The upor of Monoszlo an example of noble kindreds in the area between rivers

Sava and Drava, by Zrinka (prenume) Nikoli Jakus n Slovakia and Croatia Historical
Parallels and Connections (until 1780) (vezi desktop) Bratislava, 2013
A noble kindred upor of Monoszl in Croatian historiography known also as
Moslavaki or Moslavinski could be considered as belonging to the middle strata of the
nobility in the area between rivers Sava and Drava which for the most part belonged to
medieval Slavonia.1 The upor are actually a surviving branch of the noble kindred
Monoszl who appears in the sources in the second half of the twelfth century. 2 upor is
a nickname of one of the members who lived at the end of the thirteenth and beginning of
the fourteenth century, probably coming from Hungarian word for mug or pot (csupor).
Although they could not compare with the magnates as were the Babonii, the
Gorjanski (Garai) or Iloki (jlaki), the upor played significant part in the history of the
area. On their example I will try to show several issues, discussed in more detail by
Marija and Damir Karbi in this volume, and in addition also try to show the mobility
social and spatial of a noble kindred within the medieval kingdom of Hungary.
As the founder of the family is usually considered count (comes) Makarias who
appears in the times of King Bla III (1172-1196).3 However, already his father is
mentioned as the one who first draw royal attention with his warrior skills. For his merits
1

The main literature about this kindred can be found in: Hrvatski biografski leksikon (hereafter HBL), vol.
3 (Zagreb: Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krlea, 1993), pp. 133-136, s.v. upor; upor, Demetrije;
upor, Pavao; Marko Bedi, upori Moslavaki, Kaj 28/3 (1995): 53-67. The genealogy is presented in:
Janos Karcsony, A magyar nemzetsgek a XIV szzad kzepig, vol. 2 (Budapest, 1901), 377-383, s.v.
Monoszl; Pl Engel, Kzepkori magyar genealgia/Magyrorszg vilgi archontolgija 1301-1457, PC
CD-ROM (Budapest, 2001), s.v. Monoszl nem Csupor; Pavao Maek, Rod biskupa Demetrija upora:
Prilog rodoslovlju upora Moslavakih, Tkali 12 (2008): 277-313. Karcsonys genealogy only goes
until the first half of the fourteenth century, and Engels starts from the end of the thirteenth century.
Maeks begins with the first family member who had a nickname upor. The most recent and complete
genealogy starting from the first apparition of the members of the kindred in the sources until the extinction
of the kindred (with some corrections of the opinions of the previous authors) is in: Zrinka Nikoli Jakus,
Obitelj upor Moslavaki, Radovi Zavoda za znanstvenoistraivaki i umjetniki rad u Bjelovaru 5
(2011), forthcoming.
2
Ferdo ii was of opinion that the upor descended from the Hungarian kindred of Csupor which had
lived in the county of Csongrd near Szeged close to the kindred of Doroszma. According to him, some
offspring of Csupor and Doroszma moved later to the area between the Sava and the Drava rivers and
formed the noble kindreds of upor and Garai (Croatain: Gorjanski): Rukovet spomenika o hercegu
Ivaniu Korvinu i o borbama Hrvata s Turcima, Starine JAZU 37 (1934), doc. 4, 201, n. 3. However, this
opinion about the origin of upor has remained isolated.
3
Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae (hereafter CD), vol. 2, ed. Tadija Smiiklas
(Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1904), 172.

he got the noble estate of Moslavina which was at that time exempted from the royal
counties as a special area along with a privilege to collect from this area the royal tax
typical for Slavonia.4 It might have happened already at the time of King Bla II the
Blind (1131-1141). It is considered that the name of the family and the estate Monoszl Moslavina comes from a Slavic name Mojslav or Manislav,5 which would imply that they
were by origin Slavs and not Hungarians. 6 Still, this particular name name is never
mentioned in the preserved sources nor does it appear in the genealogy of the kindred. It
is possible that the family got the name after the estate, since it started using it as a family
name only at the end of the thirteenth century as it was usual among the noble kindreds.
Monoszl or Moslavina was also the name of one of their castles which controlled the
area of river Lonja, the southern Moslavina. In the Veszprm (Slov. Belomost, Ger.
Weissbrunn) county there is also a nameplace Monoszl which gave the name to a noble
family that gave two Esztergom (Cro. Ostrogon, Slov. Ostrihom, Ger. Gran) archbishops
in the thirteenth and the fourteenth century as well as the commander of the Hungarian
army in the war in Italy in 1356 and 1357/58. 7 However, the exact relation between two
namesake places in medieval Slavonia and Veszprm county is not established as well as
the connection with the namesake noble family, although perhaps the connection can not
be exluded. The name Monoszl was very distinctive and sometimes spread with the
expansion of family.
Count Makarias was a representative of King Bla III in Dalmatia after it was
recovered from the Byzantine rule at the time of Emanuel Komnen, and appeared also
later in a company of Bla's son Prince Andrew. He served as a royal judge (1189), count
4

