Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining

protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by
cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of
cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining
protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining
protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by
cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of
cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics

cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of

cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining
protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by
cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of
cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics

[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining
protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by
cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of
cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining
protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by
cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of
cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining
protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by
cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of
cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics

Structure of gram-negative cell wall

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining
protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by
cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of
cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining
protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by
cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of
cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics

Gram-positive- and negative bacteria are chiefly differentiated by their cell wall structure.
The following characteristics are displayed by Gram-negative bacteria:
1. Cytoplasmic membrane
2. Thin peptidoglycan layer (which is much thinner than in Gram-positive bacteria)

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining
protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by
cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of
cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics

3. Outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS, which consists of lipid A, core

polysaccharide, and O antigen) outside the peptidoglycan layer
4. Porins exist in the outer membrane, which act like pores for particular molecules
5. There is a space between the layers of peptidoglycan and the secondary cell membrane
called the periplasmic space
6. The S-layer is directly attached to the outer membrane, rather than the peptidoglycan

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining
protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by
cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of
cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics

7. If present, flagella have four supporting rings instead of two

8. No teichoic acids or lipoteichoic acids are present
9. Lipoproteins are attached to the polysaccharide backbone.
10. Most of them contain Braun's lipoprotein, which serves as a link between the outer
membrane and the peptidoglycan chain by a covalent bound

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining
protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by
cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of
cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics

11. Most do not sporulate (Coxiella burnetii, which produces spore-like structures, is a
notable exception)

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining
protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by
cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of
cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining
protocol.[1] In a Gram stain test, a counterstain (commonly safranin) is added after the crystal
violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in
classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution.
The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components
of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular, the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or
endotoxin) layer.[1] In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by
cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of
cytokine (from the Greek cyto, cell and kinesis, movement) production, which can also produce
host toxicity.
When treated as a clade, the term "negibacteria" is sometimes used.[2]

Contents
[hide]

1 Characteristics

2 Example species

3 Medical treatment

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

[edit] Characteristics