Glossary of Buddhism's Basic Concepts

Hermetica.
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CravingandAversionasAddictionandDenial:
Buddha'sEightfoldPathasaStepProgram
Note:thisbookholdsacomprehensivenarrativesurveyoftheteachings
ofTheravadaBuddhismitisnotsimplyaboutaddictionandrecovery.
ABibliographyofBuddhism(andRecovery)
BuddhismStudyLinks,
withAddictionandRecoveryResources
AnOutlineoftheBuddhasTeachings
AndGlossaryofBuddhismsBasicConcepts
bradfordhatcher,2013,Rev.52113
This outline is organized around doctrines from the Theravada branch of Buddhism. This branch is more
textually, ethically and philosophically conservative than the other three schools (Mahayana, Vajrayana and
Chan/Zen). And it's more challenging intellectually. This web page is intended to serve as a comprehensive
introductory outline, or crib sheet, and as an organized glossary. Pali is the lingua franca of Theravada, as
SanskritisoftheMahayanaschools.IhavegiventheSanskritequivalentstothePaliwhereverIcouldfindthem,
butlacktheresourcestobethoroughhere.Iwelcomecontributionstothisongoingeffort.Throughout,thePali
willbegiveninboldtype,andtheSanskrit,whereIhaveany,initalics,thus:
PaliDhamma,DharmaSanskrit
I have tried to give a range of glosses for each of the concepts, rather than a single definition or word
substitution. This should give a fuller or more rounded understanding of the terms than translations permit. It
should also make searching for terms easier, for those who only have English translations. Many of the terms
occurmultipletimeshere,forwhichthe"find"commandonyourbrowserwillproveuseful.
Several major aspects of the doctrine as found in the Tipitaka or classical Buddhist scriptures are being
intentionallyleftout.Forexample,Idon'tseemuchuseforthemultitudeofheavensandhells,andthedevasand
asuras, their appeal to the Jungian mythologists notwithstanding. Lists like "the thirtytwo marks of the great
man" did not make any sense here. Neither have I included many of the flowery and hyperbolic terms for the
ultimatementalstatesandmeditativeachievements.InshortIhavetriedtostriptheglamoroff.
MostofthemajorheadingsandcategoriesandmanyoftheindividualitemshavetheirownWikipediapages,
whichwilloftenpointtootherresources,expandfurtheronthesubjectandshedfurtherlightonthetopicsfrom
the Mahayana, Vajrayana and Chan points of view. I have provided links to many of these pages just click
(Wiki) (Outline of Buddhism). And sometimes there is a second page (Wiki) (Glossary of Buddhism) and
sometimes there is a link to somewhere else (More) (Buddhist Publication Society free downloads). Certain
referencessuchasDN3refertothePaliCanon,theTheravadaBuddhistscriptures.Mostofthesescripturesare
availableonlineatnocost,seeBibliographyandLinks.
Skipaheadto:
ITheFourNobleTruths
IITheNobleEightfoldPath
IIIValueNeutralEnumeratedFactors
IVKusalaWholesomePracticesandStatesofMind
VAkusalaUnwholesomeProcessesandStatesofMind
VIGlossaryofTermsinCategories
VIIGlossaryofMiscellaneousTerms
VIIIFinalWords
UseBackButtontoreturn
I.TheFourNobleTruths
AriyaSacca,AryaSatyacattariariyasaccani,catvariaryasatyani(Wiki)
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1.DukkheNanam,Knowledgeofsuffering.Themostpressingfactofexistence,inaword,isDukkha,
Duhkha,unsatisfactoriness,imperfection,inabilitytosatisfy,frustration,vulnerability,unease,stress,pain,
hardship,discomfort,whatishardtoendure,usuallyrenderedassuffering.(Wiki)
Inthreewords,theThreeMarksorCharacteristicsofExistence:Tilakkhana,Trilakshana,thethreecommon
characteristicsofcompoundthings.(Wiki)
Anicca,Anitya,impermanence,transitoriness,inconstancy,transience,conditionedness,ephemerality,panta
rhei.Allthingspass.Nothingisperfectoreverlasting.Whateveryouwanttohavelastforeveriscertainto
disappoint."Whateverthingshaveanoriginmustcometocessation"DN3.(Wiki)
Dukkha,Duhka,unsatisfactoriness,frustration,sufferingtheinsurmountableincompletenessofexistence.
Happinessasasymptote.Pursuithasends,butnoend.Toseekthepleasantandavoidtheunpleasantisthenature
oflifebutadoomedendeavor,unlessasolutioncanbefoundonalevelabovetheproblem.(Wiki)
Anatta,Anatman,noself,norealorlastingidentity,noinnercore,nosoul,nospirit,insubstantiality,non
independence,theutterandcompleteimpersonalityofexistence.Whatappearstobeselfisacompoundedthing,
ormorecorrectly,aprocess.Ithasaconventionalreality,notasubstantiveone.Thereisnodoerapartfrom
thingsgettingdone,nothinkerthinking.(Wiki)
Sammasanananaistheexplorationandcontemplationofindividualphenomenaintermsofthesethreemarks.
SeetheThreeLiberationsorGates(Vimokkha,Vimoksha)below.Signlessness(animitta)desirelessness
(appanihita)andemptiness(sunnata)aredoorsthroughthesethreedifficulties.
TheFiveAggregates(Pancakhandas,PancaSkandhas)aregroupsoffactorscomprisingtheperceived
individualidentityoflivingbeings.CollectivelythefivearealsocalledtheExistingPerson(Sakkaya)orbody,
thecurrentassemblageoridentity,theshiftingcomponentsofthesenseofself.Theyarealsocalledthefive
aggregatesaffectedbyclinging,graspingorholding(pancaupadanakkhandha).Thesearethepartsofour
empiricalpersonalities.(Wiki)
Rupa,Rupa,matter,materialqualities,physicalform,shape,corporeality,whatmakesphenomenasensible,the
basisforfiguregroundperception,boundarieswherequalitieschange(Wiki).Rupaisconstitutedfromthefour
elements.(Wiki)
Vedana,Vedana,sensation,feeling,reception,sensereactiontocontact.Largelyunderstoodintermsof
pleasantness(sukha,sukha),unpleasantness(dukkha,duhka),orneutrality,neitherpainfulnorpleasant
(adukkhamasukha).Thisisthebeginningofwantingmoreandwantingless.(Wiki)
Sanna,Samjna,perception,conception,label,allusiondiscerning,interpretationorrecognitionactofmemory
orrecognition,assimilationofexperience,whatgetsremembered,matchingmentaltosensibleboundaries,
"distinguishingathingbyitsmarks"SN22.79.Thesearediscussedinsixclasses,bysenseorgan,including
mind.(Wiki)
Sankhara,Samskara,mentalformations,coefficientsofconsciousness,ideas,methods,models,determinations,
constructions,functioningofmind,discriminations,fabrications,fashionings.Conditionedphenomena.Ina
broadersense,sankharareferstoanyformation,compoundorfabrication,andsocanrefertothekhandas
themselves.Hereboundarieshavebeendrawnaroundtheperceivedandthisisplacedinacontextinfunctional
relationshipswithothers.Motivations,"thevolitional,emotiveandintellectiveaspectsofmentallife"(B.
Nanamoli).Thesetooarediscussedinsixclasses,bysense,includingmentalobjectsorformations.(Wiki)
Vinnana,Vijnana,consciousness,awareness,cognizance,cognition.Alsoinsixclasses.Unlikeinsome
religions,consciousnessisnotsomeotherworldlyorspiritualsubstrateofexistence,norisitwhatcreates
existenceItismerelyanotherprocessofexistence."Annatrapaccayanatthivinnanassasambhavo:thereisno
arisingofconsciousnesswithoutreferencetoacondition"MN38.(Wiki)
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2.Dukkhasamudayenanam.Knowledgeofsuffering'sorigin.Sufferingarisesororiginates(samudaya,
samudaya)outofanetworkofcauses,theChainofDependentorConditionedArisingorOrigination(Paticca
Samuppada,PratiyaSamutpada).Thischainisfrequentlyrepresentedbytheeighthlinkinthechain,Desire,
CravingorThirst(Tanha,Trisna),selfishmotivesoftheillusoryself(Atta,Atman)thatleadtoendless
becomingorjourneying(samsara,samsara).
Tanhaisthestandardrepresentativeforthesecondtruthand,usedbroadly,encompassesbothcravingand
aversion,wantingwhatisnottobeandwantingwhatistonotbe.WheretworepresentativesfromtheChainare
used,theseareusuallyavijjaandtanha.(Wiki)
Kamatanha,Thereiscravingforsensualpleasureandenjoymentofsenseobjects,eros
Bhavatanha,Andcravingforbeing,continuedexistence,tobeandbemore,foralleternity,ontos
Vibhavatanha,Andcravingnottobe,fornonbeing,extermination,extinction,fugue,denial,aversion,tobe
separatedfrompainandunpleasantness,thanatos
ChandaisanotherPaliwordfordesireorzeal,butoftenthiscarriesthemeaningofwantforhigherandmore
wholesomestates.
SufferingisconditionedbythethreeUnwholesomeRoots(Akusalamulas,Akushalamula)ortheThree
Poisons(Tivisa,Trivisa).Thesethreearealsocalledthemakersofmeasurement(pamanakarana)perhaps
becausetheydividetheworldintopiecesforapportionment.Wiseattention(yonisomanasikara)isrequiredto
cutofftheseroots.(Wiki)
Lobha,Lobha,orRaga,Raga,craving,covetousness,thirst,desire,passion,lust,greed,attachment,unskillful
desire,selfcentereddesireformore.Ragaisclosertosimplepassion(thatcomplicatesthings).Thistermismore
commoninMahayana.(Wiki)
Dosa,Dvesha,aversion,hatred,anger,aggression,fearofgettingwhatwedon'twantornotgettingwhatwe
want,avoidance,rejection,awilltobeseparate,fromunwisecontemplationofrepulsiveobjects.Coversawide
rangeofhostilefeelings.Synonymsvyapadaandpatigha.(Wiki)
Moha,Moha,delusion,mentaldullnessordarkness,infatuation,stupidity,bewilderment,confusion,ignorance,
folly,sentimentality.(Wiki)
Withonlyoneitemchanged,sufferingisalsosaidtoariseoutofthreeDefilements(Kilesas,Kleshas),
impurities,inclinationstoviceexpandedinotherplacestoten(Wiki)
Avijja,Avidya,ignorance,nescience,unawareness,notknowing,blindness,delusion,misunderstanding.
Ignoranceisthefirstinthechainofcausationandthelastofthefetters.(Wiki)
Lobha,Lobha,orRaga,Raga,craving,thirst,desire,passion,lust,greed,attachment,unskillfuldesire,self
centereddesireformore
rangeofhostilefeelings.Synonymsvyapadaandpatigha.
ConditionedorDependentArising(Paticcasamuppada,Pratiyasamutpada).(Wiki)and(Wiki).Onething
leadstoanotherassufferingiscreatedoutofachainoftwelveCauses(Nidanas,Nidanas),sourcesor
foundations.Thetwelvelinksbeginwithignorance.Inanotherpartofthedoctrinethechainiscontinuedbeyond
sufferingtoconditionLiberation(vimutti).SeeElevenSupportingConditionsorProximateCauses(Upanisa).
Thechainofconditionedordependentarising:
Avijja,Avidya,ignorance,nescience,unawareness,notknowing,blindness,delusion,misunderstanding.Driven
blindlyforward,subjecttobeingmadeintothisandthat.(Wiki)
Sankhara,Samskara,mentalreactions,coefficientsofconsciousness,kammaformations,determinations,
constructions,impressions,consequences,functioningofmind,discriminations,mentalactivities.Whatthepast
hasmadeandbringstothepresent.(Wiki)
Vinnana,Vijnana,consciousness,awareness,cognizance,cognition.Insixclassesaccordingtothefivesenses
andmind.Beingalertedbyirritantsandinconsistencies.Notregardedasafundamentalpropertyofexistence
evenifitiscentraltoexperience.(Wiki)
Namarupa,Namarupa,mindandbody,mentalitymateriality,bothcognitiveandphysicalsidesofindividual
existence,phenomenaasexperienced.Literallynameandform.Thisisnotthespiritvs.matterdualismfoundin
Hinduism.Theyareinterdependent.(Wiki)
Salayatana,Shadayatana,thesixsenses,asixfoldbase(ayatana)sensemedium,extents,orspheres.SeeSix
SenseBases(Sadayatana,Sadayatana)below(Wiki)
Phassa,Sparsha,contact,sensoryandmentalcontact,sensewithobjectandawareness,whatreachesus.Being
touched,moved,gottento,impressedorimpingedupon,connecting,tuningin,butpriortoourreactiontothis.
(Wiki)
Vedana,Vedana,feelingorsensationSensereactiontocontact,rawexperiencesaspositive,negativeand
neutral,notyetasarticulatedandmeaningful.Hedonictone.Thisisthebeginningofwantingmoreandwanting
less,thevalueofacceptanceorrejection.(Wiki)
Tanha,Trishna,desire,cravingorthirst,butincludingthedesiretobeseparatedfromnoxiousstimuli.The
actualwantingmoreandwantingless.(Wiki)
Upadana,Upadana,clinging,grasping,holdingorattachmentintakeoruptake,asoffuel,likeoilforalamp,
ornutriment,forgoodorill.Addingtoyourweightorgravitas.(Wiki)
Bhava,Bhava,(processof)becomingorbeingasaverb,existenceasstandingout,growthforitsownsake,
maturation(Wiki)
Jati,Jati,futurebirthorrebirth,arisigofnewlivingentties,birthfromeggs,wombs,moistureand
transformations.(Wiki)
Jaramarana,Jaramaranam,oldageanddeathagingordecay(jara),illness(byadhi)anddeath(marana),
sorrow,sullennessormentalsuffering(domanassa),lamentation(parideva),pain(dukkha),grieforsorrow
(soka)anddespair(upayasa).(Wiki)
Thechainismostreadilybrokenbetweenvedanaandtanha,unlessphassaisavoidedaltogether.
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3.Dukkhanirodhenanam.Knowledgeofsuffering'scessationoreradication.SufferingCeases(Nirodha,
Nirodha)orisextinguishednotbymorecravingandaversionbutbybreakingthechainofcausesand
extinguishingthepassionateillusionofself.Theextinctionofcraving(tanhakkhayo)isNibbanaSN3:190
(Wiki)
BuddhastrungthesefivewordsintoonesentenceaboutnirodhaSN1:39:
Nirodhacompletecessation,eradication,extinction
Cagaselflessness,relinquishment,givingupgenerosity,liberality,
Patinissaggaabandoning,relinquishment,renouncement,forsaking
Muttirelease,deliverance,escape,liberation
Analayodetachment,freedomfromdesire
Eradicationisagoodglossfornirodhasincethewordcarriestheoldwordforrootoneextinguishessuffering
herebypullingoutcausesbytheroot,orcuttingthemoffatthesource.Thisfreedom,initshighestform,is
knownasnibbana,nirvana,extinguishing,extinctionorunbinding.Thedissolution(bhanga,bhanga)ofthe
falsewillnottaketheseekertoabetterelsewhereorheavenbuttorealityasitis,inreality,yathabhuta,
yathabhutam,thecorrect,ortothehereandnow,suchness,tathata,tathata.It'salongjourneyandalotofwork
toarrivehere.Theknowledgeandvisionofthingsastheyreallyareisyathabhutananadassana.
Conditionalityisspecific(idappaccayata),this/thatconditionality.Astoarisingitself,whenthereisachainof
causes:"Whenthisexists,thatcomestobewiththearisingofthis,thatarises.Whenthisdoesnotexist,that
doesnotcometobewiththecessationofthis,thatceases."MN115.Phenomenaremainonlyaslongastheir
causesorconditionsremain.Consequentlytheymaybeundonebybreakingthechainandundoingthecauses.
