
d
=
effective depth of beam or slab
b
=
effective width for compression flange
=
thickness of the web for beams (for T-beam and slab) or
thickness of the webs + width of the slab between webs (for
hollow box sections)
450
b1
=
=
c.ro
=
=
<<
(iv)
IRC: 21-2000
A,
Ao
=
=
N
W
up,
=
=
cal
o~,cal
=
=
AL
A2
=
=
<<
(v)
IRC: 21-2000
Convenor
Member-Secretary
MEMBERS
N.K. Sinha
Jose Kurien
S.G. Joglekar
P.Y. Manjure
Dr. T.N. Subba Ran
A.S.PrasadaRao
M.K. Mukhexjee
itA. Chaudhary
Dr. M.G. Tainhankar
G.R. Haridas
Shitala Sharan
D.D. Sharma
Mahesh Tandon
Director & Head, Civil Engg.,
S.A. Reddi
Bureau of Indian Standard,
Ashok K. Basa
(Vinod Kumar)
T. Viswanathan
EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS
President, IRC
DG(RD)
(K.B. Rajoria)
(Prafulla Kumar)
Secretary, IRC
(S.C. Sharma)
<<
CORRESPONDING MEMBER
P.S. Tyagi
1
IRC: 21-2000
<<
2
IRC: 21-2000
301. TERMINOLOGY
Concrete
1RC: 21-2000
301.4.
EffectIve Depth of a Beam : The distance
between the centroid of the area of tension reinforcement and
the fibre at which the compressive stress is maximum.
301.5.
Mortar : A mixture of cement, fine aggregate
and water and any admixture that may be permitted by the
competent authority.
301.6.
Cover : The thickness from the outer surface of
the concrete to the nearest surface of the reinforcement.
302. MATERIALS
302.1.
Cement
Table 1
{i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Type
Ordinary Portland Cement 33 Grade
Ordinary Portland Cement 43 Grade
Ordinary Portland Cement 53 Grade
Rapid Hardening Portland Cement
Sulphate Resistant Portland Cement
Portland Pozzolana
Cement
C onformlag to
IS: 269
IS: 8112
IS: 12269
IS: 8041
IS: 12330
IS: 1489-Part-I
<<
4
IRC: 21-2000
302.2.
Admlxtures
302.3.
Aggregates
Parts I to VIII.
302.3.2.
Coarse aggregate
IRC: 2 1-2000
Water
Water used for mixing and curing shall be clean and free
from injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalis, salts, sugar,
organic materials or other substances that may be deleterious to
concrete or steel.
IRC: 2 1-2000
tested in accordance with the requirements of IS:516.
302.4.1.3. The initial setting time of test block made with
the appropriate cement and the water proposed to be used shall
(b)
(c)
Suspended matter
<<
Tested as per
200 mg/lit.
3000 mg/lit.
400 mg/lit.
IS:3025 4~Pt.32)
2000 mg/lit.
for concrete work not
containing embedded
steel and 500 mg/lit, for
prestressedlreinforced
concrete work
2000 mg/lit.
IRC 21-2000
302.4.3.
302.5.
Reinforcement
Fe 240
specifications
JS:432 Part 1
Elastic modulus
GPa
240
200
Fe 415
Mild steel
IS:1786 Deformed
bar
415
200
Fe 500
IS:l786 Deformed
500
200
bar
Note: Wire fabrics conforming to IS: 1566
<<
IRC : 21-2000
302.6.
Concrete
Grade designation
M 15
15
M
M
M
M
20
25
30
35
20
M 40
M 45
M 50
40
M 55
55
25
30
35
45
50
<<
IRC : 21-2000
1-
9
.~
I-
..~
~.
~
-.>
~
u2rn
U ~
O~)
.,-
~U~LZ
.~J
,~
-~
Cfl
~
~
~c
LC,
~
~
o
LU
.~
)<~
~o
~2
c,~ ~
z
~
_~
LZ~
>
C)
I-J
~
~<
0u..
u_o
~-
L~3
t-
~<&~~o
Z~.