CD, vol. 3, ed. Tadija Smiiklas (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1905), 349.
Petar Skok, Etimologijski rjenik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika, vol. 2 (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija
znanosti i umjetnosti, 1972), 459, s.v. moslavka; Lajos Kiss, Fldrajzi nevek etimolgiai sztara
(Budapest: Akadmiai Kiad, 1980), 431; Bedi, upori Moslavaki, 54; Stanko Andri, Podgorje
Papuka i Krndije u srednjem vijeku: prilozi za lokalnu povijest (prvi dio), Scrinia slavonica 8 (2008), 6061.
6
Stanko Andri, Samostan Svetog Kria u Frankavili (Manelosu), Istorijski asopis 52 (2005), 54. For
this reason Andri refers to them also as the Mojslav: Voin u srednjem vijeku, in: Povijesna i kulturna
batina Voina, ed. D. uvak (Slatina: Matica hrvatska; Puko otvoreno uilite; Zaviajni muzej Slatina,
2000), 97; Samostan Svetog Kria u Frankavili (Manelosu), 50; Podgorje Papuka i Krndije u srednjem
vijeku: prilozi za lokalnu povijest (prvi dio), 60, 65-66.
7
HBL, 134-135; Dane Gruber, Borba Ludovika I. s Mleanima za Dalmaciju (1348-1358), Rad
Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti 152 (1903), 106, 109, 111, 129; Jnos Thurczy, Chronica
Hungarorum, eds. Elisabetz (Erzsbet) Galntai and Julius (Gyula) Krist (Budapest: Akadmiai Kiad,
1985), 176-177.
5

of Szolnok in central Hungary, a viceban (vicar of Croatian ban, first known by name). In
one later charter he is even himself mentioned as ban.8
The family of Count Makarias, besides Moslavina and nearby areas, also
possessed the estates in the county of Ba (Slov. B, Hung. Bcs, Ger. Batsch), near
Sonta, near the rivermouth of the Drava in the the Danube. In some later divisions the
estate of Makarias' cousin Count Gregory and his tower are mentioned. Beside some
other estates in the county of Ba Hoyloc (jlak) and Senpaul south of the town of Ba,
Makarias, and after him his sons, also possessed estates in Srijem (Serb. Srem, Hung.
Szerm, Ger. Syrmien, Lat. Syrmia), in the county of Baranja (Hung. Baranya, Ger.
Branau) Szilvas, and several more estates in the county of Somogy. These estates were
worked by free and unfree people (serui et libertini) and gave considerable income. The
family also had income from the marketplace on their estate in Sonta as well as income
from the Danube port. They were patrons, even possible founders, of the Benedictine
monastery of St. Cross (originally Premonstrate). These patronage rights were preserved
until the death of Makarias' great-grandson Giles (Egidius) II. It seems that the family
also had some patronage rights over the Benedictine monastery of Holy Spirit in Nutar.9
Judging by all these data, it is therefore possible that the family of Count Makarias was
originally from the county of Ba.
Most of these estates as well as the ones in Moslavina came into the hands of the
most distinguished of Makarias' sons, Ban Thomas, who was one of the favourites of
King Andrew II since he supported him in their youth against Andrew's brother King
Emeric. For this loyalty to Prince Andrew, Thomas suffered imprisonment and wounds,
but was later rewarded. For his merits Thomas, who was the first known count of Vukovo
county and in 1229 mentioned as ban, got confirmation of his old family estates as well
as the ones he bought, along with donation of new estates in the county of Ba near the
Danube, and an estate near Nagylak in Csand county where he had a right on privileged
8

CD 2, 172, 234, 263, 294, 309; CD 3, 9-10, 159; CD, vol. 5, ed. Tadija Smiiklas (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska
akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1907), 526; Mavro Wertner, Prinosi k poznavanju hrvatskih banova od
godine 1105. do godine 1125 [treba: do god. 1225!], Vjesnik Kr. Hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinskog
zemaljskog arkiva 3 (1901), 22-23; Mr Wertner, Az rpadkori bnok, Szazadok 13 (1909), 383; Andri,
Samostan Svetog Kria u Frankavili (Manelosu), 54.
9
rpdkori j okmnytr/Codex diplomaticus Arpadianus continuatus (hereafter CDAC), vol. 11, ed.
Gusztv Wenzel (Budapest: Magyar Tudomnyos Akademia, 1873), 221-227; Andri, Samostan Svetog
Kria u Frankavili (Manelosu), 52-56; Stanko Andri, Benediktinski samostan Svetog Duha u Nutru,
Godinjak Ogranka Matice hrvatske Vinkovci 15 (1997), 67-69.