JustassufferingisbroughtaboutbyachainofcausesinConditionedorDependentArising,describedabovein
theSecondNobleTruth,sotoodoesliberationhaveitsowncausalsequencesbywhichitemerges.Thereare
TwelveSupportingConditionsorProximateCauses(Upanisa),alsotermedTranscendentalDependentArising
(lokuttarapaticcasamuppada)intheNettipakarana,alaterPalitext.Thisisanelevenstepextensionofthe
chainofdependentarising,chartingstepsupwardfromsufferingtoemancipation,afurtherconditionalstructure.
SN12:23/SII29UpanisaSutta,SeealsoMN74.Thissuttahasnotreceivedtheattentionitdeserves,
particularlywithrespecttotheprogressofrecoveryfromstatesofsuffering.BhikkhuBodhihaswrittenamust
readtranslationandexpositionofthis(More).Thereisonenotabledifference,though,betweenthetwochains.In
thechainofConditionedArisingweseesufferinganditspreconditionsasemergentproperties.Inthechainof
TranscendentalArising,theendstateisanabidinginrealityasitis,thatwhichdoesnotstillhavetocometobe.
"Whatisnewunderthesun"here,theemergentquality,isthegradualawakeningtoreality,whichismarkedby
thegradualdisappearanceoftheemergentphenomenathatstoodinthewayofthis.
Dukkha,Duhkha,suffering.Someregardthisstepasasubstitutionforjaramarana,oldageanddeath.
showingtheneedforawayout.Thismaybeequivalentto"hittingbottom,"seeingwithhorrorandurgency
wherelifeuntilnowhasled(samvega)
Saddha,Sraddha,faith,convictionorconfidence,knowingthatthereisawayout.Assuch,sufferingisits
supportingcondition.Repeatedlyarisingortentativefaith(aparaparamuppajjanasaddha),tobeconfirmed.
Pamojja,Pramudita,joy,gladness,relief
Piti,Priti,exhilaration,elation,ecstasy,rapture,joy,bliss,delight,zest,refreshment,enthusiasm.Seeglossary
forfivestages.
Passaddhi,Prasada,tranquility,serenity,adetumescenceofrapture,aneedfornogreaterintensity.(Wiki)
Sukha,Sukha,happiness,pleasantness,pleasure,ease,satisfaction,happiness,blessedness,wellbeing,"the
happinessofaccess(upacara)toabsorption,"aknowingthatthesolutionstosufferingareathand
Samadhi,Samadhi,mentalconcentrationorconcentrativeabsorption.Distractionsofthehindrancesarefurther
outoftheway
Yathabhutananadassana,Yathabhutamjnanadarsana,knowledge&visionofwhatactuallyis,ofthingsas
theyare,thedevelopmentofinsight(vipassanabhavana)
Nibbida,Nirvedh,disenchantment,moresereneherethandisgust,revulsionoraversionbutoftentranslatedthis
way,moreofachoicethatthemorecommonandfamiliarstatesarenolongerworththetrouble.Knowingbetter
now,havingfoundout.Releasesthecharge,hencedischarge,leadingtodispassion
Viraga,Vairagya,dispassion,fadingofpassions,noraga,cessationofaffectivelytonedactionandreraction,
steppingintothesupramundanelife(lokuttara)
Vimutti,MuktiorVyamokh,liberation,emancipation,release.Seeliberationinglossary
Asavakkhayanana,Asravakshayajnana,knowledgeoftheendingordestructionofthedefilements,taints,
cankersorstains,thedefilementsofsensationandlust,becomingandego,falseviewandmisquidedbelief,and
ignoranceanddelusion.
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4.Dukkhanirodhagaminipatipadayananam.Knowledgeofthepathtosuffering'scessation.There
isanancientpath(puranamagga,puranamaggam)tothecessationorextinctionofsuffering.Itisknownas
theNobleEightfoldPath(AriyaAtthangikaMagga,AryaAshtangikaMarga).ItisalsocalledtheMiddleWay
(Majjimhapatipada,Madhyamapratipad)asitissaidtoliebetweentheextremesofselfmortificationand
sensualgratification,orbetweennihilism(natthikavada,ucchedaditthiorannihilationview)andeternalism
(sassataditthioreternalview).(Wiki)
II.TheNobleEightfoldPath
(AriyaAtthangikaMagga,AryaAshtangikaMarga)(Wiki)
Thereareeightbehavioralvalueshere,precededbySamma,usuallytranslated"Right."Thewordalsoconnotes
complete,coherent,perfect,ideal,skillful,optimalandwholesome.
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1.SammaDitthi,SamyagDrsti,RightView,pointofview,perspective.outlook,opinion,belief,
understanding.Attemptstokeepthelargepictureorframeofreferenceinmind,theFourNobleTruthsandthe
ephemeral,unsatisfactoryandillusorynatureoftheself(anicca,dukkha,anatta,above).Thisistoseethingsas
theyare,notastheyappear,nottoacceptordeny,nottoclingorrefuse.Thedefaultvalueofthewordditthiin
Buddhismisnegative,i.e.problematicviews.Ditthigatareferstofixedorpreestablishedviews.(Wiki)
Ofprimaryimportanceistheviewthatbeingsareresponsiblefortheirownkamma,karma(sabbesatta
kammasaka,allbeingsowntheirkarma).ThisiscalledRightviewoftheOwnershipofAction(kammassakata
sammaditthi).Simplyput,ownwhatyouhavedoneandyouownwhatyoudo.
"Beingsaretheownersoftheiractions,heirsoftheiractionstheyoriginatefromtheiractions,areboundtotheir
actions,havetheiractionsforrefuge.Itisactionthatdistinguishesbeingsasinferiorandsuperior."MN135
Thisacceptanceofresponsibilityisthefirststeptofreedom.Guidelinesforbehavioraredevelopedfurtherin
subsequentstepsonthePath.Learntoknowgoodorwholesome(kusala)kammaasitdevelopsthemindand
benefitsothers,andbadorunwholesome(akusala)kammaasitdefilesthemindandharmsothers.
Nextinimportanceandessentialtorisingabovethemostmundanecauseandeffect,isknowledgeandinsight
intotheFourNobleTruths:
Dukkhenanam,penetrativeinsightintothetruthofsuffering.
Dukkhasamudayenanam,penetrativeinsightintothetruthoftheoriginationofsuffering.
Dukkhanirodhenanam,penetrativeinsightintothetruthofthecessationofsuffering.
Dukkhanirodhagaminipatipaddyananam,penetrativeinsightintothetruthofthepathleadingtothe
cessationofsuffering.
Therearetwomoreconditionsforrightview:thevoiceofanother(paratoghosa)andwiseattention(yoniso
manasikara)MN43.
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2.SammaSankappa,SamyakSankalpa,RightIntention,thought,aim,commitment,purpose,
aspiration,mindset,plan,motiveorresolve.Thisfocusesonendeavorswhichcuresuffering,withacommitment
toethicalandmentalselfimprovement.Itisassumingahigherpurpose,orintendingtobecomeworthyofone.A
processcalledThoughtSubstitution(tadanga)replacesthenegativewiththepositive.Thisisnotthegood
intentionthattheroadtohellispavedwith:itistheintentionistoselfcorrect,notyettofixtheworld.Thereare
threeprimarypracticeshere:
Nekkhamma,Nishkama,renunciationofcravinganddesire(asdistinctfromneed),resistingthedrawofdesire
andsensuality,nokama.Thisrequiresdeep,systematicattention(yonisomanasikara)totheunwholesomeroot
ofdesire.Thisistheoppositeofandsubstitutionforsensecravingorsensepassion(kamatanhaorkamaraga).
(Wiki)
Abyapada,absenceofaversion,illwill,angerandanimosityintentionofgoodwill,resistingthedrawofanger.
Itislovingkindness(metta),togetthekammamovingintherightdirection.Metta,ofcourse,needstobegin
withselfacceptanceandselflove,thenonexistenceofselfnotwithstanding.Thisistheoppositeofand
substitutionforaversion,illwill,angerandanimosity(vyapada,patighaordosa).(Wiki)(Wiki)
Avihimsa,Ahimsa,intentionofharmlessness,resistingthedrawtoviolence,crueltyandharm.Thisis
compassion(karuna).Thisistheoppositeofandsubstitutionforharmfulness,cruelty,violence,injury(vhimsa).
(Wiki)
Mentalintent,willorvolition(cetana,cetana)propelsthemindforwardintowholesome(kusala)or
unwholesome(akusala)states.Theactsofcetanaarekamma,whichimpliesdirectedaction.(Wiki)
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3.SammaVaca,SamyagVak,RightSpeech.Abstinences(VeramaniorVirati)fromvarioustypesof
speech(More)(Wiki)
Musavadaveramaniavoidsfalsehood,lyingordeceitandspeakstruth,reliablyandworthyofconfidence
Pisunayavacayaveramaniavoidstalebearing,slander,backbiting,calumny,maliciousordivisivetalkor
speechandspeakstoreconciliation,friendship,concordorharmony
Pharusayavacayaveramaniavoidsharsh,abusive,impolite,hurtful,insulting,sarcastic,offensivetalkor
speechandspeakstobenefit,refinementorcourtesy
Samphappalapaveramaniavoidsgossip,useless,frivolous,pointless,fruitless,senseless,shallow,silly,vain,
idletalkorspeech,chatterandfoolishbabbleand"speaksattherighttime,whatiscorrectandtothepoint
(atthavadi)"DN1
Onespeakswellspokenwords(subhasitasutta)attherighttime,inaccordwithfacts,whatisusefuland
profitable,gently,withakindheart.SeeMN27,38,51wisewords,wordstobetreasured,wordsinseasonDN
28timely,affectionateandhonest
Loworanimalconversations(tiracchanakatha)aredescribedatAN10.69
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4.SammaKammanta,SamyakKarmanta,RightAction,conductordoing,observationofthe
preceptsorabstentionsnotascommandments(thereisnomoralauthorityinBuddhism)butasanethicadoptedto
endsuffering.RightActionrecognizesthatallactionordoing(kamma,karma)hasconsequenceswhichmaybe
escapedinadvancebynotdoingwrongaction.KammantaisthesamerootwordasKamma,soinawayRight
Actioncouldalsobetranslated"goodkarma."Iftherewereaself,suchanethiccouldbecalledselfservingthe
resultsofunwholesomeactionsimpedeone'sprogresstowardstheendofsuffering.
ThesimplestformulationofRightActionisintheFivePrecepts(PancaSilani,PancaSilani).Thewordsila
meansmoraldiscipleorvirtuousconduct,withtheconnotationsofpracticeandhabit.(Wiki)
Panatipataveramani(orvirati),restraintfrominjuringorkillinglivingorsentientcreaturesortakinglifeor
destructionoflife,beingdesirousofthewelfareofallsentientbeingsorcreatures(paniorsatta).Thisisclosely
relatedtoharmlessness(avihimsa).
Adinnadanaveramani,restraintfromtakingwhatisnotgiven,bytheftordeceit.Replacewithsatisfactionand
generosity.
Kamesumicchacaraveramani,restraintfrommisconductinsensualpleasures.Elsewherethisisspecifiedas
sexualmisconduct,ignoblepracticeorunchastity(abrahmacariya,abrahmacarya)andprimarilyrefers(forthe
laity)toadultery,rapeandrelationswithwomenwhoaremarriedorbetrothedorhavenotcomeofage.Monks
areenjoinedfromanysexualactivity.
Inplaces,e.g.DN5,twomoresilaareaddedtomaketheFivePrecepts(Pancasikkhapada)
Musavadaveramanilying,deceit,speakingfalsehood,falseorincorrecttalkorspeech
Suramerayamajjapamadatthanaveramani,restraintfromusingwine,liquororintoxicantswhichresultin
heedlessnessornegligence(pamada,pramada)ofthemindoremotions.Thisqualificationisinterestinginthatit
leavesopenaquestionaboutintoxicantsthatdonotcauseheedlessness.Grammatically,thelinedoesnotsaythat
allintoxicantsleadtoheedlessness,asisoftenimpliedbytranslators.
FurthermoraldisciplinecontinueswiththeassumptionofTenPrecepts(Dasasila,Dasasila),aversionstoor
abstentionsfrom(Veramanisikkhapadamsamadiyami)furtherunwholesomebehavioralmissteps:(Wiki)
Forthelaity,thelistgoesontoroundouttheTenrequisitesofgoodbehavior(Dasasila)withsixmore
abstinences(Veramani)
Pisunavacayafromtalebearing,slander,backbiting,calumny,malicious,divisivetalkorspeech
Pharusavacayafromharsh,abusive,impolite,hurtful,insulting,sarcastic,offensivetalkorspeech
Samphapalapavacayafromgossip,useless,frivolous,pointless,fruitless,senseless,shallow,silly,vain,idle
talkorspeech,chatterandfoolishbabble
Abhijjhayafromcovetousness,envy,unrighteousgreed
Vyapada,Vairam(orbyapada),aversion,illwill,animosity,malice,anger,hatred,malevolence,hostility,
resistance,irritation.Vyapadahassynonymsatpatigha,pratigha,dosa,dveshaandothers.
Micchaditthiya,Mithyadrishti,wrongviews,misbelief,misunderstanding
Whileforthemonksandnuns(bhikku,bhikkuni)theDasasikkhapadanicontinuethus:
Suramerayamajjapamadatthanaveramani,usingwine,liquorandintoxicantswhichresultinheedlessness
ornegligence.
Vikalabhojana,solidfoodafternoon
Naccagitavaditavisukadassana,alitanyisgivenofvarioussensualentertainments
Malagandhavilepanadharanamandanavibhusanatthana,variousbodilydecorations
Uccasayanamahasayana,highandluxuriousbeds
Jataruparajatapatiggahana(monksonly)goldandsilver
Whilethepreceptsarenotcommandments,rulesforthebehaviorofmonksaretakenseriously,andsome
violationsentailsuspensionforlife.
Normal,natural,genuineorwithoutcrisismoralityispakatisila(goodnatured).Totheextentthatsilarequires
initialconcentrationandeffort,itisalsoinitialtraininginmindfulness(sati)andconcentration(samadhi).
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5.SammaAjiva,SamyagAjiva,RightLivelihoodorOccupationabandonswaysoflivingwhichbring
harmandsufferingtootherlivingbeings."Thesearethefivetypesofbusinessthatalayfollowershouldnot
engagein."VanijjaSutta,AN5.177:
Satthavanijja,traffickinginweapons,orlethalarms
Sattavanijja,traffickinginhumanbeings,slavetrading,prostitution,children
Mamsavanijja,traffickinginmeatorflesh,raisinganimalsforslaughterandbutchery
Majjavanijja,traffickinginintoxicants(drinksanddrugs)
Visavinijja,traffickinginpoisonsortoxicproducts
Thehouseholderorlaymanmayhelphimselftofourkindsofhappiness(sukha)orsatisfactorinessAN62:A
ii:69:
Atthisukha,economicsecurity,sufficientmeans,ownership,wealthrighteouslygained
Bhogasukha,happinessfromwiseexpenditureoflawfulwealthtomakemerit
Ananasukha,happinessofnotbeingindebt,ofnotowingothers
Anavajjasukkha,happinessofblamelessnessinbody,speechandmind
IntheMajimhaNikayaSutta117,andintheVsmI:6165,fivemoreideasaresetforthforthemonksabout
wronglivelihoodbydeceit(Kuhanadimicchajiva):
Kuhana,scheming,pretending,deceit,trickery,fraud,especiallybymeansofworkingwonders
Lapana,flattery,muttering,talkingtopleasedonorswithaviewtoacquiringgain,honorandrenown
Nemittikata,innuendo,hinting,semblances,invitingofferingsbygivingallkindsofhints
Nippesikata,belittling,disparaging,backbiting,harassingsoastoinduceofferings
Labhenalabhaunijiginsabata,enticementsofgettinggoodswithgoods,gainfrominvestedmoney
Monksarealsoenjoinedfromusingthebaseartsofreadingsignsandomens(tiracchanavikkamicchajiva
virati)
IntheVyagghapajjaSutta,economicstabilityandwellbeingcomesbywayof:
Utthanasampada,productionofwealththroughskilledandearnestendeavor.
Arakkhasampada,itsprotectionandsavings.