,~
o~
LZ~
C)
~p
LU
C,
~
C
C
~
L~J
~
~
~~
-~
l,~._
I.-
c.
c~:;:
Ib-.
~
LU
.L~
C)
10
..
Z~
E~.
<<
IRC : 2 1-2000
cement used
Type
Per cent
~0,l0
0.20
0.30
PSC
R.C.C. (in severe condition of exposure)
R.C.C. (in moderate condition of exposure)
and P.C.C.
302.7.
Concrete Grade
<<
M 15
M 20
M 25
M 30
M 35
M 40
M 45
M 50
M 55
M 60
Current Margin
(MPa)
10
10
11
12
12
12
13
13
14
14
11
IRC: 21-2000
(a)
Nature
(b)
(c)
compacted concrete
either of the following
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Proportion of
fine aggregate
to coarse
aggregate
(by mass)
Generally 1:2,
subject to upper
limit
<<
M20
Maximum quantity
of water per 50 kg
of cement
(Litres)
P.C.C. R.C.C.
25
-
1:1.5
and lower
limit 1:2.5
250
25
12
22
IRC : 21-2000
be as detailed in Table 7.
302.9.
Production of Concrete
IRC : 21-2000
Measurement of water
Measurement of aggregate
in each batch
Measurement of admixture
IRC : 2 1-2000
concrete is mixed. Unless otherwise agreed the first batch of
concrete through the mixer shall then contain only two-thirds of
the normal quantity of coarse aggregate. Mixing plant shall be
thoroughly cleaned before changing from one type of cement to
another.
302,9.2.
!RC: 2 1-2000
Table 8
Quantity of Concrete in Work (m3)
1-5
6-15
16-30
31-50
51 and above
Number of Samples
1
2
3
4
4 plus one additional
sample for each additionai
50 m3 or part thereof
Acceptance Criteria
(b)
IRC : 21-2000
workability for placing condition of the concrete to ensure
proper compaction. Suggested ranges of workability of concrete
measured in accordance with IS:1195 are given below
Degree of WorkabiLity
Slump (mm)
Low
25-50
Medium
50-100
High
100-150
(b)
(c)
IRC : 2 1-2000
individual sample result shall not be less than 97.5 per cent
of the specified value.
any
Concrete grade
Properties/permissible
stresses
1. Modulus of elasticity
Ec~designvalue (GPa)
MMMMMMM
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
32.5 33.5
M
50
M
55
M
60
35
36
37
2. Permissible direct
compressive stresses
(MPa)
~,
allowable
3.75
3. Permissible flexural
compressive stresses
(MPa)
allowable.
~,
Notes: (I)
(2)
may be adopted.
For design specifications of shear, bondlanchorage see Clause
304.6 and 304.7.
<<
18
303.2.
IRC : 21-2000
Permissible Tensile and Compressive Stresses
in Steel Reinforcement
303.2.1.
steel reinforcement
Pe rmissible stress
reinforcement
2
in MPa
3
Fe 240
125
Fe 415
Fe 500
combined bending
200
240
Fe 240
Fe 415
Direct compression
115
170
Fe 500
Fe 240
Fe 415
205
Tension in helical
reinforcement
95
95
Fe 500
303.3.
concrete
95
Concrete grade
M 15
M 20
M 25
M 30 and above
0.40
0.53
0.61
0.67
19
IRC: 21-2000
303.4.
For slabs, the diameter and spacing of reinforcing bar shall not
exceed 25 mm and 150 mm respectively.
(ii)
voided slab and box beams and for solid slabs in solid slab
balanced cantilever bridges the diameter and spacing of
reinforcing bar shall not exceed 32 mm and 150 mm respectively.
(iii)
20
IRC : 21-2000
procedure and in conformity with the fundamental principles of
Basis of Design
the modular ratio has the values given in Table 9 (note 1) and
(iii)
Cover
304.3.3.
<<
IRC 21-2000
304.4.
Bar Sizes
304.4.3.
304.5.
304.5.1.
Note :
<<
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
22
IRC: 21-2000
23
IRC 21-2000
304.6.2.