transport of salt on the Maros (Croat. Mori, Rum. Mure, Lat. Marisus) river. After he
was wounded in the campaign in Galicia, King Andrew gave him also the fish-ponds
north of Borovo in the county of Vukovo and an estate in the county of Zagreb between
the Odra and Sava rivers. Thomas separated his estates from his brothers, nephews and
cousins, from whom he also bought some parts in Sonta and Somogy county. In addition,
he also inherited or bought the estates of his mother's family in the area of Podravina near
the Drava river. This last estate was also later called Moslavina (Monoszl) nowadays
Podravska Moslavina, even when no longer possessed by any members of the kindred. It
is significant that in the second half of the thirteenth century, Thomas' descendants were
referred as de genere Thome Bani which was replaced only at the end of the century with
the nameplace Monoszl.10
Thomas left two sons who divided his estates in Baka (the county of Ba),
Baranja and Srijem. One of his four daughters married a son of the founder of Heder clan.
However, the western possessions, particularly Moslavina, became the issue of dispute
between the descendants of Ban Thomas and his brothers, especially Nicholas. 11 It is
possible that the politics of Thomas and afterwards his sons of systematic buying out the
land of their cousins, upset the latter. The second half of the thirteenth century is marked
by the severe struggle among the members of the clan with several unsuccessful attempts
of reconciliation and peaceful settlements. The division of the inheritance in Moslavina
after the death of Makarias II, the son of Stephen, caused another dispute between the
descendants of Ban Thomas and Nicholas. The descendants of Nicholas complained that
they did not get enough. Finally, the dispute was settled by King Bla IV although it had
to be reaffirmed by threat of excommunication by bishop of Zagreb. According to the
settlement - Gregory, son of Ban Thomas, who was iudex Cumanorum at the time, left to
10

CDAC, 219-230; CD 3, 203-204, 347-351; Hazai okmnytr. Codex diplomaticus patrius (hereafter
HO), vol. 7, eds. Arnold Ipolyi, Imre Nagy and Dezs Vghely (Budapest: Magyar tudomnyos akademia,
1880), pp. 2-4, 15; Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis (hereafter CDHEC), vol. 4/2,
ed. Gyrgy Fejr (Budae, 1829); Karcsony, A magyar nemzetsgek a XIV szzad kzepig, 377, 383;
Andri, Samostan Svetog Kria u Frankavili (Manelosu), 53, Nada Klai, Povijest Zagreba, bk. 1,
Zagreb u srednjem vijeku (Zagreb: SNL, 1982), 67; Stjepan Pavii, Vukovska upa u razvitku svoga
naselja od XIII. do XVIII. stoljea. I. dio (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1940),
80; Andri, Podgorje Papuka i Krndije u srednjem vijeku: prilozi za lokalnu povijest (prvi dio), 60-61;
Andri, Benediktinski samostan Svetog Duha u Nutru, 67-69; Wertner, Az rpadkori bnok, 561; CD,
vol. 7, ed. Tadija Smiiklas (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1909), 192-194.
11
HO, eds. Arnold Ipolyi, Imre Nagy and Dezs Vghely (Budapest: Magyar tudomnyos akademia, 1876),
233-234; HO, vol. 7, 23-25.

Nicholas descendants all the estates in medieval Slavonia. These estates were later
regarded as Moslavina. Gregory kept the estates in Hungary (proper), and those at river
Drava.12
The descendants of Ban Thomas, especially of his son Gregory II, can be
regarded as the magnate branch of the kindred, Gregorys sons Giles II, Gregory III,
and Peter III all had successful careers but their interest lay north of the Drava Giles
was magister dapiferorum of young king Stephen, then his magister tavernicorum. When
Stephen became king, Giles served as the count of Bratislava (Hung. Pozsony), and
afterwards in 1273 ban of Mava (Lat. Machua, Hung. Macs) and Bosnia, and magister
tavernicorum. His brother Gregory was queens magister tavernicorum, the count of
Eisenstadt (Cro. eljezno, Slov. elezno, Hung. Kismarton), while Peter was the bishop
of Erdely (Transylvania). However, the branch of older son of Ban Thomas, Gregory II,
died out. In an attempt to leave heirs, Giles II adopted two cousins from his mothers side
but they died before him. According to his will, written in Trnava (Hung. Nagysombat) in
1313 he left his estates to his daughters who were married into Krgy (Cro. Koro), Aba
(Nyky) and Barsa clans. The inheritance in Csand county he left to the Church of
Esztergom.13 The consequence was that Moslavina which was in the previous division
assigned to the lesser branch of the kindred became the core land of the kindred. Finally,
it came back to the descendants of Ban Thomas one of his grandsons, sons of Thomas,
got the nickname of upor. It is interesting that this Stephen (II) is only referred as upor
after his death, and the nickname as a part of a personal name is mentioned also along his
12

