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Solution:
Change design speed into m/s (M1.1);
= 22.2m/s,
V=22.22 m/s
Calculate , corresponding to the total angle traversed by each transition curve (i.e. angle
corresponding to L) (C3.2; M2.4; FP2.5):
Use transition curve equation;
Rearrange to make
the subject
or
Or
Calculate total arc length if curve totally transitioned (C2.1; C2.3; FP1.6; FP3.7);
If curve totally transitioned
Solution:
For the ship to float (M1.4; M1.5; M3.1);
W
d
U
55m
Calculate upthrust;
But
, therefore;
The fraction of the total capacity occupied by the seawater ballast is;
Worked Example 3: Adapted from Stage 1 Solids & Structures 1 (CIV 1001 ) 2004 Exam
Paper Question 4
Worked Example 3 draws from CCEA Advanced Subsidiary (As) and Advanced GCE (A2) Mathematics
modules;
Module C2- As Core Mathematics 2, topic 5 in relation to the integration of xn and related
sums and differences
A cantilever is a beam rigidly secured at only one end. The applied load is carried to the fixed
support where it is resisted by bending moment and shear stress.
Question:
A diver of mass 75 kg stands on the end of a fibre glass (Youngs Modulus, E=8Gpa) diving board, 3 m
in length. By modelling the diving board as a simple cantilever calculate the deflection at the free
end of the diving board. Repeat the calculation for two other divers with masses of 50 kg and 100 kg.
Solution:
b=300mm
d=40mm
Beam Section
x
L
x
-P
Shear Force Diagram; where shear force is plotted against length, x, from free end
x
-PL
Bending Moment Diagram; where bending moment is plotted against length, x, from free end
Use equation;
Where E and I correspond to the youngs modulus and second moment of area, specific properties of
the diving board
5
Integrate again to get an equation for displacement, v in terms of distance, x from free end of
board (C2.5; C4.5);
Substitute diving board properties into deflection equation to determine tip deflection;
P=75g N
L= 3 m
b=300x10-3 m
d=40x10-3 m
E=8x109 kN/m2
Worked Example 4: Stage 1 Solids & Structures (CIV 1001) Tutorial- Pin jointed frames
Worked Example 4 draws from CCEA Advanced Subsidiary (As) and Advanced GCE (A2) Mathematics
modules;
Module M4- Mechanics 4, topic 3 in relation to the analysis of light pin-jointed frameworks
Module M1- Mechanics 1, topic 2 in relation to the resolution of component forces
Module M1- Mechanics 1, topic 5 in relation to the calculation of the sum of moments about
a point
6.0m
4.0m
1.0m 2.0m
A
Question:
The car has mass 1750 kg and the bridge can be taken to have a self mass of 250 kg per unit length
of section for the members making up the deck of the bridge and 100 kg per unit length for the
other members. The structure is to be analysed as a pin jointed truss and consequently the loads
have to be applied at the joints of the structure. Apply the loads in the usual manner and calculate
the resultant horizontal and vertical forces at the restraints.
Solution (M4.3):
Deck members
Other horizontal members
Diagonal members
Length/m
6
5
5
Weight/kN
15
6
5
2.0m
1.0m
8.75kN
8.75kN
RC
Resolve (M1.2; M1.5; M1.6; M4.2);
RD
Therefore;
5+3
5+3
7.5+5
5+3
7.5+5
5+3
7.5+5
2.5+7.5
2.5+7.5
10.21
7.29
RA
RB
8
12.5
8
22.71
10
RA
8
19.79
10
RB
Therefore;
Worked Example 5: Stage 1 Mathematics (CIV 1015) Mathematics 2C Exam May 2004,
Question 1
Worked Example 5 draws from CCEA Advanced Subsidiary (As) and Advanced GCE (A2) Mathematics
modules;
Module M1- Mechanics 1, topic 1 in relation to the application of differentiation to
kinematic problems
Module M1- Mechanics 1, topic 7 in relation to the application of Newtons second law of
motion
Module M3- Mechanics 3, topic 4 in relation to analytically modelling the motion of elastic
springs
Module FP1- Further Pure Maths 1, topic 1 in relation to the addition and multiplication of
matrices
Question:
For one dimensional simple harmonic motion, the motion for the system can be represented by a
second order differential equation (presented below). The equations can be obtained using
Newtons second law of motion (F=ma, where; F- Force acting, m-mass, a-Acceleration) and Hookes
Law (F=-ku, where; F-Force acting, k-Rate of spring constant, u-Displacement of spring) (C1.6; C4.4;
M1.7; M3.4);
Where; m= mass, u= displacement, k= Rate of spring constant and subscripts 1 and 2 denote
particles 1 and 2 respectively
Given that k=1 and m=1, show that the natural frequencies of vibration are given by;
Solution:
Represent the two systems of differential equations in matrix form;
Where
denotes the second order differential equation of displacement, u with respect to time, t
Where
10