Anchorage length
Bonding zone I
(favourable)
Bonding zone 11
(unfavourable)
Bar grade
Fe 500
Fe 415
Fe 240
Fe 500
Fe 415
Fe 240
M 20
M 25
66
55
65
56
46
60
n =_lo/4)
M 30 M 35
M 40
and above
48
42
42
40
35
35
55
50
50
<<
IRC: 21-2000
____
o~icro.~
oc co~c~~n~a
4
Ii
_____
~OOj-~.
DIRICTION
CONCREflNO
1~300mm
BAR
IN nONDING ZONI
UNFAVOURABLE
anchorage length.
=
aI
not
Ia)
(1,10
td = ~c2 =
AJA
withcc>l/3
s
s
2
(4)
d
-
<<
AjA
id> 1, minimum
25
IRC
: 2 1-2000
Id
dl > 6
~Io~
di
24
BARS WITH END
d2
BENT UP (DOWN)
<<
HOOKS
BARS
for bars
IRC: 21-2000
with end hooks
ends
1, mm.
12
4) or 300 mm
1, mm
Whichever is greater.
4) or 150 mm
Whichever is greater,
1.ONSITUO0~KA~~
DIRECT SUPPOWF
LONOIT(~IP4A~.
SIAM
IEARiNO~
ANChORAGE
<<
OVER SEARING
INDiRECT SUPPORT
27
JRC 21-2000
(2)
(3)
The ends of curtailed bars are bent up at a very flat angle over
the anchorage length to yield a bigger cover as shown in Fig.4.
Id
A ~OR HAN
1.5
100 01.10
[4
SHIFTFORCURTAILMENTLINE
,,,,,,~j
011TH Or ~
DEThIL
a,lai>IoMin,
REDUCED ANCHORAGE LENGTH
FOR EXCESS REINFORCEMENT
AT
AT BOll
o 50 1 0
STOP
LRC : 21-2000
L~b. ji~i~cT~f
BAR NOT USED AS SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
IRC: 21-2000
CLOSING IN
.4
oil
RE INFOI~CLMENT
OF THE CONNEtTINO
SLAS
II
II ~os.iiusmuIt
oul~
CLOSING WITH
ZONE
AREA OF
THE
T-BEAMS
SLAG
IN THE
AND
continued beyond the end of the curve for at least eight times the
diameter or alternatively through an angle of at least 1800 and
continued beyond the end of the curve for at least four tines the
diameter of the bar.
304.6.6.
Splices
(1)
(2)
welded joints
IRC: 21-2000
H 3 ~
.1
CENTRES
OF SPUCES
Edge distance
Fig. 7. Longitudinal staggering and transverse distance of reinforcing
bars in the region of lap splices (dimensions in mm)
(2)
bar grade
Fe 500/4 15
Fe 240
50 per cent
25 per cent
<<
31
1RC : 2 1-2000
>
p %
25%
K=
1,4
25%
40%
~ 40% ~ 50%
>
1,6
>
18
50%
2.2
Where
the bar
axial spacing
of
ri
STiRRUP
1
a
J
<<
IRC : 2 1-2000
304.6.6.5. Welded joints may be used subject to the
following
(a)
(h)
(c)
Wclding may be carried out by metal arc welding process. Oxyacetylene welding shall not be permissible. Any other process
may be used subject to the approval of the engineer and
necessary additional requirements to ensure satisfactory joint
performance. Precautions on over heating, choice of electrode,
selection of correct current in arc welding etc., should he
strictly observed.
(d)
All bars shall be butt welded except for smaller diameter bass
with diameter of less than 20 mm which may be lap welded.
Single-V or Double-V butt joints may generally be used, For
vertical bars single bevel or double bevel butt joints may he
used,
(e)
Welded joints shall be located well away from bends and not
less than twice the bar diameter away from a bend,
(1)
(g)
<<
33
IRC: 21-2000
weld defects detected by visual inspection or dimensional
inspection shall not be accepted.
(h)
Mn
CE.
C +
Cr+Mo+V
+
Ni+Cu
+
15
IRC : 21-2000
304.7.
304.7.1.
