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MABENGO N.D.
48591238
FMA3602
01

QUESTION 1
The blade speed is: u

D
15

375 29.45m / s
2
30 2

The jet speed is:

V1 K N 2 gH
0.90 2 9.81 220
59.13m / s
Therefore: n

u 29.45

0.49805
V1 59.13

a) The efficiency of the wheel is obtained by:

R 2 0.49805 1 0.49805 1 0.90 cos165o

0.9346
b) To obtain the diameter of the diameter of each jet, we will first find the theoretical power
which gives:

Pth

Pturb

3.950MW
4.22MW
0.9346

Thereafter the flow rate should be found as:

Pth gHQ
4.22 106 9810 220 Q

4.22 106
1.958m 3 / s
9810 220

Each jet will thus have a flow area of:

Aj

Q
2V1
1.958
2 59.13

0.016556739m 2

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MABENGO N.D.
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FMA3602
01

The diameter of each jet will finally be:

dj

4A

4 0.016556739

0.1451m
QUESTION 2
Given:

H 650m
l 10km 10000m
f 0.004
d p 1m

83% 0.83
165o
d j 160mm 0.16m( we assume,because160m is too big and not realistic)
a) The power of the turbine will be obtained by:
3

d 2j
2 gH

P 1 cos
4

16
d
1 f l j
d p d p4

2
0.16
2 9.81 650

0.83 1 cos165o
4
16
10000 0.16
1 0.004 1 1

11.362MW

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MABENGO N.D.
48591238
FMA3602
01

b) To find the diameter of the wheel we will proceed as follows:

d j 0.16m
V1 CV 2 gH 0.98 2 9.81 650 110.67m / s
N 360rpm
u 0.47 110.67 52.0149m / s
u

DN
60

60u
N

60 52.0149
360

2.759m
QUESTION 3
Given:

l 1800m
H E 400m
H f 10% of H E 40m
Pturb 5000kW 5MW
N 500rpm
CV 0.98
f 0.005
a) The Diameter of the Pipe will be found by:
2

P
32 fl Q
5000
d
0.00127m 3 / s
where Q turb
gH f
gH E 9810 400
5

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MABENGO N.D.
48591238
FMA3602
01

Thus,

d5

32 0.005 1800 0.00127

9.81 40

d 0.0412m 41.2mm
b) Area of Jets:

V1 CV 2 gh
0.98 2 9.81 400
86.817m / s
A

Q
2V1
0.00127
2 86.817

7.314 10 6 m 2
c) Pitch circle diameter of the bucket

From b) above, V1 = 86.817m/s, the bucket velocity will be:

Vb 0.46 V1
0.46 86.817
39.935m / s
Vb u

DN
60

39.935

60 39.935
500

1.525m

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MABENGO N.D.
48591238
FMA3602
01

QUESTION 4
Given:

d j 71mm 0.071m
Pturb 198kW
Q 0.188m 3 / s
Pressure 1.18MPa
a) Power available (also known as Power at the base of the nozzle):

P Pressure Q
1.18 106 0.188
221.84kW
The area of the jet being: A

0.0712
4

0.00396m 2

It follows that the discharge is Q A V1 0.188 0.00396 V1

Thus, V1

0.188
47.47m / s
0.00396

b) The Power lost in the nozzle will be found as follows:

Let us first find the Power corresponding to the kinetic energy of the jet:

Pk

1 QV1

2 1000
103 0.188 47.47
2000

211.82kW
Knowing that: Available Power = Jet Power + Power lost in the nozzle
We will thus have:

221.84 211.82 Power lost in the nozzle

Power lost in the nozzle 221.84 211.82 10.02kW

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MABENGO N.D.
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FMA3602
01

c) The Overall efficiency of the turbine will give:

turb

Pshaft
Pavailable

198
211.84
0.892

89.2%
QUESTION 5
Given:

d j 75mm 0.075m
D 0.9m
N 320rpm

160o
n 0.46
C v 0.98
u

DN

V1

60

0.9 320
60

15.079m / s

15.079
32.78m / s
0.46

Q AV1

0.0752
4

32.78 0.144m 3 / s

The hydraulic Power of the wheel:

