ETHICAL TOURISM

LB56
Amanda Glennys M.D

1801407360

Erick Wesley Stevanus

1801451443

CONTENTS

Prologue.03
Ethical Tourism: Child Sex Tourism
Introduction04
Main Topic.........06
Conclusion.08
Bibliography..09

PROLOGUE

Thanks to Almighty God who has given His bless to us for finishing the Philosophy of
Tourism, Law and Ethic paper entitled Ethical Tourism. We also wish to express our deep
and sincere gratitude for those who guided us to completing this paper. And thanks to Mrs.
Dr. Vitria Ariani A. Par, PG. Dipl, M.Sc as the lecturer that always teaches us and give much
knowledge about The Philosophy of Tourism, Law and Ethic.
This Philosophy of Tourism, Law and Ethic paper contains some factor of child sex tourism,
the summary of Marianna Brungs journal about child sex tourism, the main case of child sex
tourism, and our conclusion.
We hope, our paper can be useful for us and the readers. Critics and suggestion is needed here
to make this assignment be better. Were sorry if there is some mistakes in this assignment.
Thank you.

A. Introduction

Based on

Marianna Brungs, "Abolishing Child Sex Tourism: Australia's

Contribution" [2002] AUJlHRights 17; (2002) 8(2) Australian Journal of Human

Rights 101, child sex tourism is a serious problem in many less developed
countries, particularly in the Asia Pacific region. The child sex industry earns
large amounts of money for these countries, one of several reasons that laws
prohibiting it are poorly enforced. Determining the number of children involved
in commercial sexual exploitation is difficult, due to the clandestine nature of the
industry. Estimates vary widely, but UNICEF believes that there may be up to one
million prostituted children (under 18 years) throughout Asia alone.
Child sex tourism happens because of the low education levels and illiteracy
constrain employment opportunities and economic choices. Many families are
often forced to migrate to the urban centers, where they face homelessness and
unemployment. In extreme poverty, child prostitution may be the only source of
income for a homeless street child or a family trapped in debt.
Another instrumental factor in child sex tourism is gender discrimination.
Although young boys are sexually exploited, prostituted children are
predominantly girls aged between 10 and 18 years The vulnerability of girl
children to commercial sexual exploitation relates to the persistent gender
inequalities within many of the receiving countries. With only a restricted
income, families in Asian communities often prioritize the education of boys and
heightening the risk of involvement in prostitution for girls.
The other factor of child sex tourism is the rapid advances in technology,
primarily the development of the Internet, have also created considerable demand
for child sex tourism. The Internet facilitates communication between practicing
and potential child sex tourists. Information about cities and establishments where
prostituted children are available can be accessed, quickly, cheaply and
anonymously.
Recently, there has also been an increase in demand for prostituted children as a
form of safe sex, especially in the wake of the HIVAIDS crisis in the Asia
Pacific region. Younger sex partners are perceived as being less likely to have
1 http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AJHR/2002/17.html
4

contracted HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases. In actual fact, due to their
physiological immaturity, younger children are more vulnerable to HIV infection
and suffer a high rate of HIV infection and AIDS. A lack of effective law
enforcement is a key factor in both the supply and demand for prostituted
children. If the risk of prosecution is minimal, it is unlikely that child sex tourists
will fear being held responsible for their actions.

We are agreed with this journal, why? Because it is not appropriate for children
under the age to be commercially traded, rights of children must be fought by the
parents because education should not recognize gender and government must
give severe penalties for the activity of the sex industry. We also agreed, the
solutions that can be overcome in the child trafficking by providing education to
children and parents about the dangers of HIV infection. Governments can also
empower children who lack education by providing insight on the child, that there
are many potential jobs surrounding environment that can they develop.

B. Ethical Tourism: Sex Child Tourism

There is a lot of issues about child sex tourism, and our group choose one of the
issues of child sex tourism in Bali. This the news from Tempo interactive:
Tempo interactive, Jakarta: In fact that there are still cases pedophilia in Bali a
serious threat that could make bankrupt tourism industry this area. How much
better indicated by the cases already had been part of sex tourism industry child.
We do not want to bankrupt Bali because identical with sex tourism especially
involving children, as Phuket in Thailand said Prof Irwanto PhD, chairman of
national coalition the removal of sexual exploitation against children, on
Wednesday (18/3) and the sidelines of the conference southeast Asia for tackling
sex tourism child. In 2003 he said that Megawati as president has introduced the
status of zero tolerance' for Bali and Batam of the exploitation of children. The
reality is that there are still many problems in Bali that related to the existence of
seasonal pedophilia that. He stated that tourism allowed to being the economic
sector eminent; but should be accompanied by affirmation, not for sex tourism
child.
The vulnerability for Bali as the targets of the pedophilia, according to him,
because customs that allows marriage at a young age. In fact, in line with article
287 KUHP , one who have sex with children under age of 15 threatened with the
utmost extent of 15 years in prison. Unfortunately, in the field of this article to be
less effective because the police can only act if there are those who were cheated
and make an official report. Poverty factors also open an opportunity for their
action that. They come to the villages as social worker, teachers, or various
6