Shear
Where
V
b
=
=
d
Note :
b,d
/3
IRC : 212000
t in
beams shall
For slabs, r shall not exceed half the value of t rflLLN given
in Table 12k
,
N/mm1
1.8
304713.
1.9
2.2
N/mm2
M35
M40 and
above
2.3
2.5
t Ut ,
~-
P
=
1ck
<<
36
ERG : 21-2000
Table 12W Permissible Shear Stress in Concrete
Permissible Shear Siress in Concrete, t N/mm2
Grade of Concrete
M20
M25
M30
M35
M40
(1)
(2)
(3)
~4)
(5)
(6)
0.15
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.25
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0,50
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.32
0... 75
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.38
1.00
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.42
1.25
0,42
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.46
1 .50
0.. 45
t).46
0.48
0.49
0.49
1.75
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.52
0.52
2..00
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.54
0.55
2.25
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.57
2.50
0.51
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.60
2.75
0.51
056
0.58
0.60
0.62
3, on and above
0.5 I
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.63
Nute~, A is that area of longitudinal tension reinforcement which
continues at least one effective depth beyond the section being
considered except at supports where the full area of tension
reinforcement may be used provided the detailing conforms to
Clause 304.6.
100 A
lxi
..
300 or 275
more
250
225
200
175
150 or
less
1,00
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.05
<<
37
IRC: 21-2000
a)
Vertical stirrups,
b)
c)
Inclined stirrups
vs
A
Where
44
--
<<
38
IRC: 2 1-2000
0.4
.:::...........
b.s
415 MPa
0.87 1
Torsion
mc : 21-2000
of actual bending moment and torsion; similarly web
reinforcement is determined for a fictitious shear which is a
=
=
-
equivaLent shear,
shear,
torsional moment, and
breadthofbeam
40
21-2000
longitudinal and transverse reinforcement shall be provided in
accordance with 304.7.2.4.
IRC
torsion
304.7.2.4. i. Reinforcement for torsion, when required
shall consist of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement.
304.7.2.4.2. Longitudinal reinforcement The longitudinal
reinforcement shall be designed to resist an equivalent bending
moment, Ml, given by
Ml= M + M
e
Where
Al
Al
bending
moment
T(1+Dfb)
-
1.7
1)
T.s
V.s
--
--
<<
41
IRC 212000
the total transverse reinforcement shall not he less than
(re
Where
r~)b.s
:.::::
V
4,
torsional moment
shear force
cross sectional area of bar forming the closed hoop
spacing of the stirrup reinforcement
centre to centre distance between corner bars in the
Zr
r
r
in the
:::..:
Table
or 300 mm.
(h)
<<
42
IRC :21-2000
304.8.
Moment of inertia
(ii)
(iii)
the compression
area of the
reinforcement, on
the basis
the
(ii)
Thermal expansion
For reinforced concrete
Shrinkage
2 x lO~
305.1.
For bridges having beam and slab type of
super-structure the number of longitudinals shall not be less than
<<
43
1W : 21-2000
305.2.
The minimum thickness of the deck slab
including that at the tip of the cantilever shall be 200 mm.
However, reduction in the thickness of the slab upto a maximum
of so mm may be permitted at the cantilever tip subject to
satisfactory detailing. The thickness of the webs shall not be less
than 250 mm.
305.3.
Cross girder monolithic with the deck slab shall
be provided at the bearings. Intermediate cross-girders shall be
provided depending on design requirements. The thickness of
the cross girders shall not be less than the minimum web
thickness of the main longitudinal girder. The depth of the cross
girders at bearings shall be suitably adjusted to allow access fix
proper inspection of bearings and to ficilitate positioning of
jacks for future lifting up of the super-structure.
305.4.
Effective Span
Where 1
44
!RC: 21-2000
3055.
Effective Depth
305.5. 1
The effective depth of a beam or slab shall be
the depth from edge of the compressimi section to the centroid
TAN~
Fig. 9.
~f3
the
member lying below or above a plane which makes a slope of
I :3 with the horizontal shall be considered as adding to the
effective depth.