HO, vol. 7, 36-37; CD, vol. 4, ed. Tadija Smiiklas (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i
umjetnosti, 1906), 311-312; Als-Szlavniai okmnytr (Dubicza, Orbsz s Szana vrmegyk) 1244-1710,
Codex diplomaticus partium regno Hungariae adnexarum (comitatum: Dubicza, Orbsz et Szana), eds.
Lajos Thallczy and Sndor Horvth, (Budapest: Kiadja a Magyar tud. Akadmia, 1912), 3-4; CD, vol. 5,
ed. Tadija Smiiklas (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1907), 78, 324, 495-496,
526-527; CD, vol. 6, ed. Tadija Smiiklas (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1908),
440-442; Klai, Povijest Zagreba, 68.
13
CDHEC, vol. 4/3, ed. Gyrgy Fejr (Buda, 1829), 294, 525; CDAC, vol. 4, ed. Gusztv Wenzel
(Budapest: Magyar Tudomnyos Akademia, 1862), 38, 41, 52; CDAC, vol. 9, ed. Gusztv Wenzel
(Budapest: Magyar Tudomnyos Akademia, 1871), 75, 77; CDAC, vol. 12, ed. Gusztv Wenzel (Budapest:
Magyar Tudomnyos Akademia, 1874), 50, 53, 76, 116; HO, vol. 2, eds. Imre Nagy, Ivn Pur, Kroly Rth
and Dezs Vghely (Gyr: Magyar tudomnyos akademia, 1865), 11-12, 14; Wertner, Az rpadkori
bnok, 473; Andri, Podgorje Papuka i Krndije u srednjem vijeku: prilozi za lokalnu povijest (prvi dio),
61-62, 65-66, 75-76; Istvn Dis, Magyar katolikus lexikon (Budapest: Szent Istvn Kiad, 2005), 894-895;
CD, vol. 7, ed. Tadija Smiiklas (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1909), 192-194;
Juraj uk, Podravina od Bednje do Voinke i susjedna podruja do polovice etrnaestoga vijeka (Plemstvo
posjedi uprava), Vjesnik Kraljevskog hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinskog arkiva 18 (1916), 221-222;
CDHEC, vol. 8/1, ed. Gyrgy Fejr (Buda, 1832), 524-525; Andri, Voin u srednjem vijeku, 97-99.

namesake son Stephen III. It seems that the descendants of Stephen II upor got
Moslavina after their cousin Peter II, who held it according to the agreement of 1269,
took the wrong side in war for the crown in the beginning of the fourteenth century.
Moslavina was then taken by King Charles Robert and given to count Baboni in whose
service were the descendants of Stephen II (upor). Never again they chose the wrong
side in fights over the throne.14
The upor of the fourteenth century certainly were not that grand as the
Monoszl of the thirteenth century. In the first half of the fourteenth century, they did not
hold high titles, and their estates, although not small, could not compare with the estates
of their ancestors Makarias, Ban Thomas, and Giles. However, they became concentrated
in one place, contrary to the previous centuries, and this was felt in their social
connections as well: as far as it could be concluded, they mostly intermarried with their
neighbours. Still, they seem to prosper economically for example, they owned a mill in
Zagreb, the only one that was private, that is, did not belong to the church institution or
the town community. They acquired more lands by lending their neighbours money on
mortgage and also took advantage of some of their neighbours being proclaimed rebels
by the crown. The most successful was John who was one of two representatives of
Slavonian nobility when King Sigismund confirmed the special judicial status of
Slavonian and Croatian nobility. The upor has chosen the winning side in the struggles
between the court (Queens Elisabeth and Mary, and later King Sigismund) and rebellious
Slavonian nobles. However, Johns illegal actions regarding the estates of his neighbours
finally led to the confiscation of his estates.15
In next generation, the most famous was Paul who succeeded in recovering the
estates which were confiscated from his uncle John. The culmination of his career was
14

Karcsony, A magyar nemzetsgek a XIV szzad kzepig, 378; Engel, Kzepkori magyar genealgia,
2001; Maek, Rod biskupa Demetrija upora: Prilog rodoslovlju upora Moslavakih, 277, 285; CD,
vol. 8, ed. Tadija Smiiklas (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1910), 439-442.
15
Povjestni spomenici slob. kralj. grada Zagreba prijestolnice Kraljevine dalmatinsko-hrvatskoslavonske/Monumenta historica liberae regiae civitatis Zagrabiae metropolis regni Dalmatiae, Croatiae et
Slavoniae, vol. 11, ed. Ivan Krstitelj Tkali, (Zagreb: 1905), 247; CD, vol. 17, eds. Tadija Smiiklas,
Stjepan Gunjaa, Jakov Stipii (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1981), 347; CD,
vol. 18, eds. Tadija Smiiklas, Duje Rendi-Mioevi, Miljen amalovi, Vesna Gamulin, Damir Karbi,
Zoran Ladi, Mirjana Matijevi-Sokol, Rajka Modri and Jakov Stipii (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija
znanosti i umjetnosti, 1990), 37, 510; Monumenta historica episcopatus Zagrabiensis/Povijesni spomenici
zagrebake biskupije (hereafter MHEZ), vol. 6, ed. Andrija Lukinovi (Zagreb: Kranska sadanjost,
1994), 39-40; Kaptolski arhiv u Zagrebu, Acta capitula antiqua, 125/1.