Samajivikata,livingwithinone'smeans,balancedlivelihood
Aswithsila,thisisnotsimplymoralizing.RightLivelihoodfreesthedisciplefromdistraction,remorse,regret,
misgivings,guiltandshame,fromthekammaandconsequencesorripenings(vipaka)orfruit(phala)of
unwholesomeaction.
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6.SammaVayama,SamyagVyayama,RightEffort,endeavororexertionisthecultivationof
diligenceandpersistencetotheFourRightEfforts,strivings,exertionsorendeavors(Sammappadana,Samyak
pradhana),carriedoutwithoutanyunwillingness,withzealousenergy(atapaviraya).Energy(viriya)isthe
mentalfactor(cetasika)foreffortandthiswantsgoodsourcesoffuelorwhatBuddhacalled"wholesome
nutriment."Thelargerproblemswithappetitenotwithstanding,oneneedsaheathyappetite,justnotinthesense
ofbigappetite.Thediscipleneedstosustainbothenergyandenthusiasm.Oftengreatenergycanbeobtained
moresimplybypluggingenergyleaks.Abhikkhuawakenszeal,makeseffort,arousesenergy,exertshismind
andstrives(MN77)to:(Wiki)
Preventthearising(anuppadaya)ofunwholesome(akusala)thoughtsorstates(dhamma).
Setaside,abandon,discardordispel(pahanaya)thearisenunwholesomethoughtsorstates.
Create,developornurture(uppadaya)thewholesome(kusala)thoughtsorstates(dhamma).
Support,promoteormaintain(thitiya)thearisenwholesomethoughtsorstates
Respectively,thesearetheFourRightExertionsorStrivings(CattaroSammappadhana,Prahanani)usedto
accomplishthis:(Wiki)
Samvarapadhana,restrainingthesenses.Alsocalledindriyesuguttadvarata,thefacultyofguardingthe
"sensedoors."
Pahanapadhana,abandoningorovercomingthedefilements.Someoftherecommendedmethodsare:thought
substitution,hiriottappa,diversionorredirectionofattention,confrontationandinvestigation,andforcible
suppression.ThisistheRemovalofDistractingThoughts,MN20.Removalofthedefilementsisalsoreferredto
aseffacement(sallekha)
Bhavanapadhana,cultivatingordevelopingSevenEnlightenmentFactors(SattaBojjhanga)
Anurakkhanapadhana,preservingormaintainingconcentration,vigilance,heedfulness
Thereisa"tirelessnessinwholesomestates"(appamadokusalesudhammesu)DN34.Theunwholesome
thoughtsorstates(akusaladhamma)areoftencharacterizedbythefiveHindrancesorObstructions
(Nivaranana)andthetenDefilements(Kilesa,Klesha),enumeratedlater.RightEffortingeneralisaidedbythe
fiveMentalPowers(Balani)andFacultiesorroots(Indriya),alsoenumeratedlater.Theefforttodevelop
wholesomethoughtsorstatesisaidedbytheSevenFactorsorLimbsofEnlightenment(SattaBojjhanga),also
enumeratedlater.
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7.SammaSati,SamyakSmriti,RightMindfulness,attentiveness,attention,awarenessorinspectionis
thecontemplationofandattentiontotheFourFoundationsorEstablishmentsofMindfulness(Cattaro
Satipatthana,Catvarismrtyupasthana).AlsocalledFourFramesofReference.Thewordsatialsomeans
memoryorrecollection.Thephrase"keepinginmind"maybeacommonlink,buthereitwouldcarrythecharge
tonotkeepbyclinging.Upatthana(foundations)meanssustaining,establishing,upholding.Thisrequiresthe
energydevelopedinrighteffort:"Arise!Situp!Trainyourselvesstrenuouslyforpeaceofmind.Thisdoctrine,
monks,isfortheenergetic,strongandfirminpurpose,andnotfortheindolent."ANiv234.Thesuffix
anupassanameans"contemplationof..."(Wiki)
Kayanupassana,activitiesofthebodymindfulnessimmersedinbody(kayagatasati)
Ofspecialusefulnessandimportanceismindfulnessofbreathing(anapanasati,anapanasmriti)whichdoesnot
involvecontrolofthebreath.Thedisciplinecontinuesthroughthefour"usual"postures(iriyapatha):standing
(caram),walking(nissinova),sitting(sayano)andlyingdown(yavata),allofwhicharesuitablefor
mindfulnessmeditation,assumingnoslothorsleepiness.Afterthisisprescribedcontemplationofvarious
repulsiveaspectsofcorporealityandmeditationonthematerialelementsastheyenterandleaveexperience.
Vedananupassana,feelingsorsensations,"affectivetoneorhedonicqualityofexperience"(B.Bodhi).
Observingwhereittriestogofromcontact(phassa)onwardthroughthechainofconditionedarising,learning
notgraspingorclinging.Vedanaissimplerandmorebasicthanemotionwithit'soverlaysofvalue,volition,etc.
Vedayitaisfeelingwhatisfelt,asitcomesandgoes,themindfulnessoffeeling.
Cittanupassana,activitiesofthemind,mentalprocesses,includingthoughtsassociatedwithpassions,andthe
processesthatproducecravingandaversion.SeeMindinGlossary,especiallycittaandcetasika.Allstatesareto
berecognizedasanicca,dukkhaandanattaandobservedinrelationtotheirinvolvementincraving,aversion
anddelusion(lobha,dosaandmoha).
Dhammanupassana,objectsofthought,mindobjects,thoughts,phenomena.TheFiveHindrances(Nivarana),
theFiveAggregatesofClinging,theSixSenseBases,theSevenEnlightenmentFactorsandtheFourNoble
Truthsarespecificallysuggestedassubjectsforexamination.
One"abidescontemplating___as___,ardent,clearlycomprehending,mindful,havingremovedcovetingand
worryinginregardtotheworld."Meditationontheplussesandminusesandthecomingsandgoings.
"Andwhatisrightmindfulness?Thereisthecasewhereamonkremainsfocusedonthebodyin&ofitself
ardent,alert,&mindfulputtingasidegreed&distresswithreferencetotheworld.Heremainsfocusedon
feelingsin&ofthemselves...themindin&ofitself...mentalqualitiesin&ofthemselvesardent,alert,&
mindfulputtingasidegreed&distresswithreferencetotheworld.Thisiscalledrightmindfulness...Thisisthe
directpathforthepurificationofbeings,fortheovercomingofsorrow&lamentation,forthedisappearanceof
pain&distress,fortheattainmentoftherightmethodandfortherealizationofUnbindinginotherwords,the
fourframesofreference."DN22.Diligent,ardent,andresoluteabiding.
"Thestateofmindinmeditationisoneofsufficientattention,relaxedalertness,presence,anunattached
involvementorobservation,uninterpretive,nonjudgmental,areadinesstoobservewhatcomesandgoes.While
wemindorattendthevariousobjectsofmindfulness,wemerelynoticethemastheycomeandgo,likeframesin
afilm,"notallowingthemtostimulatethemindintothoughtchainsofreactionstothem."(Golemanp.9)
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8.SammaSamadhi,SamyakSamadhi,RightConcentrationorAbsorption.Mentalconcentrationor
concentrativeabsorption.Themindisfixedhereonasingleobject.Thisiscalledonepointednessofmind
(cittekeggata).Justaboutanystatecanbetheobjectofconcentration,especiallyininsightmeditation
(vipassana),butofparticularimportancearetheexpansivestates(paradoxically,sincetheworkisonepointed
concentration).Regardlessoftheobject,theinitialstageiscalledpreliminaryconcentration(parikkamma
samadhi)andtheobjectisthepreliminarysign(parikkammanimitta).Theapproachtoabsorptioniscalled
neighborhoodconcentration(upacarasamadhi)beingonthethreshold,stillexamining,notyetonepointed.Full
absorptiomiscalledappanasamadhi(Wiki)
Jhanasarestatesofconcentrationwhereinthemindisabsorbedinitsobject.Throughoutthedoctrine,Jhana
meditationproceedsthroughfourlevelsorstagesofMeditativeAbsorptionortrance(Jhana,Dhyana).Theyare
oftencalledtheFourFineMaterialAbsorptions(Jhanas,Dhyanas)(RupaJhanas).Theyareepistemicrealities,
notmetaphysicalones,andtraininggroundsforthedevelopmentofinsight.Thesefourareprogressive,asarethe
fourstillmoremysticalstatestofollow(Wiki)
Patthamajhanasamadhi(concentrationontheFirstJhana):
Secludedfromthesensedesiresandunwholesomestates(nivarana)
Accompaniedbyappliedthoughtandexamination(vitakkavicara,vitarkavichara)
Filledwithexhilaration(piti)andhappiness(sukha)bornofdetachment(viveka)
Withekaggata(onepointednessofmind)
Dutiyajjhanasamadhi(concentrationontheSecondJhana):
Detachedfromappliedandsustainedthought(vitakkavicara)
Filledwithexhilarationandhappiness(pitiandsukha)bornofconcentration(samadhi)
Withinternalconfidence(ajjhattaisampasadanai)andmentalonepointedness(cetasoekodibhavai)
Tatiyajjhanasamadhi(concentrationontheThirdJhana):
Abidingbeyondpleasureandpaininraptureandjoy
Stillwithhappiness(sukha)butpitiisnowsurmounted
Abidinginequanimity(upekkha)
Withmindfulness(sati)andclearcomprehension(sampajanna)
Cututthajjhanasamadhi(concentrationontheFourthJhana):
Abidingbeyondraptureandjoyinmindfulequanimity
Withtheabandoningofhappiness(sukha)andpain
Andthepreviousdisappearanceofpitiandgrief
Withpurifiedmindconsciousness(parisuddhamanovinnana)duetoequanimity(upekkha)
ThereareFiveMentalFactorsmentionedanddevelopedhere,whicharesaidtocountertheFiveHindrances.
Vitakka,Vitarka,appliedthought,directedthought,conceptualization,mentation
Vicara,Vichara,examination,analysis,sustainedthought,reasoning,discursivethought,allowsexamination
fromdifferentpointsofview,movingreflection,movementofperspective.
Piti,Priti,exhilaration,elation,ecstasy,rapture,joy,bliss,delight,zest,refreshment,enthusiasm.Thiscanoften
beananticipatorystateassukha,below,canrefertotherelishingofstatesalreadyattained.
Sukha,Sukha,happiness,pleasantness,pleasure,ease,satisfaction,happiness,blessedness,wellbeing.Seenote
atpiti,above.
Ekagatta,Ekagrata,onepointednessofmind,singlenessofpreoccupation
OnlytheFourthJhanacanbecalledimperturbable(anenja),butfourhigherpleasuresdoremaininthejhanas
MN66,respectively:
Nekkhammasukhahappinessofrenunciation
Pavivekasukhahappinessofseclusion
Upasamasukhahappinessofpeace
Sambodhasukhahappinessofenlightenment
"Isayofthiskindofpleasurethatitshouldbepursued,thatitshouldbedeveloped,thatitshouldbecultivated,
andthatitshouldnotbefeared.MN139
BeyondthefourRupaJhanasarethefourFormlessorImmaterialAbsorptions(Arupajhanas,Arupa
dhyanas)orFormlessRealms.Theyare"beyondbodilysensations,withoutsenseofresistance,withoutattraction
totheperceptionofdiversity."DN9.ThesearenotcalledJhanasintheCanonbutacquiredthenamelater.Once
again,theseareexperiences,notmetaphysicalworlds.Assoonastheyaremadeintoentitiestheywilltryto
becomepermanent,satisfyingandyours.Onemayexperienceasphereofinfiniteconsciousnesswithouthaving
tobelievethattheinfiniteuniverseisconscious.(Wiki)
Akasanancayatana,Akasana,base,sphereordimensionofinfiniteorboundlessspace
Vinnanacayatana,Vijnana,base,sphereordimensionofinfiniteorboundlessconsciousness
Akincannayatana,Akim,base,sphereordimensionofnothingness
Nevasannanasannayatana,Naivasamjna,base,sphereordimensionofneitherperceptionnornonperception
nothingperceived,nothingnotperceived
Finally,RightConcentrationisdevelopedintwoaspectsofattentiveconcentration,meditation,mentalculture
(Bhavana):
SamathaBhavana,Shamatha(orSmathah)Bhavana,thedevelopmentoftranquility,serenityorcalmnessand
fixednessofmindorconcentration.AlsoreferredtoasUnificationoronepointenessofMind(cittekaggata,
cittakagrata)(Wiki)
VipassanaBhavana,Vipasyana(orVidarssana)Bhavana,thedevelopmentofinsightbyintrospection.
Unblinkinglywatchful.Seeingorknowingphenomenaforwhattheyareastheyariseanddisappear.Thevision
ofeveryspecificthingformedasimpermanent,unsatisfactoryandnotself.Seeinginanextraordinaryway,
analyticalinsight.(Wiki)(More)
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SurpriseBonusSteps.IntheMahacattarisakaSuttaandelsewheretherearenoteightbuttenpathfactors(See
AN10.118:Av:233),tendescriptionsofthenearestandfarthestshoreandthejourneyacross.
9.SammaNana,SamyakJnana,rightknowledge,comprehension,wisdom,insight.Knowledgeexperienced.
pubbenivasanussatinanarememberingpreviousbirths
sattanamcutupapatananaknowingdeathandrebirthofbeingsaccordingtotheirkammas
asavakkhayananaknowledgeofdestructionorexhaustionofthedefilements,taints,cankersorstains
10.SammaVimutti,SamyakMukti,rightliberation,beingcompletelyunbound(parinibbuta)havingdonewhat
hadtobedone.Liberationthroughacquiredwisdomordiscernmentispannavimutti.
III.ValueNeutralEnumeratedFactors
InthefortyfiveyearsoftheBuddhasteachingmanylistsofvicesandvirtues,problemsandsolutions,warnings
andencouragementswereenumerated,andperhapsregisteredwithmorerigiditythanwasintended.Inanoral
traditionmnemonicsandconsistencyareimportantincarryingateachingthroughthecenturies.Onewhole
sectionoftheSuttaPitakaisorganizedaroundtheenumerateddimensionsoftheDhamma.Intheendthey
suggestthateventhesimplelifeisrichwithamultitudeofthingstobedone.Asidefromthespecifically
encouragedanddiscouragedvalues,listedinthenexttwosections,therearethefollowinggeneralitemizations:
TheThreefoldRefuge(Tisarana,Trisharana)ortheThreeJewels(Triratana,Triratna)Therearethreeforms
ofwealthandrefugeinthetradition:saranamgacchamiIgoforrefugeinthe(Wiki)
Buddha,Buddha,TheAwakenedorEnlightenedOne
Dhamma,Dharma,TheDoctrineorTeaching
Sangha,Sangha,TheFellowshiporCommunity
TheThreefoldTraining(Tissosikkha,Trishiksha)isonewaytoorganizethetheEightfoldPath.Thethreeare
knownastheSila,CittaandPannaSampada,themoral,meditativeandwisdomattainments.(Wiki)
Sila,Shila,themoraldisciplineorvirtuousconductof:(Wiki)
SammaVaca,SamyagVak,RightSpeech
SammaKammanta,SamyakKarmanta,RightAction
SammaAjiva,SamyagAjiva,RightLivelihood
Silaalsohastheconnotationofhabitorregularpractice.Itdoesnothavetheconnotationofcommandment.This
isethicalorganizationandpracticefortheabnormalconditionsoflife.
