Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
PROBLEMAS
1.11 cul es el cambio en la entropa cuando 0.7m3 de CO2
0.3m3 de N2 cada uno a 1 bar y 25 oC se combinan para
formar una mezcla de gas?
Solucin:
Datos:
T= 25+273.15 = 298.15K
P=1 bar
Para un gas ideal fraccin molar=fraccin volumen
VCO2 =0.7m3
Y1 = 0.7
VN2 =0.3m3
Y2 = 0.3
Reemplazando en la ecuacion:
298.15 k=40.342mol
mol k
PV t 1 ( 1 m3 )
n t=
=
RT
La frmula para mezcla de gases ideales el cambio de entropa
es:
83.14106 m3
S gi Yi S gi =nR Yi ln(Yi)
i
S gi Yi S gi
i
8.314
S=204.8859
J
40.342 mol (0.7 ln 0.7+ 0.3 ln 0.3)
mol k
J
K
N2
n=4mol
Hallando la temperatura:
Ar
n=2.5mol
T=75 + 273.15=348.15k
T=130+273.15=403.15k
P=30bar
Cv=5/2 R
Cv=3/2 R
P=20 bar
Cv=3/2 R
Cv=3/2 R
Si:
Y N 2=
4
=0.615
6.5
Y Ar=
2.5
=0.385
6.5
mol5
mol3
R( T eq 348.15 )=2.5
R(403.15T eq )
2
2
27.5 T eq =9986.625 K
T eq=363.15 K
S N 2=4
T2
P
nRln( 2 )
T1
P1
( )
mol7
J
363.15
J
24.38
8.314
ln
4 mol8.314
ln
2
mol k
348.15
mol k
30
S N 2=11.806
S Ar =2.5
J
mol k
mol5
J
363.15
J
24.38
8.314
ln
2.5 mol8.314
ln
2
mol k
403.15
mol k
20
S Ar =9.547
J
mol k
0.615
0.615ln ()+0.385ln (0.385)
J
Smezcla =6.5 mol8.314
mol k
Smezcla =35.99
J
mol k
J
J
J
9.547
+35.99
mol k
mol k
mol k
S=38.27
J
mol k
Kmol
= nN 2 + nH 2=0.0714+ 0.248=0.3194 s
Y 1=
nN 2 0.0714
=
=0.224
nt 0.3194
Y 2=
nH 2 0.248
=
=0.776
n t 0.3194
S=Rnt Yi ln(Yi)
i
S=8.314
S=1.412
kJ
kmol
0.3194
(0.224ln ( 0.224 ) +0.776ln ( 0.776))
kmol k
s
kJ
sK
metano
etano
moles
0,5
1,702
9,081*10-3
0,5
1,31
19,225*10-3
C
-2,164*106
H=R
T0
Cp
B 2( 2 ) C 3 ( 3 )
dT =( A ) T 0 ( 1 ) +
T 1 +
T 1 .(2)
R
2 0
3 0
T0=448.15K
; T=308.15K ;
T
=0.6876
T0
A=0.51.702+ 0.51.31=1.4165
B=0.59.081103 +0.519.225103 =14.153103
C=0.5(2.164106 ) +0.5(5.561106 ) =3.8625106
Reemplazando los datos obtenidos en la ecuacin (2):
T
RCp dT =198.3129749.2829+78.2098=869.386
T0
H=8.314
J
J
(869.386 k ) =7228.075
mol k
mol
-5,561*10-
S
Cp dT
P
=
ln + Yi ln ( Yi ) .(3)
R T0 R T
P0 i
T
=
RCp dT
T
Cp lnT
R
T0
Cp
R
T0
..( 4)
= A + BT 0 + C T 20 +
)(
( +1 )
D
T
2 2 0
2
T0
Reemplazando en (*)
Cp
R
S
308.15
1
=6.161ln
ln +20.5ln 0.5=1.902
R
448.15
3
S=8.314
J
J
(1.902 )=15.813
mol k
mol k
J
mol
W ideal
.(1)
ni
W ideal = H T S (2)
H gi = Yi H gi
H=0
J
J
( 0.21 ln 0.21+0.79 ln 0.79 ) =4.273
mol k
molk
W=
J
J
=1281.9
mol K
mol
1281.9 J
J
=25638
0.05 mol
mol
P (bar)
10
20
40
60
80
100
200
300
400
500
Z
0,985
0,970
0,942
0,913
0,885
0,869
0,765
0,762
0,824
0,910
Solucin:
Para una P=0 sabemos que:
ln 1=0
1=1
( Z i1)
dP
P
ln 1=
0
Fi =
Z i1
Pi
A i=
Fi Fi1
. ( PiPi1 )
2
ln i=ln i1 + Ai
Pi
(bar)
0
10
Zi
Fi
Fi-1
Ai
lni-1
lni
fi (bar)
0.00
0
0.98
5
0.00000
0.0000
0
0.0000
0
0.0000
0
0.0075
0
0.0150
0
0.0295
0
0.0290
0
0.0288
8
0.0274
8
0.1242
5
0.0000
0
0.0000
0
0.00000
1.000
0.000
-0.00750
0.993
9.925
-0.02250
0.978
19.55
5
-0.05200
0.949
37.97
3
-0.08100
0.922
55.33
2
-0.109875
0.896
71.67
6
-0.137350
0.872
87.16
7
-0.261600
0.770
153.9
64
-0.00150
20
0.97
0
-0.00150
40
0.94
2
-0.00145
60
0.91
3
-0.00145
80
0.88
5
-0.00144
100
0.86
9
-0.00131
200
0.76
5
-0.00118
0.0015
0