the appointment as ban of Slavonia in 1412, in which status he led the army against the
Venetians in Friuli. Since he was ban, he is the member of the upor kindred who issued
the biggest number of documents or was mentioned in these.16 However, today he is
mostly remembered and mentioned because of circumstances and stories regarding his
death. In the summer of 1415 he was killed in or after the so-called battle of Lava or
Doboj in northern Bosnia against the army of Bosnian duke Hrvoje who was backed by
the Ottoman forces. The chronicler John Thurczy, writing cca 60 years after these
events, mentioned that duke Hrvoje bore ban Paul grudge, caused by Pauls public
mocking of Hrvojes deep voice in court. Namely, whenever he saw Hrvoje in court, he
laughed at him and imitated ox-mooing. Other details of this story are given in the
sixteenth-century history of Observant Franciscans in Bosnia and Hungary (Cronica seu
oro fratrum minorum de Obsevantia in provinciis Bozne et Hungarie Christo Iesu
militantium). According to the anonymous author of this chronicle, his sources were the
now lost writing of Bosnian vicar Blasius de Zalko (1420-25) as well as narration of
some Friar Gregory of Ilok who lived in the middle and second half of the fifteenth
century, closer to the events of the battle of Lava. According to the chronicle, Ban Paul
was mocking Hrvoje with the saying Tot nem ember, pogcsa nem kenyer (Slav is not a
men, pogaa is not bread). This story is used as proof that at this time the mocking name
Tot was used for Slavs in Slavonia, south of the river Drava, although it could actually
indicate the use for Bosnian Slavs as well. Since Paul upor was actually Slavonian
himself, the saying was probable a later addition. However, personal hostility between
Bosnian duke and Paul upor can not be rejected with certainty as later invention.
Hrvojes letter to queen Barbara is preserved in which he complains about Pauls
treatment towards him after Hrvoje was proclaimed a rebel. The battle of Lava was a
tragedy for many Slavonian and Hungarian noblemen who were either killed or captured
and ransomed. Paul certainly did not survive it but whether, as Thurczy and humanist
historian Bonfini narrated, Hrvoje ordered him to be sewn into ox-skin and thrown into
the river with the words: You who in the human form used a voice of an ox, take now
16

Paul appears in numerous documents which are listed in: Zsigmondkori oklevltr, vols. II/1, II/2, ed.
Elemr Mlyusz (Budapest: Akadmiai kiad, 1956, 1958), vols. III, IV, V, eds. Elemr Mlyusz and Ivan
Borsa (Budapest: Akadmiai kiad, 1993, 1994, 1997). About his career and career of his brothers see also
Pl Engel, Magyarorszg vilgi archontolgija 1301-1457 (Budapest: MTA trtnet tudomnyi intzete,
1996), 179.

with the voice also a shape of an ox, can not be confirmed by contemporary sources.
Still, it is certain that he did not return after the battle, and that King Sigismund took
under his protection his three underage sons Ako (Hung. Akos, Lat. Acacius),
Demetrius and George.17
Pauls sons along with their uncles, Stephen V and George II, maintained very
good relations with the Hunyadi family George II spent his life fighting the Ottomans
along with John Hunyadi and is referred in the sources as George the knight (miles).
Demetrius, son of Ban Paul, who was a cleric, was patronized by John Vitez, later to
become archbishop of Esztergom, who was also by origin from Moslavina. King
Matthyas and John Vitez supported Demetrius desire to become bishop of Zagreb, but he
was heavily rejected by the local chapter. The struggle for the see of Zagreb lasted almost
25 years, but at the end King Matthyas himself grew tired of old Demetrius and called
him incompetent, insisting that the pope transfer him to less demanding post at Gyr,
much to Demetrius dissatisfaction. The roots of conflict between Demetrius and the
chapter of Zagreb were probably in the long dispute that the family had with the chapter
over the estates that they recovered from the estates confiscated from their great-uncle
John, and of which part was claimed by the chapter as Johns previous donation. In any
case, the sons of Ban Paul, and their cousins, were a much more violent generation than
the previous ones, and entered many conflicts against their neighbours, the chapter of
Zagreb and the Pauline monastery of Gari Mountain in whose records are many of their
crimes vividly described. It could be concluded that they managed to escape some
prosecutions thanks to their connections with the Hunyadi. Still, they appeared as the
donators of the Paulines of Gari Mountain although they patronized as well the
Franciscan monastery at Varalja, founded by George the knigt as his attempt to redeem
himself from war-crimes.18
17

Thurczy, Chronica Hungarorum, 224; Franciscan chronicle cited according to Stanko Andri, Potonuli
svijet: Rasprave o slavonskom i srijemskom srednjovjekovlju (Slavonski Brod: Hrvatski institut za povijest
podrunica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje, 2001), 196, 202, 205-206; MHEZ, vol. 5, ed. Andrija
Lukinovi (Zagreb: Kranska sadanjost, 1992), 590. About the battle of Lava see among most recent
works: Dubravko Lovrenovi, Bitka u Lavi 1415. godine, in: Raukarov zbornik, ed. Neven Budak, 275296 (Zagreb: FF press, 2005), 275-296.
.
18
Ferdo ii, Nekoliko isprava iz poetka XV. stoljea, Starine 39 (1938), 237-238; Josip Buturac,
Inventar i regesti za starije dokumente zagrebakog kaptolskog arhiva g. 1401-1700, Arhivski vjesnik 1112 (1968-69), 278, 281, 284, 288; MHEZ, vol. 6, 38-40, 211-214, 220-221, 306, 331-332; MHEZ, vol. 7,
ed. Andrija Lukinovi (Zagreb: Kranska sadanjost, Hrvatski dravni arhiv, 2004), 109-110, 147-148,