Samadhi,Samadhi,mentalconcentrationorconcentrativeabsorption,thetrainingof:(Wiki)
SammaVayama,SamyagVyayama,RightEffort
SammaSati,Samyaksmriti,RightMindfulness
SammaSamadhi,SamyakSamadhi,RightConcentration
Panna,Prajna,wisdon,discernment,intelligence,intellectualacumen,appreciativeanalyticalunderstanding
alsousedforcommonsense,ingenuity.Understandingisalittleweakforagloss,beingoverlytolerant,notsharp
enough.Pannamakesclearcutdecisions.(Wiki)
SammaDitthi,Samyagdristhi,RightView,Understanding
SammaSankappa,SamyakSamkalpa,RightIntention,Thought
ThreeLiberationsorGates(Vimokkha,Vimoksha).ProgressingbeyondtheThreeMarksorCharacteristicsof
Existence(Tilakkhana,Trilakshana).(More)
Sunnata,Sunyata,emptinessunderstandingthatallformationsarewithoutself,withnoindividualitybeyond
theconditionsthatbroughtthemabout
Animitta,Animitta,formlessness,signlessnessunderstandingthatallformsareimpermanentandallthingsare
transitory
Apanihita,Apranihita,passionlessness,desirelessnessunderstandingthatallformationsareunsatisfactory,
unabletoattainorprovidelastinghappiness
ThefourkindsofNutriment(Ahara)nourishment(MN1:48),thegraspingandrejecting,assimilatingand
excreting,adoptinganddisowning,requiredformaintainingoneself,needingperpetualreplenishment.Allbeings
aremaintainedbynutriment(aharatthitika).Thiscanbeforwholesomeorunwholesomestates,thewholesome
fed,theunwholesomestarved.(SeeWisdomPub'sSN5:46p.1569)
Donotaskwhoconsumesanutriment,butforwhatisthenutrimentacondition.SNII12:11
ThishascometobeIt'soriginationoccurswiththatasanutrimentSNII12:31
Whatmattersisnolustforthenutriment."Withthecessationofthatnutriment,whathascometobeissubjectto
cessation."SNII12:31
BoththeHindrancesandtheEnlightenmentFactorssubsistindependenceonnutrimentanddonotsubsist
withoutnutriment.ThesearetheWholesomeandUnwholesomeStates.SNV46:I/2:2and46:Vi/51:1.SeeSN
pp.19071909,notes8497.
Thetextsoffertheideaofdenourishmenttodenotestarvingoftheunwholesomeandwholesomestates.(More)
Kabalikaharaediblefood,grossorsubtle
Phassaharacontact,senseimpressionsorobjects
Manosancetanaharamentalvolitions,intentions,basicwants,struggleandaspiration
Vinnanaharaconsciousness,hungerforexpandingexperience
Allbeingsaremaintainedbynutriment.DN33AN10:27,28Khp2
Whatisnutriment?Therearethesefourkindsofnutrimentforthemaintenanceofbeingsthat
alreadyare,andfortheassistanceofthoseseekingrenewalofbeing:theyarephysicalfoodas
nutriment,grossorsubtle,contactasthesecond,choiceasthethird,andconsciousnessasthe
fourth.SN12:63MN38
Thefoursetsofconstituentsofcompoundthings(fromandfairlycentraltotheAbhidhammaPitaka).This
suggeststhattheFiveKhandhasaremerelythecomponentsofsentientbeings,whileotheraspectsofrealityare
compoundedbytheirownsetsofrules.(More)and(More)
khandhasconstitutesentientbeings
ayatanasfivesensoryorgansandmind
dhatustheelementswhichconstituterupa
dhammasasmindobjects
ThefiveOrders,ConstraintsorProcesses(Niyamas),fivefoldlawsofcosmicorder.(Wiki)
Kammaniyamaorderofactandresult,kusalaandakusalaactsproducerelatedresults
Utuniyamaphysicalorder,inorganic,seasonalwindsandrains,natureofheat,etc.
Bijaniyamaorderofgermsandseeds,ontogeny,organicorder,cells,genes
Cittaniyamaorderofmindorpsychiclaw,mentalprocesses
Dhammaniyamaorderofthenorm,lawsofnature,includingtheDhamma
TheSixSenseBases(Sadayatana,Sadayatana).Sensorymediums,fields,spheresorbases(Ayatana,
Ayatana)ofcognition,orcontrollingfaculties(bavisatiindriyani)(Wiki)
Caksur,visioncakkhu,eyerupa,visibleobjects
Crota,auditionsota,earsaddha,sounds
Ghrana,olfactionghana,nosegandha,smells
Jihva,tastejivha,tonguerasa,tastes
Kaya,touchkaya,bodykayindriya,proprioception,photthaba,touching
Mano,Manas,mentalfunctioningmano,mindmanindriya,thought
TheSixElements.First,thefourGreatElements(Mahabhuta,Mahabhuta).ThesearePrimaryorUnderived
(NoupaRupa)elements(dhatu).(Wiki)
Pathavi,Priythivi,earth,solidity,hardnessorsoftness
Apo,Apas,water,liquidity,fluidity,cohesion,adhesion
Tejo,Tejas,fire,heat,warmth,temperature,metabolism
Vayo,Vayu,wind,air,oscillation,vibration,motion,expansionandcontraction,voice
TherearealsotwoSecondaryorDerivedElements(UpadaRupa)
Akasa,Akasha,space
Vinnana,Vijnana,consciousness,awareness,cognizance,cognition
IV.KusalaWholesomePracticesandStates
Thefollowinglistsarevariouscollectionsofworthwhilepracticesandstatesattendantuponwalkingonthepath.
Someservetemporaryfunctionsuntilhigherstatesarereached,butallareadvocatedatonetimeoranotherfor
onewalkingthepath.Theseekerisstillwarnedaboutattachmenttoanyofthem,andofthinkingthattheymight
bethe"eternalsalvationofthesoul,"theperfectreversalofannicadukkhaanatta.Manyitemsarerepeatedin
severaldifferentlists,othersrepresentedagainbysynonyms.Itmaybesafetoassumefornowthatthisrepetition
suggeststheirrelativeimportancetothedoctrine.Ataminimum,thesearelistsofpracticesandstatesthatthe
Buddhaatleastgenerallyencouraged,eventhosewhichexpressedapersistentdesireforselfimprovement.
ThefourBasesforSpiritualPower(Iddhipada,Riddhipada).Eachofthesefourcombineswith"volitional
formationsofstriving,"mentalconstructsforthepurposeofendeavor(padhanasankhara),artificestoenable
greatereffort,striving,exertion,endeavor(padhana,asynonymforvayama)(Wiki)
Samadhichanda,Chanda,concentrationwithdesire,zeal,intention,wantorpurpose
Samadhiviriya,Virya,concentrationwithenergy,diligence,persiustence
Samadhicitta,Chitta,concentrationwithmindorconsciousness
Samadhivimamsa,Mimamsa,concentrationwithinvestigationordiscrimination
Andenthusiasm(Samadhiussolhi)canberegardedasafifth,makingthefoundationforthefivekindsofdirect
orhigherknowledge(abhinna)seeMN16
ThefourFoundationsorHigherStandings(Adhitthana),alsounderstoodasdecisionsorresolutions.
Adhitthana,whentakenasasinglevirtueofresolutionorresolve,isoneofthetenPerfections(paramitas),
listedbelow.Thewordsvowsandavowalsmayalsobeappropriate.(Wiki)
Pannadhitthanawisdomordiscernment
Saccadhitthanatruthfulnessorbeingtrue
Cagadhitthanarelinquishmentordetachment
Upasamadhitthanapeaceortranquility
ThefourSublimeStatesorAttitudes(Brahmaviharas),theabodesofBrahma.Theyrepresenttheproper
approach,attitudeandconducttowardsotherlivingbeings.TheyarealsocalledthefourImmeasurablesor
BoundlessStates(Appamanna,Apramana).(Wiki)
Metta,Maitri,lovingkindness,love,goodwill,friendship,fraternallove,bestowinghappiness,amity,or
benevolence,withoutdesiretopossess.Toknowthegoodinothers.(Wiki)
Karuna,Karuna,compassion,sympathyormercy,gentleaffection,aspirationtobetrulyhelpful.Witheyes
andearsopentothecries(GuanYininChinese).Notsimplypityorsentimentality,ableedingheartorfellow
suffering,butwillingtobearthepainofothersandnotturnaway,shutdownorflee.(Wiki)
Mudita,Mudita,appreciative,altruistic,sympatheticorempatheticjoy,gladnessorjoyinanother'ssuccess,
wellbeingorhappinessrejoicinginanother'sskillfulaction,meritsandattainments.Thecomplementtokaruna.
(Wiki)
Upekkha,Upeksa,equanimity,dispassion,detachment,serenity,impartiality,tolerance,evenness,equipoise,
balanceofmind,evenmindedness,onlooking(notthesameasapathyorindifference).Tounderstandthat
problemsmustworkthemselvesout,andthatsentientbeingsmustworkthemselvesoutoftheirownproblems.
(Wiki)
TheFiveMentalPowersorStrengths(PancaBalani)ortheFiveFaculties(controllingprinciplesorroots)
(Panc'Indriyani).ForPancaBalanisee(Wiki)and(More)
Saddha,Saddhindriya,Shraddhabala,faith,convictionorconfidence,certitude,reverence,respect,
overcomingdoubt.ThisdoesnotmeanthedismissalofthenecessaryempiricalverificationinBuddhism,merely
theassurancethatsomethingisknowntobeeffectiveagainstproblemsathand.(Wiki)
Viriya,Viriyindriya,Viryabala,energy,diligence,vigor,effort,zeal,persistence,exertion,perseverance,
overcomingremissness.(Wiki)
Sati,Satindriya,Smrtribala,mindfulness,attentiverecollection,awareness.(Wiki)
Samadhi,Samadhindriya,Samadhibala,mentalconcentrationorconcentrativeabsorption,focus,vigilance,
concern,overcomingwanderingmind.(Wiki)
Panna,Pannindriya,Prajnabala,wisdom,comprehension,discernment,overcomingignorance.(Wiki)
Itisimportantthatfaithandwisdombalanceeachother.Thesameistrueforenergyandconcentration.AN7.6:A
iv:5dropsenergyordiligence(viriya)fromthislistandaddslisteningorlearning(suta)andgenerosity(dana)to
makeupthesevenTreasures(Dhanas).Thereisalsoalistof22Faculties,notsharedhere.(Wiki).
ThesevenQualitiesorAttributesofVirtuouspeople(SattaSaddhammas),thepracticalconduct(carana)of
goodpeople.
Saddha,Sraddha,faith,convictionorconfidence,overcomingdoubt.
Sati,Smriti,mindfulness,attentiverecollection,awareness,overcomingfalsity.
Hiri,Hri,moralshame,disgustwithevildominatedbyselfrespect,dignity,conscience.(Wiki)
Ottappa,Apatrapya,ethicalwariness,moraldread,fearofwrongdoing,regardforconsequence,prudence,
decorum,propriety,concern.(Wiki)
Bahusacca,Bahusmrti,erudition,sagacity,learnedness,greatlearning(elsewherecalledbahusutta,bahusutta,
andsimplysutaorlearned).
Viriya,Virya,energy,diligencevigor,effort,zeal,persistence,perseverance,exertion,overcomingremissness
(elsewherecalledaraddhaviriya).
Panna,Prajna,(transcendental)wisdom,discrimination,discernment,intelligence,intellectualacumen
(abhinna),appreciativeanalyticalunderstanding(elsewherecalledupatthitassati)
MahayanaBuddhismaddsafewmoretothislistfromamongitsElevenWholesomeorVirtuousStates
(Ekadasakusala)
Prasrabdhi,Kammanata,flexibility,pliancy,suppleness,adaptability
Apramada,Appamada,heedfulness,diligence,conscientiousness,care
Advesa,Adosa,nonaggression,nonmalevolence,nonantipathy
Andthenegativesofgreed,delusionandviolence:Alobha,Amoha,Avihimsa
SevenFactorsorLimbsofEnlightenment(SattaBojjhanga,SaptaBodhyanga)"whicharesupportedby
seclusion,dispassionandcessationandripeninrelinquishment."Severalofthesestatesaresharedwiththe
ElevenSupportingConditions,below.(Wiki)
Sati,Smriti,mindfulness,attentiverecollection,inspection,awarenesssammasati
Dhammavicaya,DharmapravicayaorDharmavicharana,investigationofstatesormentalphenomena,
discriminationofentitiesregardingtheirintrinsicvalue,scrutinyofthedhamma,distinguishing,examinationof
thearising,existing(stillinastateofcontinuouschange)andceasingofdhammas(uppada,thiti,bhanga).
(Wiki)
Viriya,Virya,energy(activatedbyinvestigation),exertion,assiduousstriving,,sammavayama.Callingfor
initialenthusiasm,perseveranceandindominabilityorinvincability.
Piti,Priti,exhilaration,elation,ecstasy,rapture,joy,bliss,delight,zest,refreshment,enthusiasm.SeePleasant
Staes,belowforfivelevels.(Wiki)
Passaddhi,PrasadaorPrasrabdhi,tranquility,calmorrelaxation,absenceofstrain,rest,releaseoftension,
arisingfromenthusiasm,confidence,brightness,serenityofmind.(Wiki)
Samadhi,Samadhi,mentalconcentrationorconcentrativeabsorption,sammasamadhi
Upekkha,Upeksha,equanimity,dispassion,detachment,serenity,impartiality,tolerance,evenness,even
mindedness,onlooking.Thewordhasasenseofnottakingnotice,disregard,apathy.
ThetenPerfections(Paramitas,Parimitas).(Wiki)
Dana,Dana,generosity,liberality,givingofoneselfcharity,offering,alms,gifts.(Wiki)
Sila,Shila,ethicality,morality,virtue,discipline,properconduct,observanceofprecepts.(Wiki)
Nekkhamma,Nishkama,renunciation,turningfrompleasureinvolvement.,relinquishment,blowingballast,
nekkhamasankappoin2ndtruth.(Wiki)
Panna,Prajna,(transcendental)wisdom,discrimination,discernment.Skillful,refined,blamelessmental
quality.Learnedthroughobserving,evaluating,correcting,improving.TofosterappropriateattentionSN48:10.
(Wiki)
Viriya,Virya,energy,diligence,vigor,effort,zeal,persistence,perseverance,exertion,overcomingremissness.
(Wiki)
Khanti,Kshanti,patience,tolerance,forbearance,acceptance,acquiescence,endurance,Alsomeanschoice.
Forgivenessisnotthebestglossforthis:whatweusuallymeanwiththiswordisbestrepresentedby
khamanasila,khamaortitikkha.(Wiki)
Sacca,Satya,truthfulness,honesty,straightforwardness,beingtrue.(Wiki)
Adhitthana,Pranidhana,resolution,resolve,determination,aspiration.(Wiki)
Metta,Maitri,lovingkindness,love,goodwill,friendship,fraternallove,bestowinghappiness,amity,or
benevolence,withoutdesiretopossess.(Wiki)
Upekkha,Upeksa,equanimity,dispassion,detachment,serenity,impartiality,tolerance,evenness,even
mindedness,onlooking(notapathy).(Wiki)
MahayanaBuddhismoffersasetofSixPerfections(Paramitas,Parimitas)withsimilaritiestotheabove.
(Wiki)
Dana,Dana,generosity,liberality,givingofoneselfcharity,offering,alms,gifts
Sila,Sila,ethicality,morality,virtue,discipline,properconduct,observanceofprecepts
Ksanti,Khanti,patience,tolerance,forbearance,acceptance,endurance
Virya,Viriya,energy,diligence,vigor,effort,zeal,persistence,perseverance,exertion,overcomingremissness
Dhyana,Jhana,contemplation,onepointedconcentration
Prajna,Panna,(transcendental)wisdom,discrimination,discernment
FourmoreareaddedtomakeuptheTenStages(Dasabhumika)
Upaya,Upaya,skillfulorrightmeansormethodattractedengagement,whichelsewherecarriesthenegative
connotationofattachmentorinvolvement.
Pranidhana,Adhitthana,vow,resolution,aspiration,determination
Bala,Bala,spiritualpower,strength,theeffectiveexpressionoffaculties(indriya)
Jnana,Nana,knowledge,comprehension,wisdom,insight.Knowledgeexperienced.(Wiki)
Thereisalsoalistoftwentytwo"beautifulmentalfunctions"(Sobhanacetasikas)itemizedbelowinthe
GlossaryatCetasikas.
V.AkusalaUnwholesomeProcessesandStates
Thefollowinglistsarevariouscollectionsofunwholesomeprocessesandstatesthatthreatentheseeker's
progressonthepath.SomemayyetcometoservewholesomeendsasinallofBuddhismtheproper
examinationofthingsintheircontextisthepriority.Asinthepreceding,manyitemsarerepeatedinseveral
differentlists,othersrepresentedagainbysynonyms.Again,wecanassumefornowthatthisrepetitionsuggests
theirrelativeimportancetothedoctrine.GenerallyspeakingthesearelistsofpracticesandstatesthattheBuddha
discouraged.