professions other distinguished. Some also have deliberately raised domestic

workers from the children to take care of his house but then exploited sexually.
Here a stranger is very straightforward rent a house without any supervision, he
said. `
He stressed, the role of local residents in the chain of exploitation it must also pay
attention. They generally played a role as guiding the road or even as marketers
for that stranger. Their involvement and also the victims also because of stimuli
life style. In response to that efforts to combat child sex tourism, head of Bali
Tourism board I Gusti Ngurah Wijaya give support fully. This international
problems and not just our problem in Bali he said. According to him, very
powerful network needed to prevent the arrival in Bali pedophilia can be
prevented and that already in existence can be handled.
(http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2009/03/18/058165324/KasusPaedofil-Ancam-Bangkrutkan-Pariwisata-Bali )

Base on this case study, child sex tourism happens due to poverty that occurs in
that area, like Marianna Brungs in her journal "Abolishing Child Sex Tourism:
Australia's Contribution said that child sex tourism happens because of the low
education levels and illiteracy constrain employment opportunities and economic
choices. And thats means Marianna Brungs journal was right, and were agreed
to her journal.
Then, in our opinion from the case child sex tourism in Bali, the role of
government is urgently needed. Even, in line with article 287 KUHP which reads
one who have sex with children under age of 15 threatened with the utmost
extent of 15 years in prison, already organize the legal, but government still had
to watching closely and do decisive actions.
Child sex tourism should be banned. Tourism is allowed to be the economic
sector eminent, but tourism should not for child sex tourism. The government
must do real actions to stop child sex tourism, for example government can
conducts raid in child sex tourism prone areas. Or we can give counseling to
7

residents about the danger of child sex tourism, such as HIVAIDS. Because in
actual fact, due to their physiological immaturity, younger children are more
vulnerable to HIV infection and suffer a high rate of HIV infection and AIDS.
Besides, child sex was very dangerous for tourism, with the HIV-AIDS crisis, the
tourism in that place will destroy. Because
tourist will afraid to come to that place because the diseases.
Our other opinion, sex tourism could be reduced with the support of the local
government, and we can develop tourism in the respective region or create
different innovations to attract more visitors and to the field creates a reasonable
job for the surrounding community.

C. Conclusion
Based on Marianna Brungs journal, child sex tourism happen because some
factors. First, the low education levels and illiteracy constrain employment
opportunities and economic choices. Second, the rapid advances in technology
that make people obtain the information about cities and establishments where
prostituted children are available can be accessed, quickly, cheaply and
anonymously. Then, the gender discrimination, with only a restricted income,
families in Asian communities often prioritize the education of boys and
heightening the risk of involvement in prostitution for girls.
The effect of child sex tourism is the wake of the HIVAIDS crisis in the Asia
Pacific region, because due to their physiological immaturity, younger children
are more vulnerable to HIV infection and suffer a high rate of HIV infection and
AIDS.
Because of that reason we have to protect childrens rights, let the children study
and have a good education.
Besides, child sex was very dangerous for tourism, child sex tourism should be
banned. With the HIV-AIDS crisis, the tourism in that place will destroy. Because
tourist will afraid to come to that place because the diseases.
So, as a hospitality person we have to keep develop tourism in our country, we
have to prevent the destruction of tourism, and we have to stop the child sex
tourism.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brungs, Marianna. 2002. "Abolishing Child Sex Tourism: Australia's Contribution" [2002]
AUJlHRights 17; (2002) 8(2) Australian Journal of Human Rights 101,
http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AJHR/2002/17.html, (diakses 23 Maret 2015)
Tempo. 2009. Kasus Paedofil Ancam Bangkrutkan Pariwisata Bali,
http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2009/03/18/058165324/Kasus-Paedofil-AncamBangkrutkan-Pariwisata-Bali, (diakses 23 Maret 2015)