0.0015
0
0.0014
5
0.0014
5
0.0014
4
0.0013
1
0.0075
0
0.0225
0
0.0520
0
0.0810
0
0.1098
8
0.1373
5
0.76
2
-0.00079
400
0.82
4
-0.00044
500
0.91
0
-0.00018
0.0011
8
0.0007
9
0.0004
4
0.0984
2
0.0616
7
0.0310
0
0.2616
0
0.3600
2
0.4216
8
0.360016
67
0.421683
33
0.452683
33
=exp
Pr o
( B + B1 )
Tr
Pc= 73.83bar
Tr=
T 423.15
=
=1.3910
T c 304.2
Pr=
P
Pc
P
P
( P)=exp c (Bo + B 1)
Tr
B o=0.083
0.422
1.6
Tr
B =0.083
0.422
=0.16588
1.3910 1.6
B 1=0.139
0.172
T r4.2
B 1=0.139
0.172
=0.09599
4.2
1.3910
=0.224
0.698
209.2
99
0.656
262.3
77
0.636
317.9
60
Dato N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Pi (bar)
0
10
20
40
60
80
100
200
300
400
500
i
1.000
0.986
0.972
0.945
0.919
0.894
0.869
0.755
0.656
0.570
0.495
fi
0.000
9.860
19.445
37.813
55.146
71.490
86.885
150.980
196.768
227.949
247.566
Graficas:
Coeficiente de fugacidad vs P
1
Coeficiente de
fugacidad vs P
0.8
Logarithmic
(Coeficiente de
fugacidad vs P)
Power (Coeficiente
de fugacidad vs P)
Correlacion
0.6
0.4
0
Fugacidad vs P
350.000
300.000
250.000
Fugacidad vs P
200.000
Correlacion
150.000
100.000
50.000
0.000
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
convenientes de la fugacidad y de
Solucin:
De la ecuacin:
( 0)
=
= 0.245
Tc=430.8 K
Tr\Pr
1,30
1,39
3,0000
0,6383
1,40
0,7145
3,8052
5,0000
0,5383
0,6237
0,67659842
3,0000
1,2853
3,8052
5,0000
1,3868
1
1,2942
1
1,4888
1,3826429
1
0,73249546
( 0)
=
300
219,748637 bar.
f = P=( 0,73249546 )
GR
=ln
RT
R
G
=ln ( 0,73249546 )= -0,31129814
RT
6. calcule la fugacidad de isobutileno como un gas:
a) A 280oC y 20 bar ; b) A 280oC y 100 bar
Solucin:
a) T=553.15 K
Datos: Tc= 417.9 K
P=20 bar
Pc= 40 bar
Tr=
T 553.15
=
=1.3236
T c 417.9
Pr=
P 20
= =0.5
Pc 40
=0.194
=exp
=exp
Pr o
( B + B1 )
Tr
B o=0.083
0.422
T 1.6
r
B o=0.083
0.422
=0.18640
1.6
1.3236
B 1=0.139
0.172
4.2
Tr
B 1=0.139
0.172
=0.0860
1.3236 4.2
0.5
(0.18640+0.194 0.0860)
1.3236
=0.9379
20
18.76 bar.
f = P=( 0,9379 )
b) T=553.15 K
Datos: Tc= 417.9 K
=exp
P=100 bar
Pc= 40 bar
Tr=
T 553.15
=
=1.3236
T c 417.9
Pr =
P 100
=
=2.5
Pc 40
Pr o
( B + B1 )
Tr
=0.194
B o=0.083
0.422
T 1.6
r
B o=0.083
0.422
=0.18640
1.3236 1.6
B 1=0.139
0.172
T r4.2
B =0.139
=exp
0.172
=0.0860
1.3236 4.2
2.5
(0.18640+0.194 0.0860)
1.3236
=0.725659
100
72.5659 bar.
f = P=( 0.725659 )
sat
i
f = P exp
sat
V sat
i ( PPi )
RT
(1)
Pc =45.02
Z c =0.273
V c =258
c m3
mol
Tr=
383.15
=0.7486
511.8
Psat
r =
5.2675
=0.1169
45.02
0.422
0.422
=0.083
=0.5877
1.6
Tr
0.74861.6
B 1=0.139
0.172
0.172
=0.139
=0.4413
4.2
Tr
0.74864.2
sat
i =exp
0.1169
(0.5877+0.1960.4413 ) =0.900
0.7486
1T r )
(
V sat
i =V C ZC
2/7
=258
c m3
c m3
0.2730.2514 =107.546
mol
mol
2
7
83.14
cm
383.15 k
mol k
f =0.95.267 exp
Pc =40.43
Z c =0.277
V c =239.3
c m3
mol
Tr=
393.15
=0.9361
420
Psat
r =
25.83
=0.6389
40.43
0.422
0.422
=0.083
=0.3860
1.6
Tr
0.93611.6
B 1=0.139
0.172
0.172
=0.139
=0.088
4.2
Tr
0.93614.2
sat
i =exp
0.6389
(0.38600.1910.088 ) = 0.7596
0.9361
1T r )
(
V sat
i =V C ZC
2/7
=239.3
c m3
c m3
0.2770.039 =133.31
mol
mol
2
7
c m3 (
3425.83 )
mol
83.14
cm
393.15 k
mol k
f =0.759625.83 exp