ThethreeConceits(Mana)orObsessionsorGraspings(Gaha,Graha)thethreeconceitsofIAm(asmi
mana).ThesearerelatedtoIdentityorPersonalityViews(Sakkayaditthi),oneoftheTenFetters,and
attachmenttoself(Attavadupadana),oneoftheFourKindsofClinging,graspingorholding.(More)
Mamankara,minemaking,craving,mine
Ahankara,Ahamkara,Imaking,conceit,Iam,empiricalegoism
Sakkayaditthi,identityorpersonalityviews,selfviews,myself,individuality
Thesewillconditionthemisguidedviewsthat:
Etammamathisismine,ideaofpossession,arisesthroughcraving
Eho'hamasmiIamthis,theideaofidentity,arisesthroughconceit
Essomeattathisismyself,theideaofreification,arisesthroughview
Itmaybesaidofallforms,feelings,perceptionsandmentalformations,andofconsciousness,ofallKhandas:
N'etammama,n'eso'hamasmi,namesoatta,"Thisisnotmine,Iamnotthis,thisisnotmyself."Wherethis
isapracticeinmeditation,wherethisissaidofmindobjects,itsomewhatparallelstheVedic"Notthis,Notthis"
(Neti,Neti).ThisteachingisalsoananswertotheVedic"IamThat"(eso'hamasmi,the1stpersonPaliofthe
Sanskrittattvamasi,ThatThouArt).Rightviewconfersfreedomfrommicrocosmicself(Jivatma)and
macrocosmicself(Paramatma).Conceit(mana)doesnotsimplyrefertooverestimation(adhimana),excessive
conceitorconceitedness,buttoalllevelsofselfevaluation:Iamsuperior(Seyyohamasmi),Iaminferior
(Hinohamasmi)andWeareequalSadiso(hamasmi).
ThefourTaintsorCorruptions(Asavas,Asravas),mentaleffluents,pollutants,defilements,taints,cankersor
stains.ThesealsoappearwiththesuffixformsforFlood(ogha)orBond(yogha)(Wiki)
Kamasava,taintsofsense,addictionstosenses,lust,longing
Bhavasava,taintsofbeingandbecoming,lustforlife,existenceinfatuation
Ditthasava,taintsofview,speculativementality,falseview,wrongbelief
Avijjasava,taintsofignorance,unawareness,nescience,blindness,delusion(moha)
Theknowledgeoftheendingordestructionofthetaintsisasavanamkhayanana
ThefourtypesofClinging(Upadana,Upadana),grasping,holdingorattachment.Thisalsocarriesthe
meaningofintakeoruptake,asoffuel,likeoilforalamp,ornutriment,forgoodorill.Itisaddingtoyourweight
orgravitas.(Wiki)
Kamupadana,clingingtosenses,cravingworldlythings
Ditthupadana,clingingtowrongviews,opinions,beliefs,orphilosophies
Silabbatupadana,clingingtorulesandritualswrongpractice,believingthesethings"willtakeyouthere."
Attavadupadana,clingingtoselfdoctrine,personalidentification,ideasofselfhood
ThefourBodilyTiesorBonds(Kayaganthas).ThesefourarealsofoundamongtheAkusalaCetasikas.
(More)
Abhijjakayagantha,Abhidya,craving,greed,covetousness
Vyapada,Vairiam,(orByapada)kayagantha,aversion,illwill,animosity,malice,anger,hatred,malevolence,
hostility,resistance,irritation
Silabattaparamasakatyagantha,clingingtorulesandritualswrongpractice.Insecurity.
Idamsaccabhinivesakayagantha,dogmatism,adherence,insistence
ThefiveHindrances(Nivarana,Nivarana),orobstructions,especiallytoRightEffort(SammaVayama)and
toRightMindfulness(SammaSati)ortomeditationingeneral.Sometimesignorance(avijja)isaddedasasixth
Hindrance.(Wiki)
Kamacchanda,Kamachanda,(sometimesAbhijja,Abhidya)sensualdesire,covetousness,cravingorseeking
pleasure.(More)
Vyapada(orByapada),VairamorDvesha(dosa),aversion,illwill,animosity,malice,anger,hatred,
malevolence,hostility,resistance,irritation.Synonymspatigha,pratigha,dosa,dvesha
Thinamiddha,Styanamiddha,sloth,lethargy,dullness,laxity,laziness,indolenceandmentaltorpor,
drowsiness,fadingout,sluggishness.Generallymentalinertia.
Uddhaccakukkucca,Auddhatyakaukritya,restlessness,distractedness,agitation,excitement,ebullience,
frivolity,flurryandremorse,regret,worry,anxiety,fretfulness,compunction,orbrooding.Generally
disquietude.
Vicikiccha,Vichikitsa,skepticaldoubt,uncertainty,indecision,perplexity,lackofconvictionortrust.Thisdoes
notrefertocriticalordiscriminatingintelligence,whichisencouragedinBuddhism.
Thefivehindrancesareovercomerespectivelybyonepointedness(ekaggata),exhilaration(piti),applied
thought,(vitakka),happiness(sukha)andsustainedthought(vicara).
ThesevenLatentTendencies(Anusayas,Anushayas),underlyingorinherentdispositions,conditioning,
proclivities,tendencies,obsessionsunconsciousmind,dormantmentalimpuritiesinclinations(aspotential
energy).Creaturesfromtheid.Someofthesearesharedwiththefetters(sayojanas),justbelow.(Wiki)and
(More)
KamaragaorKamatanha,Kamaraga,sensualpassion,desire,thirst,lust,greed,attachment,unskillfuldesire.
Paigha,Pratigha,aversion,anger,hostileattitude,repugnance,resistance,aggressiveurges
Ditthi,Drishti,Ditthi,Drishti,view,pointofview,perspective.outlook,opinion,belief,understanding.The
defaultvalueofthiswordisnegative:misinterpretation,prejudice,prejudgment,speculativeviews,dogma(or
Micchadithi,wrongviews,misunderstanding)
Vicikiccha,Vicikitsa,skepticaldoubt,uncertainty,indecision,lackofconvictionortrust
Mana,Mana,conceit,pride,vanity,intrusionofego,selfevaluation,socialcomparison,arrogance.Theterm
appliestolowselfesteemaswell.(Wiki)
BhavaragaorBhavatanha,Bhavaraga,cravingordesiretobeandbemore,egoisticurges,theragetobe
ThetenFetters(SamyojanasSannojanas),bondsorattachments,tyingbeingstothewheelofexistence
(samsara)andthecycleofrebirth.(Wiki)and(More)
Sakkayaditthi,Satkayadrishti,identityorpersonalityviewsorbelief,selfillusion,identificationofanykkanda
withself.SeethethreeConceits(Mana)ObsessionsorGraspings(Gaha)above
Vicikiccha,Vicikitsa,skepticaldoubt,uncertainty,indecision,lackofconvictionortrustnotthesameas
investigatingwithdiscernmentandareadinesstodismissbadideas.
Silabbataparamaso,Silavrataparimarsa,thebelief,attachmentorwronggraspinpreceptsandrules,rituals,
habits,practices,ceremonialobservancesbeliefthatthesewilltransportyou
OnewhohassucceededineradicatingthesefirstthreefettersisregardedaStreamentererorStreamwinner
(sotapanna,srotapanna).(Wiki)Thenextseven:
Kamaraga,orKamacchando,Kamaraga,sensualthirst,passion,desire,lust,greed,attachment,unskillful
desire
Vyapada(orByapada),VairamorDvesha(dosa),aversion,illwill,animosity,malice,anger,hatred,
malevolence,hostility,resistance,irritation.Synonymspatigha,pratigha,dosa,dvesha
Ruparaga,Ruparaga,cravingorpassionforsubstanceandform,rebirthonmaterialplanes
Aruparaga,Aruparaga,cravingorpassionfortheinsubstantial,immaterialorformlessphenomena,rebirthin
higherrealms
appliestolowselfesteemaswell.
Uddhacca,Auddhatya,restlessness,distractedness,agitation,excitement,ebullience,frivolity,flurry
Elsewhere,intheAbhidhammaPitaka,additionalfettersarementionedwhilesomeoftheaboveareomitted,
suchas:
Ditthi,Drishti,view,pointofview,perspective.outlook,opinion,belief,understanding.Thedefaultvalueof
thiswordisnegative:misinterpretation,prejudice,prejudgment,speculativeviews,dogma.
Patigha,Pratigha,anger,aversion,repugnance,revulsion,repulsion,resentment,resistancesensoryimpactor
impingement.Thisisoftenspecificallyinreactiontoanintense,offensiveoraggressivestimulus,maybe
subsequentresentmentorgrudge,givingitashadeofdistinctionfromdosa.
Bhavaraga,Bhavaraga,passionofbecoming,lustforexistence,desireforbecomingandrebirth
Issa,Irshya,jealousy,envy
Macchariya,Matsarya,stinginess,avarice,miserliness,selfishness
Therearechainsbywhichthesefettersarise,asatDN21:jealousyandavarice(issamacchariya)arisefrom
dearandnotdear(piyaappiya),thisfromdesire(chanda),thisfromthinking(vitakka),thisfromproliferation
(papanca)
ThetenDefilements(Kilesa,Klesha),impurities,passions,imperfections,corruptions,troubles,beginning
withthethreepoisons(tivisa,trivisa).(Wiki)
Lobha,Lobha,orRaga,Raga,craving,covetousness,thirst,desire,passion,lust,greed,attachment,unskillful
desire,selfcentereddesireformore.
rangeofhostilefeelings.Synonymsvyapadaandpatigha.
folly,sentimentality.
Ditthi,Drishti,view,pointofview,perspective.outlook,opinion,belief,understanding.Thedefaultvalueof
thiswordisnegative:misinterpretation,prejudice,prejudgment,speculativeviews,dogma(ormicchadithi,
wrongviews,misunderstanding)
Vicikiccha,Vicikitsa,skepticaldoubt,uncertainty,indecision,lackofconvictionortrust(Wiki)
Thina,Styana,sloth,lethargy,dullness,laxity,laziness,mentaltorpor
Uddhacca,Auddhatya,restlessness,distractedness,agitation,excitement,ebullience,flurry
Ahirika,Ahrykya,shamelessness,lackofconscienceormoralshame.(Wiki)
Anottappa,Anapatrapya,unconscientiousness,recklessness,disregardforconsequence,moralcarelessness.
(Wiki)
Mahayanaaddsmoretothelist:
Krodha,Kodha,anger,fury,rage(thatpreparestodoharm)
Upanaha,Upanaha,resentment,vengefulness,rancor,witholdingforgiveness,intendingtoharm
Mraksa,Makkha,concealment,slyness,hypocrisycontempt,denigration
Pradasa,Palasa,malice,spite,spitefulnessdomineering
Matsarya,Macchariya,stinginess,avarice,miserliness,selfishness
Sathya,Satheyya,dishonesty,hypocrisy,crookedness
Himsa,Vihimsa,harmfulness,cruelty,malice,intenttoharm,violence
TenUnwholesomeorDisadvantageousCoursesofAction(AkusalaKammapatha)
ThreeofBodilyAction(kayakamma)
Panatipatadestructionlife,injuringorkillinglivingbeings
Adinnadanatakingwhatisnotgiven,stealing
Kamesumicchacaramisconductinsensualpleasures
FourofVerbalAction(vacikamma)
Musavadalying,deceit,speakingfalsehood,falseorincorrecttalkorspeech
Pisunavacatalebearing,slander,backbiting,calumny,malicious,divisivetalkorspeech
Pharusavacaharsh,abusive,impolite,hurtful,insulting,sarcastic,offensivetalkorspeech
Samphappalapagossip,useless,frivolous,pointless,fruitless,senseless,shallow,silly,vain,idletalkor
speech,chatterandfoolishbabble
ThreeofMentalaction(manokamma)
Abhijjacraving,greed,covetousness
Vyapada,Vairiam(orByapada),aversion,illwill,animosity,malice,anger,hatred,malevolence,hostility,
resistance,irritation
Micchaditthi,Mithyadrishti,wrongviews,misbelief,misunderstanding
ElevenMentalImperfectionsorCorruptions(CittassaUpakkilesa,Upaklesa)MN128.(Wiki)
Vicikiccha,Vichikitsa,skepticaldoubt,uncertainty,indecision,lackofconvictionortrust
Amanasikara,inattention,inadvertence
ThinaMiddha,Styanamiddha,sloth,lethargy,dullness,laxity,lazinessandmentaltorpor,drowsiness,fading
out,sluggishness
Chambhitatta,fear,trepidation
Ubbilla,elationorexcitement
Dutthulla,inertiaorinaction
Accaraddhaviriya,excessiveeffortorexcessofenergy
Atilinaviriya,weakeffortordeficiencyofenergy
Abhijappa,longingordesire
Nanattasanna,perceptionofdiversity
Atinijjhayitattamrupanam,excessivemeditationuponforms
SixteenMentalImperfectionsorCorruptions(CittassaUpakkilesa,Upaklesa)MN3,7.3,9.15.Alistof
unwholesomementalfactors(akusalacetasikas)intheAbidhammatraditionisgivenatCetasikas,Caitasikas,
inthenextsection.(Wiki)
Abhijjhavisamalobha,covetousnessandunrighteousgreed
Vyapada,Vairiam(orByapada),aversion,illwill,animosity,malice,anger,hatred,malevolence,hostility,
resistance,irritation.Synonymspatigha,pratigha,dosa,dvesha
Kodha,Krodha,anger,fury,rage(thatpreparestodoharm).(Wiki)
Upanaha,Upanaha,resentment,vengefulness,rancor,witholdingforgiveness,intendingtoharm.(Wiki)
Makkha,Mraksa,concealment,slyness,hypocrisycontempt,denigration
Palasa,Pradasa,malice,spite,spitefulnessdomineering
Issa,Irshya,jealousy,envy,notenduringtheprosperityofothers
Macchariya,Matsarya,stinginess,selfishness,avarice
Maya,Maya,pretense,deceit,hypocrisy,illusion
Satheyya,Sathya,fraud,craftiness
Thambha,obstinacy,obduracy,stubbornness
Sarambha,presumption,impetuousness,precipitousness,rashness
Atimana,Atimana,arrogance,extremeselfregard
Mada,Mada,pride,vanity,intoxication
Pamada,Pramada,heedlessness,carelessness,unconcern,negligence
OthersfromMahayana
Styana,Thina,sloth,lethargy,dullness,laxity,laziness
Auddhatya,Uddhacca,restlessness,distractedness,agitation,excitement,ebullience,flurry
Asraddhya,Assadha,lackoffaith,lackoftrust
Kausidya,Kosajja,laziness,slothfulness
Musitasmrtita,Mutthasacca,forgetfulness,absenceofmindfulness
Asamprajanya,Avivekita(orVicarahinata),inattentiveness,disregard,thoughtlessness
Vikshepa,Vikkhepa,distraction,confusion,desultoriness
Kaukritya,Kukkucca,remorse,regret,worry,anxiety,fretfulness,compunction,orbrooding
VI.GlossaryofTermsinCategories
***************************************************************************************
ArisingandPassingAway(Anicca)
Attachment(Upadana)
Aversion,IllWillandDenial(VyapadaorByapada)
Concentration(Samadhi)
Conduct(Kammanta,Sila)
Craving,DesireandAddiction(Tanha)
DetachmentandEquanimity(Upekkha)
Effort(Vayama)andEnergy(Viriya)
IdentityandExistence(Atta)
Intention(Sankappa)
Investigation(Vicaya)
Mindfulness(Sati)
MindandConsciousness(Citta,Mano,Vinnana)
MindFunctions(Cetasikas,Caitasikas)
PeopleonthePath(Patthetu)
PleasantStates(Sukkha,Kusala)
RealityandIllusion(Yathabhuta,Maya)
Rebirth(Punabhava)
UnpleasantStates(Dukkha,Akusala)
View(Ditthi,Drishti)
Worlds(Loka,Loka)
***************************************************************************************
ArisingandPassingAway(Anicca)
Fourstatesarerepresentedinthiscategory:beingconditioned,arising,existingandpassingaway.