<<
45
portion
of
IRC 21-2000
305.6
(ii) Slabs
When the designed percentage of
reinforcement in the compression face of a slab exceeds 1 per
cent, links of atleast 6 nini or one quarter the size of the largest
compress ion bar should he provided for a depth of 200 mm
through the thickness of the slab.. If the thickness of the slab is.
insufficient to accomniodate then it should be tied with the
tension bar. The spacing of these links should not exceed twice
the member thickness in either of the two principal directions, of
the member or 400 mn-i and in the direction of the compression
Curtailment of Bars
[RC 2 I 2000
IRC 212000
305.11.
Beams
The dispersion of the live load along the span length
through the wearing coat. deck slab and filling shall not he
considered.
305.12.
Beams
305.. 12. 1. When longitudinal beams are connected together
by transverse members like deck slab, cross girders, diaphragms
(d)
(iii)
1RC: 2 1-2000
(b)
(ii)
For loads more than 5.5 metres away from either supports
305.13.
IRC 21-2000
1/5 / (1-beams)
1/10 1 (L-beams)
b,
bw
Fig.
<<
50
10
~4bw
IRC
21-2000
beanis over supports, the flange thickness shall not be less than
onehalf the width of tlie web and a total flange width not more
than four times the width of the web. For effective stress
transfer, it is desirable to splay the junction of the web and the
flange so as to form an angle of not less than 110,as shown in
Fig. 10.
305.15,4. Where the principal reinforcement in a slab
which is considered as the flange of a T-beam or Lbeam ~s
parallel to the i:eam, transverse reinforcement shall he provided
at the top of the flange. This reinforcement shall he equal to
st ~ty per cent of the main reinforcement of the slab at its mid
~:J4
.1
1~
-~
V
<<
Fig. 11
51
1 RC 212000
305.16.
(I)
Whcrc
I
<<
52
IRC :21-2000
Provided that the effective width shall not exceed the
actual width of the slab. And provided further that in ease of a
load near the unsupported edge of a slab, the effective v~idth
shall i~iolcxcced the aho~e value nor half the above value plus
the distance of the load ironi the unsupported edge.
a (or sunph
supported
slat,
0.40
0.80
1.16
1.48
1.72
1.96
2.12
2.24
236
2.48
-~
I,
0.1
0 2
0.3
(4
(5
1(6
07
(1.8
0.0
1.0
a for
continuous
slab
0.40
0.80
1.16
1.44
1.68
1.84
1.96
2.08
2.16
2.24
260
1.2
2.64
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.72
2.80
2.84
1.6
2,88
1.7
1.8
1.9
2 &
above
2.92
2.96
3.00
3.00
2.28
2.36
2.40
2.48
2.48
2.52
2.56
2.60
2.60
2.60
ii)
(iii)
<<
53
I RC : 21 2000
(2)
Solid slab cantilever
(i)
Where
5,
a:?
=
I.2a
the
the
the
the
the
<<
54
[FtC:2 1-2000
]he effective width shall depend on the ratio of the transverse
and longitudinal flexural rigidities of the slat,. When this ratio
is one, that is when the transverse and longitudinal flexural
rigidities aie approximately equal, the value of effective width
as found for solid slal,s may le used. But as the ratio decreases,
a proportionately smaller value shall he taken.
IRC : 21-2000
be adjusted according to the resisting moment of the 300 mm
56
IRC : 21-2000
the. bottom of the slab.. For cantilever slabs the distribution steel
shall be calculated on the basis of 0.3 times the live load
moment pius 0.2 times th.c dead toad moment and for portions
(ii)
any
IRC :21-2000
306.1. Classification
Columns can be classified under the following three
categories
U)
(ii)
(iii)
58
IRC : 21-2000
Table 13. Effective Column Length
Type of column
0.75 1
or both ends
1,1)
(2.)
:3
2 /
1.75 /
Where / is the length of piers between surfhc es of restraint. For ah utrncnts the
condit~on.s( 1) and (2) will generally apply.
IRC: 21-2000
IRC: 2 1-2000
of lateral reinforcement calculated on the basis of diameter and
maximum pitch given by Clauses 306.. 3.2 and 306.3.3
rt~spectivcly,shall not be reduced.