The last generation could be considered again as the magnate one. Nicholas V, the
only son of Ako that reached adulthood, was among the young favourites of young King
Mattyas who made him in 1469 duke of Transylvania and hereditary count of Virovitica
(Hung. Verce) county. The King also gave him the great estates of Korogy family in
Vukovo and Poega (Hung. Pozsega) county as well as north of the Drava after their
extinction. It comprised castles, market-places, etc. among them Osijek, nowadays the
greatest city of Slavonia. The inheritance of Korogy was the reward for Nicholas being
one of Matthyas main army leaders in fight with George Podjebradski (1468-1471). He
did not enjoy his estates for long for he was killed in the battle in Michalovci 29.1.1474.
against the Polish fources, leaving no descendants. His cousin Stephen, magister
ianitorum, died at the end of 1492, also without descendants. Their estates got by royal
decision in the possession of the noble family of Erddy.19
In this way, on the eve of Ottoman conquests, ended the history of this noble
kindred that ruled Moslavina and influenced history on the broader area of medieval and
present Slavonia, sometimes also on other areas of medieval Kingdom of Hungary, for
more than three centuries. Perhaps the archaeological excavations of the Pauline
monastery on the Gari Mountain which have already started, as well as the ones of the
Franciscan monastery in Varalja, still intact, would bring more data on the activity of the
upor as patrons of these monasteries, perhaps even their graves. It would be also
interesting to investigate possible connection with the namesake family in the Veszprm
county.

Bibliography
399-400, 478-479; Jakov Stipii and Miljen amalovi, Isprave u Arhivu Jugoslavenske akademije,
Zbornik Historijskog instituta JAZU 3 (1960), 575-576. About Demetrius' career: Andrija Lukinovi,
Demetrije upor, in: Zagrebaki biskupi i nadbiskupi, ed. Franko Miroevi (Zagreb: kolska knjiga,
1995), 204-205, 208-209; MHEZ, vol. 7, X-XVIII. About the monastery on Gari see: Silvija Pisk,
Pavlinski samostan Blaene Djevice Marije na Gariu (Moslavaka gora) i njegova uloga u regionalnoj
povijesti, Ph.D. Dissertation (Zagreb: Filozofski fakultet, Sveuilite u Zagrebu, 2011).
19
Dezs Csnki, Mgyarorszg trtnelmi fldrajza. A Hunyadiak korban, vol. 2 (Budapest: Magyar
tudomnyos akadmia, 1894), 270-271, 285-286, 287, 369, 378, 397-398, 454, 458, 460-461; Pl Engel,
The realm of St. Stephen. A history of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526 (London, New York: Tauris, 2001),
312, 314; Stipii and amalovi, Isprave u Arhivu Jugoslavenske akademije, 594; Elemr Mlyusz, A
szlavniai s horvtorszgi kzpkori plos kolostorok oklevelei az Orszgos Levltrban, Levltri
kzlemnyek 13 (1935), 253-257.

Sources:
Unpublished sources:
Kaptolski arhiv u Zagrebu (KAZ), Stari spisi zagrebakog kaptola/Acta capitula antiqua.
Published sources:
Buturac, Josip. Inventar i regesti za starije dokumente zagrebakog kaptolskog arhiva g.
1401-1700. Arhivski vjesnik 11-12 (1968-1069): 261-319.
Fejr, Gyrgy. Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis, vol. 4/2. Budae,
1829.
Fejr, Gyrgy. Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis, vol. 4/3, Budae,
1829.
Fejr, Gyrgy. Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis, vol.8/1. Budae,
1832.
Ipolyi, Arnold, Imre Nagy and

Dezs Vghely, eds. Hazai okmnytr. Codex

diplomaticus patrius, vol 6. Budapest: Magyar tudomnyos akademia, 1876.

Ipolyi, Arnold, Imre Nagy and Dezs Vghely, eds. Hazai okmnytr. Codex
diplomaticus patrius, vol. 7. Budapest: Magyar tudomnyos akademia, 1880.
Lukinovi, Andrija. Monumenta historica episcopatus Zagrabiensis/Povijesni spomenici
zagrebake biskupije, vol. 5. Zagreb: Kranska sadanjost, 1992.
Lukinovi, Andrija. Monumenta historica episcopatus Zagrabiensis/Povijesni spomenici
zagrebake biskupije, vol. 6. Zagreb: Kranska sadanjost, 1994.
Lukinovi, Andrija. Monumenta historica episcopatus Zagrabiensis/Povijesni spomenici
zagrebake biskupije, vol. 7. Zagreb: Kranska sadanjost, Hrvatski dravni arhiv, 2004.