abhinibbattitobecome,bereproduced,toresult
abhisankhataconditioned
anabhavaobliteration
anantarapaccayaproximatecause
antaradhanadisappearance
aparisesanirujjhanticeasingwithoutremainder
atthangamaannihilation,disappearance,passingaway,settingdownoppositesamudaya,cominginto
existtence
bhangadissolution,apparentsolidityarisingandpassingaway,momentofcessation
cutipassingaway,vanishing,expiration,death
hetucause,origin,reason
hetuphalacauseandeffect,rootandfruit
hetu,paccaya,phalacauses,conditionsandeffects
idappaccayataspecificconditionality,causerelatedtoeffect,asinscience
mularoot,source,origin,condition,cause
nicca,nitya,constant,perpetual,permanent
nijjaraattrition,wearingaway
nirodha,nirodhacessation,eradication,extinction,disbanding,stopping,destruction,dissolution
nissitadependent
pabhavaproduction,origin,source
pabhavikaarisingfrom
paccapatthanamanifestation
paccayacause,condition,requisite,relation
padatthanam,proximatecause
palokadisintegration
parihanadecline
parinibburtoextinguished
pariyadanaexhaustion
purecarikaprecursor
sammosadecay
samudayacomingintoexistence,arisingcause,origin
sankhata,samskritaformed,conditionedassankharas
thitistability,maintenance,continuation,perpetuation
udayabbayariseandfall
udayavayaarisingandpassingaway
upadayaderivedfrom,clingingto
uppada,thiti,bhangaarising,existenceorpresenceandceasing
uppadakhana,titthikhana,bhangakhanaarising,presentanddissolutionmoments
uppajjantiarise
uppannaarisen
vayavanishing,going,passingaway
vippayuttapaccayadissociationcondition
vupasama,subsiding
vutthanarisingup,emergence
***************************************************************************************
Attachment(Upadana)
ajjhosanaholding,seecraving
alayaadhesion,attachment,indulgence
anurodhavirodhalikesanddislikes
anurodhavirodhamsampannoattachmentandresentment,attractionandrepulsion
avisanaobsession,seizure
bandhabond
bandhanabondage
gahaseizure,grip
nikantiattachment,attraction
pariggahapossession
parimasagrasping
paritassanaconnotesbothfearorworryandcravingorgrasping,agitation,uddhacca
pariyutthanaobsession
raganusayapatighanusayagreedandhatred
ratidelight,attachment
saragaattachment,infatuation
sarajjatibyapajjatiattractionandrepulsion
upadana,upadana,clinging,grasping,holdingorattachmentintakeoruptake,asoffuel,likeoilforalamp,or
nutriment,forgoodorill.Addingtoyourweightorgravitas.
upadhi,attachments,objectsofattachmentalsosubstrate,basis,ground,essentialsofexistence
upaya,upaya,oneoftheParamitasofMahayana,skillfulorrightmeansormethodattractedengagement,which
elsewherecarriesthenegativeconnotationofattachmentorinvolvement.
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Aversion,IllWillandDenial(VyapadaorByapada)
analayaaversion,freeofattachment
anurodhapativirodha,attractionandaversion,favoringandopposing
appiyattaresentment,invidiousness,envy
arati,distaste,dislike,aversion,boredom,discontent
asahanaresentment,nonendurance,intolerance
dosa,dvesha,aversion,hatred,anger,aggression,fearofgettingwhatwedon'twantornotgettingwhatwewant,
avoidance,rejection,awilltobeseparate,fromunwisecontemplationofrepulsiveobjects.Coversawiderange
ofhostilefeelings.Synonymsvyapadaandpatigha.
dukkhapaikulaavoidanceofsuffering
nibbidadisenchantment,wearinessanddisgust
paccakkhana,contradiction,disavowal,renouncement,repudiation,rejection
parammukhataaversion
patigha,pratigha,anger,aversion,repugnance,revulsion,repulsion,resentment,resistancesensoryimpactor
impingement.Thisisoftenspecificallyinreactiontoanintense,offensiveoraggressivestimulus,maybe
subsequentresentmentorgrudge,givingitashadeofdistinctionfromdosa.
paikkhepa,pratigha,denigration,impugnment,refusal,objection,negation
upanaha,upanaha,resentment,vengefulness,rancor,witholdingforgiveness,intendingtoharm
vimukhatareluctance
viragaabsenceofpassion,dispassion,disinterestedness
vyapada,vairam,(orbyapada)aversion,illwill,animosity,malice,anger,malevolence,hatred,hostility,
resistance,irritation.
Someversionsofnegativeresponseareusedpositively:
asubhaunattractiveness,loathsomeness,foulness,ugliness.Thisisoftenusedasameditationtobreakthespells
ofkamaraga.
nibbida,nirvedh,disenchantment,weariness,dispassionfrequentlytobecultivatedwithouttheaversion,
revulsionanddisgustconnotations
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Concentration(Samadhi)
appanaabsorptionconcentration
avikhepponondistraction
bhavanameditation,attentiveconcentration,includessamathaandvipassana,mentalculture,makingto
become,selfdevelopment,mentaldevelopment
ekaggata,ekagrata,unification,onenessofmindandobject(jhana,dhyana)
ekaggattarammanaonepointednessofmind,concentration,singlenessofpreoccupation,focus
kasinaobjectsofmeditationormeditationdevice,field
nimitta,image,vision,mentalsignarisinginmeditation,markorsigntakenup
samadhi,samadhi,mentalconcentration,concentrativeabsorption.
samapattimeditativeattainment,sustaineddeepabsorption
samyamabinding,holdingtogether,fixationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samyama
upacarasamadhi,accessconcentration,thestagebeforejhana
upacara,access
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Conduct(Kammanta,Sila)
accayatransgression
adhammainjustice,unrighteousconduct
apattidesanaconfessionofwrongdoing,infractions,offensesorfaults
atthacariyawiseconduct,alsogoodcounsel
caranabydefaultusuallyimpliesgoodconductorgoodbehavior
carita,character,behavior
duccaritamisconduct,misbehavior
sucaritagoodconduct
carittaperformance,practice,observance
dhammavinayadoctrineanddiscipline,Buddha'snameforBuddhism
hiriottappanegativeconscience,avoidanceofshameandcensure
hiriyatiscruples
kamesumicchacarasensual/sexualmisconduct
micchacaramisconduct
micchatawrongness
pakati,prakritinature,behaviorallynormal,withoutcrisis,natural,adefaultstateofaffairs,inherentmorality
paccha,pasca,contrition,repentance,remorse
panatipatadestructionoflife,injuringorkillinglivingbeings
pamada,pramadaheedlessness,carelessness,unconcern,negligence.Intoxicantsthatleadtothisbluntthesenses
ofhiriandottappa,moralshameanddread(AN2.312)
papasilawickedorevilbehavior
parajikadefeat.TherearefourrulesthatleadtoexpulsionfromtheSanghaforlife,againstsexualconduct,theft,
murderandboastingofsupernaturalpowers
punna,punya,worth,goodcharacter,meritoriousdeeds,wellbeingfromrightaction
samacaraconduct,behavior
samyamaselfcontrol,restraint,temperance,moderation
sativepullappattahavingattainedaclearconscience
silavirtue,virtuousbehaviorvuddhasilamaturevirtue
silabattarulesandvows
sucaritagoodconduct
varittaavoidance,restraint
veyyavaccaservice,renderinghelp
vijjacaranaknowledgeandconduct
vippatisarabadconscience,regret,repentance
vivekabuddhiconscience,senseofdiscrimination
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Craving,DesireandAddiction(Tanha)
abhijja,abhidya,craving,greed,covetousness,particularlyforother'spropertyclosesttolobhainmeaning
amisaworldlyorcarnalhappiness,thebait
anuyogapursuit,devotion,givento
assadagratification,attraction,savor,relish,esp.oftasteapparentenjoyment,satisfaction
calamatthenatanhatremblingwithdesire,cravingwithrespecttothethrill
chandausuallyregardedasthepositiveformofdesire,want,will,zealwishtodo,desiretoact,seeagainat
intention.Combinedwithkamaaskamacchandaitbecomescravenness.
chandamulakarootedindesire
dhammatanhacravingformindobjects,apttooverspeculate
ejapassion,stirring
icchawish,desire,longing
kama,kama,pleasure,sensoryorsensualpleasure,longing,lust.Kamacanmeanbothsensepleasuresandthe
desireforsensepleasure
kamachandasensualdesire,cravenness
kamalokaworld,realmorplaneofdesire
kamaragasensualpassion
labhasakkarasilokagainhonorpraise
lobha,lobha,craving,covetousness,thirst,desire,passion,lust,greed,attachment,unskillfuldesire,selfcentered
desireformore.
mahicchadiscontented,noteasilysatisfied,havingmanydesires
nandidelightasanaspectoftanha,oppositeofrevulsionnibbida
natiinclinationbending,bent
nikantidesire,craving,longingfor
parilahafever,burningpassion,obscenedesire,lust
paritassanaconnotesbothfearorworryandcravingorgrasping,agitation,uddhacca
pariyesanaquest.Adiversityofquestsfollowsadiversityofpassions
patthanalonging,hankering
pema,premaloveandaffectionasattachment:carnallove,selfishaffectionatedesire
ragapassiondesire,lustforexcitement,rage
rati,abhiratidelight,attachmenttopleasure
saragamcittamlustfulmind
tanha,trishna,desire,cravingorthirst,butincludingthedesiretobeseparatedfromnoxiousstimuli.Theactual
wantingmoreandwantingless.
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DetachmentandEquanimity(Upekkha)
abyapadanonaversion,absenceofillwill
adhivasanaendurance,forbearance
adukkhamasukhaneitherpainfulnorpleasant
alobhaabsenceofcraving,nonattachment,generosity
analayanondesire,freedomfromattachment,unattachment,unadhesion
anupadavimokkhaliberationthroughnotclinging
anupayaunattracted
appanihitawishlessness,desirelessness
aratiunattachment,abstinencecanalsomeandistaste,revulsion
atammayatanonidentification,notconsistingofthatseegaha
avirodhanonresistance,nonobstruction,nonopposition,nonantagonism
cetovimuttiliberationofheartand/ormind
mokkha,moksha,release,freedom,emancipation
muttifreedom
nibbida,nirvedh,disenchantment,weariness,dispassion,frequentlytobecultivatedwithouttheaversion,
revulsionanddisgustconnotations
nissarana,goingout,cessation,escape,salvation,beingfreed
paricagga,giveup,renouncebestow,donate
patinissaggarelinquishment
patisallanaseclusion,solitude,retirementforcontemplation
pavivekaseclusion,retirement,solitude
samatikkamatranscendence
tatramajjhattataneutrality,specificneutrality,evenmindednessdistinctfromindifference,largerframe,big
picture
upekkhaequanimity,equipoise,onlooking
vimokkhaemancipation,liberation,asprogressive
vimutti,muktiorvyamokh,emancipation,freedom,deliverance,salvation,release
viraga,vairagya,fadingofpassions,detachment,dispassion,noraga,lettinggo
vivekadetachment,seclusion,separation,aloofness,physicalandmentalmodes
vossaggadetachment,renunciation,abandonment
yannasacrifice,almsgiving
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Effort(Vayama)andEnergy(Viriya)
aharanutriment,nutrition
aharatthitikamaintenanceorperpetuationbynutriment
appativaniunremittingness
atapi,ardent
chanda,usuallyregardedasamorepositiveorvalueneutralformofdesire,wishtodo,desiretoact,want,will,
purpose,zeal.Chandaappearsatdesireandintentionaswell.
damaselfcontrol,taming,subduing
dhiticourage,energy,steadfastness,fortitude,firmcharacter
nikkamaendeavor,exertion,strength,endurance
padhanaeffort,striving,exertion,endeavor(vayama)fundamental,basic,principal
padahatistriving
parakkamaexertion,endeavor,effort,bravery,valor
payatanastriving,effort,endeavor
samvega,negativerealization,rudeawakening,achasteningexperienceofthewrongness,futility,shallowness,
meaninglessness,pointlessness,riskinessandprecariousnessofcommonlife,one'spriorlifeorphaseoflife.An
anxioussenseofurgencytofindabetterway.Disgust,anxiety,agitationareligiousemotion,spiritualurgency.
Beingmovedtothecoreofone'sbeing.(More)
sataccaperseverance
thamafortitude
ussahati(lessinformedthanpadahana)
vayamastriving,effort
viriyavigor,energy,effort,exertion,persistence
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IdentityandExistence(Atta)
asmiIam
atta,atmantheapparentultimateindividualorspiritualidentity
attabhavaindividualexistence,individuality,personality,selfhood
attabhavapatiabhaacquisitionofindividuality
attanuditthiselfview
attapatilabha,acquiredself
attavadatheoryofsoul,selfdoctrine
ayulife,lifespan,vitality
bhava,bhava,(processof)becomingorbeingasaverb,existenceasstandingout,growthforitsownsake,
maturation
bhutaentity,being
itthatathisstateofbeing,individualexistenceassuch
jiva(illusionof)soul,individualsoullife,vitalprinciple,
jivitalife,lifeforce,kineticenergyoflife,vitality,coherence
jivitindriya,jivitindriya,lifefaculty(Wiki)
manusahuman
pajageneration,thewholeorderofbeings,evolution
pana,pranalivingbeing,breathingbeing
puggalaindividual,personality,person
sakkayaperson,personality,identity
santanacontinuity,flux,succession,offspring
santaticontinuity
satta,sattva,sentientbeings(Wiki)
***************************************************************************************
Intention(Sankappa)
adhimokkha,adhyavasayhoranumatra,resolution,determination,firmresolve,volition,decision,decisiveness,
conviction,choiceofobjectsofattention
adhimuccatitoresolveupon,beintenton
abhinihararesolution
adhippayapurport,intention
adhitthanaresolution,resolve,determination,aspiration,decision,selfdetermination
cetana,cetana,volition,intention,drive,inherentimpulse(asopposedtoexternalgoals),actofwilling
cetanabalapowerofvolition
chanda,usuallyregardedasthepositiveformofdesire,wishtodo,desiretoact,want,will,purpose,zeal
kattukamyatachandawishtodo,glossofchanda
pahitattadedicatedintention,resolution,determination
sancetanavolition
sankappa,sankalpa,intention,thought,aim,commitment,purpose,aspiration,mindset,plan,motiveorresolve
ussahati,willing,applyingwill,comparestriving
votthabbanadecision
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Investigation(Vicaya)
adhippayasadisparity
anupassanacontemplationof
anvayainference,tracingacourseorsequence,followingacausalchain
atappafocusedinvestigation,ardency,ardor
atthapatisambhidhaanalyticalinsight
bhavanamayapannawisdomfrommentalcultivation
dhammatthitinanaknowledgeofrealizationofstates,knowledgeofstructureofideas
dhammavicaya,dharmavicharana,investigationofstates
esanasearches,valueneutral
nana,jnanaknowledge,comprehension,wisdom,insight.Knowledgeexperienced.