306.3.5. in case of helical reinfbrcement intended for the
increased load capacity as per Clause 306.5.2, the heiica.1
reinforcement shall in addition to Clauses 306.3.2, 306.3.3 and
306.3.4 s.atis.fy the following requirements
fi)
(ii)
306.4.
+~j~4
C
Where
cro
=:
&C
the
permissible stress in direct compression for the
longitudinal steel as given in Clause 303.2,
=
A,
IRC 21-2000
whichever is greater
N
Where
ito
rr
a oil o
2 a ~r.A 95
the cros:s-scctional area of concrete in the column core,
excluding the area of longitudinal steel,
=
SC
44 .5 -f
column), and
Tension in helical reinforcement
C:
..:;;.;
c.
Note
<<
62
IRC: 2 1-2000
Design of Sections for Combined Axial Load
and Bending
306.5.
306.5.i.
Direct stTess
fi)
(ii)
ccAs
2.cx.14sp
cx. A
.4,!
(1)
Bending stress
.L9:M
is
<<
:4.!
Dl0111011
63
1RC 2 1-2000
fv
in
by
IV!
ii
Where
0)
Where
C,, cal
+
CC
c~o,cal
GO
C:;
ci,, cal
(ii)
IRC 21-2000
Where no
C;
~~,:
IRC 21-2000
307.2.
Desigit of Footing
307.2,1.
entire area on one side of the section. The critical section for
bending in the bases shall be taken at the face of the column or
ssal 1.
307.2.2.
Shear
(a)
(h)
307.2.3.
Bond The. critical section for checking the
loc..al bond stress shall he taken to be the same. section. a.s given
~n Claw:e 307.2. 1 and also all other vertical planes where abrupt
.changc.:s in section o~cc.ur.
:107.2.4
Tensile. reinforcement
The reinforcement
provided to resist the bendtng moments determined in Clause
307,2, 1 shall be. distributed uniformly across the full width of
the section except that in rectangular footing.s for columns or
p~edcslais,the rcinfbrccment parallel to the short edge shall he
more closely spaced near the column or pedestal in a band
width, equal to the short side of the [doting. The reinforcement
irt
<<band width shall be as given below
66
JRC: 2 1-2000
(13
Where 13 is the ratio of the long side to the short side ~of
thc
fboting.
:307.2.5.
307.2.5.1. General
The pile caps shall he designed
either by tnr..:s analogy or by bending theory.
307.2.5.2. Design by truss analogy The thickness of pile
cap shall he so propot-tioned to act as sti if m ember. The
minimum thiclc.ness of cap shall he 0.5 times. the spacing oi the
Ic where there are two rows of piles.
The truss should he a triangular form with a nodt:~at the
centre of loaded area. The lower node of the truss lie at the
intersection of the centre line, of the pile.s with the tension
reinforcement. When the truss method issued with widely
spaced piles (spacing exceeding three times the pile diameter)
only the reinforcement with in 1.. 5 times the. pile diameter from
the centre of a pile shall he considered to constitute a tension
nurnher..
Eighty pc~r cent of the total reinforcement shall he
c.oncentrale,d in s.trip...s linking the pile h.ead.s and the remainder
uniformly distributed throughout the. pile cap.
No check ibm shear is required to be carried out in case pile
caps are designed by truss analogy.
307.2.5.3. Design by bending theory
The bending
moment at any section of the cap for a reinforced concre.te
67
IRC :21-2000
section for bending in the cap shall be taken at the face of the
column or ~vaIi
3O7.2.5~4. Check for shear
The critical section for
checking shcar shall be taken at a distance of effective depth
(corn the face of the column or wall for caps acting in one
d~rccttonand at a dtstance of half the effective depth for caps
acting in two directions,
Shear on any section for a pile cap shall be in accordance
with the following
(a)
(is)
(c)
1O7~2~5.5.
Check for punching shear The punching
shear shall hc~checked both around the column and the pile on
a perimeter, as shown in Fig. 12.
i)i9n~etc~rof
Ther or PUc
Thkkiess of (up
Brcuctth of Nor
<<
68
IRC: 2 1-2000
j71
CONTINUOUS
CONSTRUCTION
308. 1.