10

Mlyusz, Elemr. A szlavniai s horvtorszgi kzpkori plos kolostorok oklevelei az

Orszgos Levltrban. Levltri kzlemnyek 13 (1935): 233-265.
Mlyusz, Elemr, ed. Zsigmondkori oklevltr, vol. II/1 (1400-1410). Budapest:
Akadmiai kiad, 1956.
Mlyusz, Elemr, ed. Zsigmondkori oklevltr, vol. II/2 (1407-1410). Budapest:
Akadmiai kiad, 1958.
Mlyusz, Elemr and Ivn Borsa, ed. Zsigmondkori oklevltr, vol. III (1411-1412).
Budapest: Akadmiai kiad, 1993.
Mlyusz, Elemr and Ivn Borsa, ed. Zsigmondkori oklevltr, vol. IV (1413-1414).
Budapest: Akadmiai kiad, 1994.
Mlyusz, Elemr and Ivn Borsa, eds. Zsigmondkori oklevltr, vol. V (1415-1416).
Budapest: Akadmiai kiad, 1997.
Nagy, Imre, Ivn Pur, Kroly Rth and Dezs Vghely, eds. Hazai okmnytr. Codex
diplomaticum patrium, vol. 2. Gyr: Magyar tudomnyos akademia, 1865.
Nagy, Imre, ed. Hazai okmnytr. Codex diplomaticum patrium, vol. 8. Budapest:
Magyar tudomnyos akademia, 1891.
Nagy, Imre, ed. Codex diplomaticus domus senioris comitum Zichy de Zich et Vasonke,
vol. 6. Budapest: Kiadja a magyar trtnelmi trsulat, 1894.
Smiiklas, Tadija, ed. Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae, vol. 2.
Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1904.
Smiiklas, Tadija, ed. Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae, vol. 3.
Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1905.

11

Smiiklas, Tadija, ed. Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae, vol. 4.
Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti.
Smiiklas, Tadija, ed. Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae, vol. 5.
Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1907.
Smiiklas, Tadija, ed. Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae, vol. 6.
Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1908.
Smiiklas, Tadija, ed. Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae, vol. 7.
Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1909.
Smiiklas, Tadija, ed. Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae, vol. 7.
Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1910.
Smiiklas, Tadija, ed. (1981), Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et
Slavoniae, vol. 17. Eds. Stjepan Gunjaa and Jakov Stipii. Zagreb: Jugoslavenska
akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1981.
Smiiklas, Tadija, ed. Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae, vol.
18. Eds. Duje Rendi-Mioevi, Miljen amalovi, Vesna Gamulin, Damir Karbi,
Zoran Ladi, Mirjana Matijevi-Sokol, Rajka Modri and Jakov Stipii. Zagreb:
Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1990.
Stipii, Jakov and Miljen amalovi. Isprave u Arhivu Jugoslavenske akademije.
Zbornik Historijskog instituta JAZU 3 (1960): 563-643.
ii, Ferdo. Rukovet spomenika o hercegu Ivaniu Korvinu i o borbama Hrvata s
Turcima. Starine 37 (1934): 189-344.
ii, Ferdo. Nekoliko isprava iz poetka XV. stoljea. Starine 39 (1938): 129-320.

12

Thallczy, Lajos and Sndor Horvth, eds. Als-Szlavniai okmnytr (Dubicza, Orbsz
s Szana vrmegyk) 1244-1710. Codex diplomaticus partium regno Hungariae
adnexarum (comitatum: Dubicza, Orbsz et Szana). Budapest: Kiadja a Magyar tud.
Akadmia, 1912.
Thurczy, Jnos (Johannes de Thurocz). Chronica Hungarorum, eds. Elisabetz (Erzsbet)
Galntai and Julius (Gyula) Krist. Budapest: Akadmiai Kiad, 1985.
Tkali, Ivan Krstitelj, ed. Povjestni spomenici slob. kralj. grada Zagreba prijestolnice
Kraljevine dalmatinsko-hrvatsko-slavonske/Monumenta historica liberae regiae civitatis
Zagrabiae metropolis regni Dalmatiae, Croatiae et Slavoniae, vol. 11. Knjige o posjedih:
god. 14711526.; Popisi imovine i rauni: god. 13681521. Zagreb, 1905.
Wenzel, Gusztv, ed. rpdkori j okmnytr/Codex diplomaticus Arpadianus
continuatus, vol. 4. Budapest: Magyar Tudomnyos Akademia, 1862.
Wenzel, Gusztv, ed. rpdkori j okmnytr/Codex diplomaticus Arpadianus
continuatus, vol. 9. Budapest: Magyar Tudomnyos Akademia, 1871.
Wenzel, Gusztv, ed. rpdkori j okmnytr/Codex diplomaticus Arpadianus
continuatus, vol. 11. Budapest: Magyar Tudomnyos Akademia, 1873.
Wenzel, Gusztv, ed. rpdkori j okmnytr/Codex diplomaticus Arpadianus
continuatus, vol. 12. Budapest: Magyar Tudomnyos Akademia, 1874.

Literature:
Andri, Stanko. Benediktinski samostan Svetog Duha u Nutru. Godinjak Ogranka
Matice hrvatske Vinkovci 15 (1997): 65-100.