nanadassana,knowledgeseenknowledgeandvision
nepakkadiscretion,prudence
nijjhanapondering,insight
paccayapariggahadiscernmentofconditionsorconditionedstates
patibhanaingenuity,readywit,promptitude,readiness
patisambhidaanalyticalknowledge
sammasanaexploration,comprehension(esp.intermsofanicca,dukkhaandanatta)
sampajanna,samprajanya,clearcomprehension,discrimination,fullawareness
takkavithireasoning,usinglogic,canbehairsplittingorsophistry
thanalogic,reasonableness
tulanascrutiny,deliberation,weighing
ugghatitannuswiftunderstanding
vicaya,vicharana,discrimination,discriminatinginvestigation
vijja,vidyaknowledge,sciencetrue,clearandworkingknowledge,oppositeofignorance(avijja)
vijana,vijanaknowing,understanding
vimamsainvestigation,inquiry,search
vyattuccaranaarticulation
SeventeenStagesofInsightKnowledge(Vipassana):
Knowledgeofnamarupa,distinguishingbetweenmentalandphysicalstates(namarupaparicchedanana)
Knowledgeofconditionality,thecauseandeffectrelationshipbetweenmentalandphysicalstates(paccaya
pariggahanana)
Knowledgeofmentalandphysicalprocessesasimpermanent,unsatisfactoryandnonself(sammasananana)
Knowledgeofthearisingandpassingaway(udayabbayanana)
Knowledgeofthepassingaway,decayanddissolutionofformations(bhanganana)
Knowledgeofthefearsomenatureofmentalandphysicalstates(bhayanana)
Knowledgeofthedangerordisadvantageousnatureofmentalandphysicalstates(adinavanana)
Knowledgeofdisenchantment(nibbidanana)
Knowledgeofthedesiretoabandontheworldlystateforfreedom(muncitukamayatanana)
Knowledgeoftheneedforreflectionandconsideration(patisankhanana)
Knowledgeofequanimitytowardsmentalandphysicalstateswith(sankharupekkhanana)
Knowledgeoftheinsightofemergenceorarising(vutthanagaminivipassananana)
Knowledgeofadaptationorconformingtothetrue(anulomanana)
Knowledgeofdeliverancefromthelineageofconditions(gotrabhunana)
Knowledgeofthepathtotheendofthedefilements(magganana)
Knowledgeofthefruitionofthepath,withnibbanaasobject(phalanana)
Knowledgewhichreviewsorreflectsontheremainingdefilements(paccavekkhananana)
***************************************************************************************
MindandConsciousness(Citta,Mano,Vinnana)
Citta,Citta,thementalapprehensionofordinaryconsciousness,attendingandcollectingimpressions,mindset
andstateofmind,attitudethatwhichknowsorexperiencesanobject,qualityofmentalprocessesasawhole,
thought,notitselfanentityorprocess.Itisbothheartandmind,withemotionalandrationalelements,thefull
experienceofaconsciousstate,andsoiscognatewiththeChineseXn.FromthePaliwordcinteti,thinking.A
cittaisamomentintimeofmind,astatewithinastreamofmomentaryexperiences.Cittasarealwayscognizing
anobject,adhammaorobjectarisinginthemind,accompaniedbyoneormoreofthefiftytwocetasikas,
caitasikas,mentalprocessesorfunctions,specializedtasks.Certaincetasikascanbefundamentallywholesome,
othersfundamentallyunwholesome.Cittawithitscetasikas,aretogethercallednama,mentality,withtheroot
meaningofname.(Wiki)and(Wiki)
cittavithiconsciousnessasanactiveprocess
cittatthitisteadinessofconsciousness
cittasankharamentalformation
vithicittaactiveconsciousness
vipakacittaresultantconsciousness
kirityacittafunctionalconsciousness
avimuttacittaunliberatedmind
cittecaggataunificationoronepointednessofmind
cittakammanatafitnessoftheworkofthemind
cittenamentallysuffixforanattitudeormentality
adhicittahigherconsciousness
adhicittasikkhatraininghighermind
cittuppadathought,thoughtarising,inclinationofmind,mentalarising
cetomind,heart,will
cetokhila,barrennessofheart
cetopariyapenetrationofminds
bodhicitta,bodhichittaawakenedmind
Mano,Manas,intellectormindsensethatgraspsmentalobjects,thefacultyofthought,mentalapprehension
orprehensilemind,intelligence,subjectwithobject.(Wiki)
amanasikara,inattention,inadvertence
manasikara,manasikara,attention,advertence(Wiki)
mannanaconceiving,conception
mannatitoconceive,oftendistortionalthinking,likeconcoct
mannitaconceivings,mentalfabrications,productsofpapanca
manomayamindmade,"astral"body,outofbodyexperience
manopavicaramentalexploration,appliedandsustainedthought
manosancetanaharamentalvolitionasnutriment
manovinnanamindconsciousness
Vinnana,Vijnana,consciousness,cognizance,cognition,awareness,consciousdiscrimination,asfigure
ground(Wiki)
vinnanasotam,vijnanasrotam,streamofconsciousness
samvattanikavinnana,evolvingconsciousness
manovinnana,mindconsciousness,consciousnesswithphenomena
Alayavijnanastoreconsciousness,containingthesuchnessofthings,aMahayanadoctrine(Wiki)
Miscellaneous
suffixforawarenessorknowledgeof_____nana
namainnamarupa,name,alsonamesthefourkhandasthatarenotrupamentalphenomena,alsousedasa
collectivetermforvedana,sanna,cetana,phassa,andmanasikara
sankhittacontractedmind
sampajanna,samprajanya,alertness,presenceofmind,fullawareness,clearcomprehension
samjananarecognition,functionofperception
vijanatitocognize,know,recognize
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Mindfulness(Sati)
adhimokkha,adhyavasayhoranumatra,resolution,determination,firmresolve,volition,decision,choiceof
objectsofattention
anapanasati,anapanasmriti,breathingmeditation,mindfulnessofbreath,withoutcontrolofbreath
anussaticontemplation,recollection,remembrance
appamadaheedfulness,diligence,conscientiousness,care,similartosati,butalsoconnotesdiligence,non
neglectofsati,zest
asatiasampajannanonrestraint,unmindfulwithoutcomprehension
assasapassasainbreathingandoutbreathing
bhavanameditation,attentiveconcentration,includessamathaandvipassana,mentalculture,makingto
become,selfdevelopment,mentaldevelopment
cintareflection
jagariyawakefulness,awakenedstate,vigilance
kammatthanasubjectsofmeditation,workingground,startingpoint
kasinascontemplationdevices
mutthasacca,musitasmrtita,forgetfulness,absenceofmindfulness
mutthasatiunmindful,forgetful,dizzy
parivitakkareflection,consideration
sati,smriti,mindfulness,attentiverecollection,awareness
satimawatchfulnessofmind,vigilance
satipatthanaattendanceon,presence,awareness
satisampajannaclearcomprehensionwithdiscernmentofimpermanence,mindfulnessofarisingandpassing
away
udayattagaminipannadiscernmentofarisingandpassingaway
yonisomanasikaracarefulattention,systematicattention
ayonisomanasikaraiscarelessattention)
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MindFunctions(Cetasikas,Caitasikas)(Wiki)
MentalFactors,discernibleactivitiesofthemind,Cittavithi
TheSevenUniversalorOmnipresentcetasikasorMentalProcesses(sabbacittasadharana),saidto
accompanyallcittas,everywakingstateofmind.
Phassa,Sparsha,contact,initialconnectionbetweenmindandobject,firstnotice
Vedana,Vedana,(sukha,dukkha,somanassa,domanassa,upekkha)feeling,rawexperience
Sanna,Samjna,perception,remembrance,notingthemostsalientfeaturesofasenseormentalobject,
assignmentofqualitiesastagsorhandles
Cetana,Cetana,volition,stimulus,motive,drive,directing,coordinating,purposiveness,defaultcanbe
apperceptiveinertia,givesdirectiontokamma
Ekaggata,Ekagrata,onepointedness,focus,narrowing,concentration,splittingfigurefromground
Jivitindriya,Jivitindriya,lifefaculty,vitality,vitalforceofmentalfactor,psyche'sliveliness
Manasikara,Manasikara,attention,advertence,bringingtomind,reflection,linkingobjectwithmind
yonisomanasikaradeep,systematicorthoroughgoingattentionMN43
ayonisomanasikarashallow,unsystematicreflection
ThesixParticularorOccasional(Pakinnaka)Cetasikas
Vitakka,Vitarka,appliedthought,initialthought,hittingupon,mountingthemindontoitsobject,thoughtof
___,
Vicara,Vichara,sustainedthought,discursivethinking,continuesthethoughtfromonemomenttothenext,
examination,contextualplacementoranchoringofthought.
Adhimokkha,AdhyavasayhorAnumatra,resolution,determination,firmresolve,volition,decision,
decisiveness,conviction,choiceofobjectsofattention
Viriya,Virya,energy,drive,urge,urgency,charge,thefunctionofdriving,urging,charging,marshaling,
supporting
Piti,Priti,exhilaration,elation,ecstasy,rapture,joy,bliss,delight,zest,refreshment,enthusiasm
Chanda,Chanda,desiretoact,wishtodo,zeal
ThefourteenUnwholesome(Akusala)Cetasikas
folly,sentimentality
Ahirika,Ahrykya,shamelessness,lackofconscienceormoralshame
Anottapparecklessness,disregardofblame,disregardofconsequence
Uddhaccarestlessness,agitation,excitement,mentaldistraction
Lobha,Lobha,craving,covetousness,thirst,desire,passion,lust,greed,attachment,unskillfuldesire,self
centereddesireformore.
Ditthi,Drishti,(wrong)view,pointofview,perspective.outlook,opinion,belief,understanding.Thedefault
valueofthiswordisnegative:misinterpretation,prejudice,prejudgment,speculativeviews,dogma.
Dosa,Dvesha,aversion,negativeresponse,hatred,anger,illwill,aggression,fearofgettingwhatwedon'twant
ornotgettingwhatwewant,avoidance,rejection,awilltobeseparate.Synonymsvyapadaandpatigha
Issa,Irshya,envy,jealousy,notenduringtheprosperityofothers,oppositemudita.
Macchariya,Matsarya,stinginess,miserliness,avarice,concealingandhoarding,possessiveness,meanness.
(Wiki)
Kukkucca,Kaukritya,regret,remorse,worry,bothofcommissionandomission,whatifs
Thina,Styana,sloth,stolidity,absenceofstriving,lackofenergy,indisposition
Middha,Middha,torpor,languor,drowsiness,lethargy,lackofconsciousness,inertia
Vicikiccha,Vichikitsa,doubt,indecision,uncertainty,vacillation,wavering,paralysis
ThetwentyfiveBeautiful(Sobhana)Cetasikas.Threeareroots(sobhanahetus):alobha,adosaandpanna.
Saddha,Sraddha,confidence,faith,confidenceandconfiding
Sati,Smriti,mindfulness,attentiverecollection,awareness
Hiri,Hri,moralshame,disgustwithevil,dominatedbyselfrespect,dignity,conscience,proximateconditionof
selfrespect
Ottappa,Apatrapya,fearofevilconsequence,moraldread,proximateconditionofrespectforothers
Alobha,Alobha,absenceofgreed,nonattachment,generosity
Adosa,Advesha,nonaversion,absenceofhatredorantipathy,goodwill
Tatramajjhittata,balanceofmind,equilibration,evenmindedness,impartiality,neutralityofmind,equanimity
(upekkha)
Kayapassaddhi,tranquility,composureofmentalbody
Cittapassaddhi,tranquility,composureofconsciousness
Kayalahuta,lightness,buoyancy,agilityofmentalbody
Cittalahuta,lightness,buoyancy,agilityofconsciousness
Kayamuduta,softness,malleability,adaptability,pliancyofmentalbody
Cittamuduta,softness,malleability,adaptability,pliancyofconsciousness
Kayakammannata,readiness,wieldiness,adaptability,efficiencyofmentalbody
Cittammannata,readiness,wieldiness,adaptability,efficiencyofconsciousness
Kayapagunnata,proficiency,competence,vigororfitnessofmentalbody
Cittapagunnata,proficiency,competence,vigororfitnessofconsciousness
Kayujukata,straightness,uprightness,rectitudeofmentalbody
Cittujukata,straightness,uprightness,rectitudeofconsciousness
SammaVacaSamyagVak,rightspeech,alternately,abstinencefromwrongspeech
SammaKammanta,SamyakKarmanta,rightaction,alternately,abstinencefromwrongaction
SammaAjiva,SamyagAjiva,rightlivelihood,meansofsubsistence,alternately,orfromwronglivelihood
Karuna,Karuna,compassion,sympathyormercy,gentleaffection,aspirationtobetrulyhelpful
Mudita,Mudita,appreciative,altruistic,sympatheticorempatheticjoy,gladnessorjoyinanother'ssuccess,
wellbeingorhappiness
Panna,Prajna,wisdom,discernment,intelligencealsousedforcommonsense,ingenuityamoha
ThoughtProcess(Cittavithi),ortheriseandfallofthoughts.Cittasinvolvedinthesensedoorandminddoor
process.Thearisingandputtingawayofsenseandmindobjects.
"Weareconfrontedwithaphenomenon,andthroughoneormoreofthesensesitisnoticedasanobject.The
mindreceivesthesenseimpression,proceedstoinvestigateit,andcomestoadecisioninregardtoitwhichmay
leadtoimpulsivenonvolitionalaction,ortodeliberatevolitionalaction,andthentheincidentisregisteredasa
memoryandsinksdownintothesubconsciousandsoaconceptisborn.Infuture,awordorwordswillbeused
todescribetheexperience."Knight
ThestreamofBhavanga:mindasthegroundofbecoming,subconscious,stream,lifecontinuum.Vithicittais
theconsciousnessofthecognitiveseries.Khanikavadotheoryofmomentariness,realityinastringoftiny
pulses.Tittihikhanaamomentofmind,thesinglemotionpictureframe,differentfromthosebeforeandafter.
Thecognitiveseries:
Atitabhavangapastbhavanga,pastlifecontinuum
Bhavangacalanavibratingofthebhavanga
Bhavangaupacchedaarrestofthebhavanga,arisingofthesensibleorperceptible
Pancaadvaravajjanacittafivesensedoorconsciousness,advertence,adverting(turningtowards)
consciousness(avajjana)searchingforthesource(sense)ofdisturbanceofbhavanga
Pancavinnanacittathefivesenses,senseconsciousness
Sampaticchanacittareceivingconsciousness,theminddooradvertingconsciousness(manodvarajjana
citta)
Santiranacittainvestigatingconsciousness,probesforpleasantunpleasantness,priortodecision
Votthabbanacittadeterminingconsciousness,decision
Javanacittassevenmomentsofapperception,impulse,oncontact,lit.running(seevedana)
Tadalambanacittastwomomentsofretentionorregisteringconsciousness
(Streamof)Bhavanga.(Wiki)
***************************************************************************************
PeopleonthePath(Patthetu)
Andsomeoftheiraspirations
akinsanaonewhoownsnothing
anagariyahomelessness
arahant,Arhat,worthyone,accomplishedone
ariya,arya,honorable,nobleones
asamsaggaaloofnessfromsociety
Avalokitesvara,bodhisattvaofcompassion,feminizedasGuanYin(attendsthecries),abodhisattva
conceivedasmercifultothoseinspecialneed.
bodhienlightenment,awakening
cetopariyananaintuitionandtelepathy
dibbacakkhudivineeye,ahigherorderofseeing
dibbasotadivineear,ahigherorderofhearing
iddhiriddhi,siddhipowers,potency,accomplishmentpsychicorspiritualpower(s)(balani)
bhikku,bhikkuni,bhiksu,bhiksuni,monksandnuns
pabajja,pravrajya,goingforth,ordination,intothehomelesslife
pandita,vinnuwiseperson,master,doctor,teacher,pundit
parinibbanathefinalendofanenlightenedbeing
parisuddhaclean,sublime,sacred,purified
patisandhirecollectionofpastlives
pattanumodanarejoicinginanother'smerit
patthetuseeker,candidate,aspirant
pattidanagivingortransferenceofmerit
pavivekasolitude,seclusion,retirement
sacchikiriyarealization,experiencing
samanaacontemplative,wanderer,asceticsuppression
sappurisapersonofintegrity,agood,worthy,superiorperson
sappurisadhammacharacteristicsofagreatortrueman
sarana,saranar,refuge,shelterm,sanctuary
sikkhatraining,discipline,study
sikkhapadapreceptoftraining,discipline,study
simhanadalion'sroar,thecogentvoiceofspiritualauthority
sota,srotas,stream
sotapannastreamenterer,streamwinner,onehavingabandonedthefirstthreefetters
sotapattistreamentry
suddhipurity
tunhibhavasilenceariyatunhibhavanoblesilence
vinayarulesoftheBuddhistorder,discipline
visuddhipurification,excellence,rectitude
***************************************************************************************
PleasantStates(Sukkha,Kusala)
anudayasympathy,compassion,kindness
anukampabenevolence,compassion,tenderconcern
aveccappasadaconfirmedconfidence,testedfaith
kalyanafortunate,happy,advantageous,pleasant
karunacompassion,sympathyormercy,gentleaffection,aspirationtobetrulyhelpful
katannutohavethesenseofwhathasbeendoneknowingorrecognitionofwhathasbeendoneforyou
SN48:10
katannutathankfulness,gratitude,gratefulness
katannutakatavedagratitudeanditsreciprocity,beingthankful,withreadinesstoshowappreciationandreturn
kindness
khamanasila,khama,ortitikkha,forgiveness,willingnesstoletgoofanger,resentmentorvengefulness.