Moments
308.2.
ArticuLations
:308.2. I
The design of hearings at articulations: shall
ensure that concentrated edge stresses will not he induced and
the, angular rotation of the cantilevers and the suspended span is
Possible iv ithout any damage to the articulation.
,
<<
69
IRC : 21-2000
At
c~i(VAih
_I_,__
In
Lfl*M~
Fig. l3~h)~.
Articulation (general shape and arrangement)
309. BOX GIRDERS
<<
70
IRC: 21-2000
309,3. Reinforcement of Soffit Slab
Minimum reinforcement of 0.5 per cent of the flange
section for Fe 240 grade bar or 0.30 per cent of the flange
section for Fe 500/415 grade bars shall be placed in transverse
direction distributed equally over both surfaces. Bar spacing
shall not exceed 300 rnn~.These bars shall be bent up into the
exterior girder stems at least ten times the bar diameter. In the
longitudinal direction, the longitudinal steel needed from stress
consideration may be distributed equally between the top and
the bottom surfaces and also it must be ensured that each surface
has atleast the minimum reinforcement specified in Clause
305.10.
309.4. Reinforcement in the top flange in a direction
transverse to the girders shall extend to the exterior face of all
outside girders, and a minimum of one-third of such reinforcement
s.hall either be anchored with 90bends or extended beyond the
girder face a sufficient distance to develop the strength of the
bar in bond provided the flange projects beyond the girders face
a sufficient distance to provide this bond length.
309.5. The minimum clear height inside the box girders
shall be 1.5 m to facilitate inspection.
WORKMANS1.IP
Concrete
310.
310.1.
IRCH 2 1-2000
Mixing Concrete
Transporting Concrete
72
IRC 2 1-2000
mix and the placing and compaction of concrete in final position
shall not exceed 30 minutes or the initial setting time of the
cement whichever is less, excepting in the case where retarders
are used.
3 10.4.2. When concrete. is conveyed by chute, the plant
shall he of such size and design as to ensure practically
continuous flow in the chute. The slope of the chute shall he
such. as to aIlow the concrete to flow without the use of an
cxc.essive quantity of water and without segregation of the
ingredients. The delivery end of the chute shall be as close as
possible to the point of deposit. The chute shall be thoroughly
flushed with water before and after each working period and the
water used for this purpose discharged outside the foniiwork.
310.5.
LRC: 21-2000
together shall be used. When internal vibrators are used they
shall be inserted vertically to the flu depth of the layer being
placed and ordinarily shall penetrate the layer below for a few
centimetres. The vibrator should be kept in place until air
bubbles cease escaping from the surface and then withdrawn
slowly to ensure that no hole is left in the concrete, care being
taken to see that it remains in continued operation while being
withdrawn.
The internal vibrators shall be inserted in an orderly
manner and the distance between insertions should be about i~
times the radius of the area visibly affected by vibration.
310.5.3.
Construction Joints
IRC : 2 1-2000
1RC
21-2000
310.8.
Steel Reinforcement
310.9.1
Bending : Reinforcement shr.ll not he. bent or
straightened in a manner that will injure the material. All
reinforcenient shall be bent cold.
.
76
IRC: 2 1-2000
Falsework
77
LRC :21-2000
Tests
<<
78
IRC: 21-2000
Appendix /
(303~4~2)
DESIGN SURFACE CRACK WIDTH
AA. The design crack width may be calculated from the
following equation
Design surface crack width
3acr ~m
1+ 2(2~. Crn~r,)
(hx)
Where
c~
to
bar;
=
[12kh(ax)]l0~~
A,i~hx)f,~
Where
b
1
<<
79
mc 21-2000
A negative, value of indicates that the section is
uncracked. In assessing the stra.ins the modulus of elasticity of
the concrete should be taken as half the instantaneous value.
A.2. Permissible crack width: The crack width under
sustained loads shall not exceed 0.2 mm for severe conditions of
exposure and 0.3 mm for moderate condition of exposure. The
conditions of exposure are gi ~enin Table 4 and the sustained
loads niay be taken as dead load pius 50 per cent of live load.
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80