13

Andri, Stanko. Voin u srednjem vijeku. In: Povijesna i kulturna batina Voina, ed.
D. uvak, 97-113. Slatina: Matica hrvatska; Puko otvoreno uilite; Zaviajni muzej
Slatina, 2000.
Andri, Stanko. Potonuli svijet: Rasprave o slavonskom i srijemskom srednjovjekovlju.
Slavonski Brod: Hrvatski institut za povijest podrunica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i
Baranje, 2001.
Andri, Stanko. Samostan Svetog Kria u Frankavili (Manelosu). Istorijski asopis 52
(2005): 33-82.
Andri, Stanko. Podgorje Papuka i Krndije u srednjem vijeku: prilozi za lokalnu povijest
(prvi dio). Scrinia slavonica 8 (2008): 55-112.
Bedi, Marko. upori Moslavaki. Kaj 28/3 (1995): 53-67.
Csnki, Dezs. Mgyarorszg trtnelmi fldrajza. A Hunyadiak korban, vol. 2.
Budapest: Magyar tudomnyos akadmia, 1894.
uk, Juraj. Podravina od Bednje do Voinke i susjedna podruja do polovice
etrnaestoga vijeka (Plemstvo posjedi uprava). Vjesnik Kraljevskog hrvatskoslavonsko-dalmatinskog arkiva, 18 (1916): 169-232.
Engel, Pl. Magyarorszg vilgi archontolgija 1301-1457. Budapest: MTA trtnet
tudomnyi intzete, 1996.
Engel, Pl. Kzepkori magyar genealgia/Magyrorszg vilgi archontolgija 13011457. PC CD-ROM. Budapest, 2001, s.v. Monoszl nem Csupor.
Engel, Pl. The realm of St. Stephen. A history of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526. London,
New York: Tauris, 2001.

14

Gruber, Dane. Borba Ludovika I. s Mleanima za Dalmaciju (1348-1358). Rad

Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti 152 (1903): 32-161.
Hrvatski biografski leksikon (HBL), vol. 3, Zagreb: Leksikografski zavod Miroslav
Krlea, 1993, s.v. upor (authors: Kreimir Nemeth i Tatjana Radau); upor, Demetrije
(author: Franjo Emanuel Hoko); upor, Pavao (author: Tatjana Radau).
Karcsony, Janos. Monoszl in: A magyar nemzetsgek a XIV szzad kzepig, vol. 2.
Budapest, 1901.
Kiss, Lajos. Fldrajzi nevek etimolgiai sztara. Budapest: Akadmiai Kiad, 1980.
Klai, Nada. Povijest Zagreba, knjiga prva, Zagreb u srednjem vijeku. Zagreb: SNL,
1982.
Lovrenovi, Dubravko. Bitka u Lavi 1415. godine. In: Raukarov zbornik, ed. Neven
Budak, 275-296. Zagreb: FF press, 2005.
Lukinovi, Andrija. Demetrije upor. In: Zagrebaki biskupi i nadbiskupi, ed. Franko
Miroevi, 203-205. Zagreb: kolska knjiga, 1995.
Maek, Pavao. Rod biskupa Eretria upora: Prilog rodoslovlju upora Moslavakih.
Tkali 12 (2008): 277-313.
Pavii, Stjepan. Vukovska upa u razvitku svoga naselja od XIII. do XVIII. stoljea. I.
dio. Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1940.
Pisk, Silvija. Pavlinski samostan Blaene Djevice Marije na Gariu (Moslavaka gora) i
njegova uloga u regionalnoj povijesti. Ph.D. Dissertation. Zagreb: Filozofski fakultet,
Sveuilite u Zagrebu, 2011.
Skok, Petar. Etimologijski rjenik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika, vol. 2. Zagreb:
Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1972.

15

Wertner, Mavro. Prinosi k poznavanju hrvatskih banova od godine 1105. do godine 1125
[treba: do god. 1225!]. Vjesnik Kr. Hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinskog zemaljskog
arkiva 3 (1901): 16-31.
Wertner, Mr. Az rpadkori bnok. Szazadok 13 (1909): 377-415, 472-494, 555-570,
656-668, 747-757.

16

Summary

The mighty noble kindred of upor Moslavaki appears under this name in historical
sources in the first half of the fourteenth century. It is generally considered in
historiography that they are a branch of even older noble kindred of Moslavaki (de
Monoszl) who possessed a noble estate of Moslavina from the second half of the twelfth
century. This is confirmed by the name-inheriting pattern existing in both kindreds
although there is also an opinion that the upor might have stemmed from the Hungarian
noble kindred of Csupor. The upor Moslavaki ruled Moslavina until their extinction in
the male line in 1492, and they also had estates in the counties of Zagreb and Krievci,
and for some time as well in the counties of Vuka and Baka. Stjepan (*1256-*1293)
with the nickname upor (Hungarian for jug?) is the founder of the branch of upor
Moslavaki who again rose at the end of the fourteenth century. The most prominent
family members were Ban Thomas (1217-1231), Giles (+1313), Paul (+1415), ban of
whole Slavonia, famous for his conflict with the Bosnian duke Hrvoje Vuki Hrvatini,
Paul's son Demetrius, bishop of Knin, Zagreb and Gyr (+1468), and Nicholas (+1473),
the duke of Transylvania and prominent warrior in the time of King Matthias Corvinus
(1458-1490). In this article, the history of the family is presented as well as its
importance for the history of Moslavina and Croatia in general, while also some most
prominent members are presented in more detail.
Key words: upor, Moslavaki (Monoszl), noble kindred, Middle Ages, Moslavina

17