Khantiissometimesused,butthisisclosertoacceptanceortolerance.
metta,maitri,lovingkindness,love,goodwill,friendship,fraternallove,bestowinghappiness,amity,or
benevolence,withoutdesiretopossess
pamojjajoy,gladness,relief,exhultation,exhilaration
passaddhi,tranquility,calmorrelaxation,rest,arisingfromenthusiasm,confidence,brightness,serenityofmind
pema,premaloveandaffectionasattachment:carnallove,selfishaffectionatedesire
piti,priti,exhilaration,elation,ecstasy,rapture,joy,bliss,delight,zest,refreshment,enthusiasm.5levels,from
thelowest:minor(orgoosebumps)rapturemomentaryraptureshoweringraptureupliftingrapturepervadingor
fulfillingrapture
piya,priyaendearment(canbetroubleifclingingattachmentisinvolved)
santi,shanti,peace,calm,tranquility,passaddhi
santosacontentment,pleasure,satisfaction
santutthicontentment,satisfaction
satacomfort,ease
somanassa,saumanasya,mentalpleasure,joy,gladness,serenityofmind,ease,sometimesregardedahigher
feelingthanpiti
subhabeautifulfortunate,auspicious,lucky
sukha,sukha,happiness,pleasantness,pleasure,ease,satisfaction,happiness,blessedness,wellbeing
kayasukha,bodilyorphysicalhappiness,health
cittasukha,mentalhappiness
***************************************************************************************
RealityandIllusion(Yathabhuta,Maya)
akincannanothingness
asankhata,asamskrita,unconditioned,uncreated,unproduced,nibbana,theoppositeofsamsara
kalapasatoms,elementaryparticles,minisculeelements
maya,maya,illusion,deceit
nibbana,nirvana,theendofsuffering,fromnibbati,tocoolbyblowing.(Wiki)
pakiti,prakriti,nature,naturalconditions
parinibbanathefinalendofanenlightenedbeing
samanaacontemplative
sammaticonvention,conventionalreality,relativetruth
samsara,samsara,thewandering,journeying,continualorphenomenalchange,movingaboutcontinuously
roundofdeathandrebirth,transmigration,roundofrepeatedbecoming.(Wiki)
sunnata,sunyata,thevoid,nothingness,emptiness.(Wiki)
tathata,tathata,sometimesdescribedinMahayanaasbeingtheoppositeofphenomenon,immutableand
immoveable,formless,unmade,devoidofselfnature.Itmightbewisetodisagreewithimmutableand
immoveable.
tathabhava,tathata,bhutatathatasuchness
tathata,actuality
vipallasadistortion,illusion
yathabhuta,yathabhutam,realityasitis,thingsastheyreallyare
***************************************************************************************
Rebirth(Punabhava,Punarbhava)
Thisisnotthesameasreincarnation,whichisliterally"goingintomeatagain."What"goesbackin"in
reincarnationistheAttaorspirit,whichdoesnotexistinBuddhism.Insteadabeingisrebirthedorreproduced,
reemergeswithasenseofcontinuitywiththepastduetosomecontinuousfactors.(Wiki)
abhinibbattitobecome,bereproduced,toresult
ayatimpunabbhavabhinibbattirenewalofbeinginthefuture
bhavangathesubconsciouscontinuumofexistennce
cuticittaminddisconnectingthepresentlife
gandhabbathreadofbeingtobereborn
maranasannajavanacitta,theterminalmentalstateofthedyingentitythatgivesrisetothepaisandhi
vinnanaorrelinkingconsciousnessinanotherlife.Atthemomentofdeaththispredominatingappetite(tanha)
becomesagraspingforce(upadana)thatattractstoitselfanotherexistence.
pubbenivasapastlife
punabbhava,punarbhava,rebecoming,renewalofbeing,renewedexistence
patisandhiarelinking
patisandhicittatheagainlinkingupmind,relinkingmind
patisandhivinnanatheagainlinkingupconsciousnesstherelinking,rejoiningorrebirthconsciousness
pubbenivasanussatinanarememberingpreviousbirths(1/3ofsammananain10foldpath)
samvattanikavinnanaevolvingconsciousness
upapattireappearance,rebirth,rearising,reemergence(withgoodandbaddestinations)
vattacycleofbirth,deathandrebirth
***************************************************************************************
Speech(Vaca)
avadanasimiles,parables,metaphors
dhammacanrefertoanymindobject
niruttilanguage
pannatticonventionalterm,description,conceptualentity,suchasfirstpersonspeech
samannaverbaldesignation
subhasitawellspoken,concerningone'swellbeingandprogress
sammuticonvention,bycommonconsent
sammutisaccaconventionaltruth,truthofgeneralopinion,relativetruth
tiracchanakathapointlesstalk,lowspeech,literallyanimalconversations
udanainspiredutterance,exclamation,expressionofintensefeeling
viggayhakathacontentioustalk,quarrelling,disputing
vitakkavicara,vitarkavicchara,discursivethought,innermonologue
voharasaccamarketplacetruth,usabletruth
***************************************************************************************
UnpleasantStates(Dukkha,Akusala)
abadhaaffliction
aghagrief,pain,suffering,misfortune
anabhiratidissatisfaction
apayastateofdeprivation,misery,loss,misfortune,ruin
akatannutaingratitude,thanklessness
akataveditaingratitude,thanklessness
attanuvadaselfreproach,selfcriticism,afear
bhayafear,fright,dread,terror,cowardice
daraanguish,distress,anxiety
domanassagrief,sorrow,affliction,distress,displeasure,mentalsufferingorunpleasantness
duggatiunhappystates,oppositesugati
injitaperturbed,shaken,agitatedvacillation
kankhaperplexity,doubt,uncertainty
nigghatadepression
piyehivippayogadukkhasufferingfromabsenceofloveandcaring,fromwhatorwhoisdear
uparambha,upanaharesentment,grudge
uttasafright,alarm,dread,fear
yampicchamnalabhatidukkhasufferingfromfailuretorealizecravingsordesires
vighatavexation,distress
vihesaannoyance,vexation,worry
vimatiuncertainty,doubt,perplexity,consternation
vinipataaplaceofsuffering,abadfalling,stateofloss,ruinormisfortune
viparinamadukkhasufferingduetochange
vipariyasainsanity,mentalderangement,perversion,perversity
vippatisararegret,remorse,badconscience
***************************************************************************************
View(Ditthi,Drishti)
akiriyaditthinonaction,moralimpotency,theviewthatactionsaren'tconnected
amaravikkhepaeelwriggling,sophistry,evasiveness
amaravikheppikaendlessequivocation
attanuditthiselfview,beliefthatthetrueselfiseternalspirit
attavadupadanaclingingtothetheoryofsoul,selfdoctrine
ditthi,drishti,view,pointofview,perspective.outlook,opinion,belief,understanding.Thedefaultvalueofthis
wordisnegativeinBuddhism:misinterpretation,prejudice,prejudgment,speculativeviews,dogma,unless
qualifiedbyawordlikesamma
ditthijukkhamastraighteningorcorrectingtheviews
ditthitthannastandpointforviews,groundorpositionforfalseviews
lokiyamundaneunderstanding,knowingaccordinglyanubodha
lokuttarasupramundanepenetration,deepcomprehension(pativedha)
mannanamisconceptions,illusion,imagination
micchaditthi,mithyadrishti,wrongviews,misbelief,misunderstanding
nanattadiversity,notinpositivesense,complicationratherthancomplexity,morelikepapanca,oppositeekatta
unity
nippapancasimplification,oppositeofpapanca
niyativadadeterminismview,fatalism
papanca,prapanca,conceptualproliferation,diversification,differentiation,diffuseness,elaboration,
multiplication,complication,embellishment,complication,ideasrunningwild,selfreflexivethinking,reification,
tautology,objectificationDN14,MN18.(Wiki)
papancasannasankha,conceptsthusderived
papancitaproductsofconceptualproliferation
paramatthasaccaultimatetruth
parinna,fullunderstanding,comprehensionexactknowledge,discernment
sampajanna,samprajanya,comprehensiveunderstanding,alsoimportantinsammasati
vipallasadistortion,corruption,perversion,inversion
vipassanupakkilesacorruptionofinsight,intenseexperiencesmisconstruedintowrongbelief(micchaditthi)
regardingenlightenment,includingexperiencesoflight,psychicknowledge,rapture,serenity,pleasure,extreme
conviction,excessiveeffort,obsession,indifference,andcontentment
voharasaccamarketplacetruth,usabletruth(oppositeparamatthasacca)
Speculativeviewsderivefrom(SNIII12:33):
avijja,avidya,ignorance,nescience,unawareness,notknowing,blindness,delusion,misunderstanding.
adassananotseeing
anabhisamayanotbreakingthrough
ananubodhanotcomprehending
appativedhanotpenetrating
asallakkhananotdiscerning
anupalakkhananotdiscriminating
apaccupalakkhananotdifferentiating
asamapekkhananotexamining
appaccupekkhananotcloselyexamining
apaccakkhakammanotdirectlycognizing
***************************************************************************************
Worlds(Loka,Lokya)
ThecartographyoftheafterlifegetsextremelyelaborateeveninTheravada.Onlythemaintermsandnamesfor
groupsofrealmsaregivenhereasstartingpointsfordeepersearches.
ThereareThreeWorlds,realmsorplanes(Tiloka,Trailokya).(Wiki)
kamaloka,kamabhavaworldofsenseanddesire
rupaloka,rupabhavaworldofform
arupaloka,arupabhavaformlessworld
IntheworldofSenseandDesirearetheSixRealms,worlds,realms,statesofexistence.(Wiki)
Devaloka,DevalokyaRealmofCelestialBeings.Someofthedivinebeings(devas)inhabitworldsabove
kamaloka.(Wiki)
AsurakayaTitanRealm(Wiki)
Manussaloka,ManusyalokyaHumanRealm(Wiki)
PettivisayaRealmofHungryGhosts(petta,preta),(Wiki)
Tiracchanayoni,Tirygyoni,AnimalBirth.(Wiki)
NirakaorNiraya,Niraka,HellRealm,seeMN130(Wiki)
VII.GlossaryofMiscellaneousTerms
abilitybhavyata
accumulation(asofkamma)ayuhana
aeonkappa,kalpa,worldcycle
allsabba
animaltiracchana
associationwithsuperiorpeoplesappurisasaseva
attainmentsampada,samapattiaccomplishment,success
badakusalademerit,unskillfulstatesanddeeds,karmicallyunprofitable,unwholesome,flawed,ineffective,
productiveofunhappyresults
barrennesskhila
basevatthuphysicalbaseofcitta
belovedpiya,priya,dear
benefitanisamaadvantage
bodykayagroup
breakthroughabhisamayaepiphany
breathpana,prana
buddhanaturebuddhataMahayanadoctrine,anatureinherentinallbeingsandpotentialforenlightenment.
Buddhism,dhammavinayanameuntil19thcentury,doctrineanddiscipline
character,carita,cariyanature,temperamentmodeofconduct,psychologicaltypes,behavior,exercise
commonmanputhujjanaaverageman,worldling
conditionthana,sthana,state,possibility
conditionofnaturesabhavadhammaphenomenon,event,propertyorqualityexperiencedinandofitself
conditionedsaguna,qualified,Sanskrit,asinSagunaBrahman,Brahmanwithqualities.
conduciveopanayikaleadingto
confinementsambadha
conventionsammuti
conventionaltruthsammutisaccatruthofgeneralopinion,relativetruth
contentedappicchadesiringlittle,easilysatisfied
destinationgatibaddestinationduggati
destructionkhaya
dispositionadhimutti
divinebeingsdevas,devas,eveninTheravadatherearegodsanddivinebeingsinunseenrealms(seeworldloka)
butthesebeingsaremortalaswell
doordvaragate
dyaddvaya
enmityvera
evilpapawrongdoing,sin
evildesirepapiccha
evilonemaratemptation,dissipation,thekiller,personificationofunwholesomeimpulses
exceedtherightamountatinameti
faithsaddha,sraddha,Confidence,reliance,trust.Despitethevalueplaceonthis,personalempiricalverification
ofDhammateachingsremainsfundamentaltoBuddhisttraining
fearlessnessabhaya
forgivenesskhamanasila,khama,ortitikkha.Khantiissometimesused,butthisisclosertoacceptanceor
tolerance.
friendmittacompanion
friendshipkalyanamittata,kalyanamitrata,advantageousfriendships,parents,teachersandspiritualfriends.
(Wiki)
fulfillmentparipuri
gentlenesssoracca
goodkusalamerit,skillfulstatesanddeeds,karmicallyprofitable,wholesome,efficient,productiveofhappy
results
harmanattha
healtharogya
heedfulnessappamada,apramada,diligence,vigilance,conscientiousness,care,carefulness
honestyajjavaintegrity,candor
honestysoceyyapurity
humantypespuggalapannatti
illuminationobhasa
impedimentskincana
imperfectionupakilesacorruptionimpurity,depravity,perversion
interestvyaparainterestednesscalling,vocation,undertaking
karmakammaaction,acts,normallyassociatedwithintention(cetana).(Wiki)
karmicresultsvipaka
karmicfruitsphala
karmicmatrixkammayoni
karmicallycumulativeexistencekammabhava
knowledge(higher)abhinna,abhijna,intellectualacumen
lightabha
lightalokaillumination
lotuspadma
materialamisaworldly
matricesmatika
methodnaya
methodpatipadaway,lineofconduct
modestylajjavan
monk,nunbhikku,bhikkuni,bhiksu,bhiksuni
obstructionavarana
oneeka
openingokasa
outofbodyexperiencemanomayamindmade
pathmagga,margaway,road
peacesanti,shanti
permissionokasaopenspace
prayerpatthana,abhipatthana,aspiration,desirethereisnopetitionaryorintercessoryprayer,thereisnoreal
prayingto...
processesniyamas
qualityakaraaspect,reason
resortgocaraabode,province,pasture
respectpuja,puja,worship,honor,devotionalobservance
restingplacesenasana
restraintsamvaraguarding
restraintorcontrolofthesensesorfacultiesindriyasamvara
reverenceapacayanaactofrespect
reverencegarava
rightsammafull,completeoptimal
righthandsidedakkhina,dakshinalefthandsideisvama,vama
securitykhemasafety
seeingdassanavision
selfconfidencevesarajjagroundof
selfreliancepaccattaforoneself
senseormentalmentalobjectarammana
spiritualniramisanoncarnal,havingnomeat,withoutattachment,oppositesamisa
stainmala,mala,impurity,dirt
steppada,pad,foot,path,track
straightforwardnessajjavan
substitutiontadangasubstitutionofopposites,assimplereplacementofakusalawithkusala
suitabilitysappayabeneficial,salubrious
suppressionvikkhambhanapahanaabandoning,abandonment
sutrasutta,sutra,thread,rootofsuture
theoryandpracticepariyattiandpatipatti
truemansappurisavirtuousorsuperiorperson
unificationekaggataattentiontoonesubject,onepointedness
unifiedekaggaconcentrated,concentric
untruemanasappurisa(sappurisa=trueman)
uprootingsamugghataabolition,removal
volunteerpubbakarionewhovolunteerstohelpothersselflessly
wheelcakka,cakracircle
wheelofdhammadhammachakka,dharmacakra
worldlysamisacarnal
wrongmiccha,oppositeofsamma
VIII.FinalWords:
Ashebreathedhislast:
Vayadhammasamkhara,appamadenasampadetha
Compoundbeingsareephemeral,strivewithheedfuldiligence*
*neitherword,heedfulnordiligent,conveysthefullmeaningofappamada,whichalsoimplieszeal.Accomplish
earnestlyhasalsobeenused.

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