P QV1 u 1 n cos160o u

1000 0.144 32.78 15.078 1 0.46 cos160o 15.079

21.821MW

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MABENGO N.D.
48591238
FMA3602
01

Efficiency of the wheel:

wheel 2n1 n 1 k n cos

2 0.46 1 0.46 1 0.88 cos160o

0.90761
90.7%
Overall efficiency of the turbine

o wheel m
0.90761 0.96
0.87
87%
QUESTION 7
Given:

H 12m
Q 0.3m3 / s
N 300rpm
u f 0.162 2 gh 2.485m / s

D2 N

uf

60

D2

D2

60u f
N

60 2.485
0.1582m
300

D1 2 D2 D2 2 0.1582 0.3164m
u1

0.3164 300
60

4.97m / s

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FMA3602
01

The guide vane angle:

u w1

0 gh

tan

u1
uf
u w1

0.8 9.81 12
18.948
4.97

2.485
0.1311
18.948

7.47 o

The vertical height of the rotor:

Q D1 B u f
0.3 0.3164 B 2.485
B

0 .3
0.3164 2.485

0.121m
121mm
QUESTION 8
Given:

Overall efficiency 0.79

Power Produced 160kW
Head 12.5m
Peripheralvelocity : u1 0.81 2 gh 0.81 2 9.81 12.5 12.684m / s
Velocity of flow : u f 0.251 2 gh 0.251 2 9.81 12.5 3.93m / s
Speed, N 150rpm
Hydraulicefficiency 0.87
From the above, we can find u w1

h g H
u1

0.87 9.81 12.5

8.41m / s
12.684

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MABENGO N.D.
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FMA3602
01

a) The diameter of rotor will be found by:

u1

DN

60
60u1
D
N

60 12.684
150

1.6m
b) The angle of guide vanes:

tan

uf
u w1

3.93
0.46
8.41

tan 1 0.46
25.0460
c) Breath of rotor blade:

P
gH o
160 103
103 9.81 12.5 0.79

1.651m 3 / s
Q D1 B u f 0.92
1.651 1.6 B 3.93 0.92
1.651
18.173
0.090m

90mm

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MABENGO N.D.
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FMA3602
01

QUESTION 12

H 30m

30 o

28o

D 2m

N 145rpm

V1 2 gH 2 9.81 30 24.261m / s
Vb

DN
60

2 145
60

15.183m / s

The blade inlet angle 1 will be computed as follows:

Vr1 sin 1 V1 sin

Vr1 cos 1 V1 cos Vb
tan 1

V1 sin
24.261sin 30o

2.021
V1 cos Vb 24.461cos 30o 15.183

1 tan 1 2.021
63.67o
To find the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine we will proceed as follows:

V1 sin 24.261sin 30o

Vr1

13.534m / s
sin 1
sin 63.67 o
As there is no loss,Vr1 Vr 2 13.534m / s
Vw1 V1 cos 30o 24.261 cos 30o 21.01m / s
Vw 2 Vb Vr 2 cos 28o 15.183 13.534 cos 28o 3.233m / s
E

Vb Vw1 Vw 2

15.18321.01 3.233
27.513m
9.81

27.513
0.917 91.7%
30

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MABENGO N.D.
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FMA3602
01

QUESTION 15

P1 3800kW

P2 2500kW

N 1 250rpm

H 2 7m

H 1 11m
3

D1

D2

P1 H 2

P2 H 1

D1

D2

3800 7 4
0.87
2500 11

N 2 N1

D1 H 2

D2 H 1

N 2 250 0.87

7
11

173.5rpm

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MABENGO N.D.
48591238
FMA3602
01

QUESTION 16

P1 200kW

P2 900kW

N 1 275rpm

H 2 18.5m

H 1 7m
3

D1

D2

P1 H 2

P2 H 1

D1

D2

200 18.5 4

0.97
900 7

N 2 N1

D1 H 2

D2 H 1

N 2 275 0.97

18.5
7

433.6rpm
434rpm

NS

N 2 P2

H 2 4
5

434 900

18.5 4
5

339rpm

Mabengo N.D. FMA3601 01 May 2015